Common Chinese Materia Medica Volume 7 Huagu Ye Chuyuan Li Wencai Ye Feiyan Zeng Editors 123 Common Chinese Materia Medica Huagu Ye • Chuyuan Li • Wencai Ye Feiyan Zeng Editors Common Chinese Materia Medica Volume 7 Editors Huagu Ye Chuyuan Li South China Botanical Garden Guangzhou Pharmaceutical Chinese Academy of Sciences Holdings Limited Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Guangzhou, China Wencai Ye Feiyan Zeng Coll Pharm South China Botanical Garden Jinan University Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Guangzhou, Guangdong, China ISBN 978-981-16-5899-0 ISBN 978-981-16-5900-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5900-3 Jointly published with Chemical Industry Press The print edition is not for sale in China (Mainland). Customers from China (Mainland) please order the print book from: Chemical Industry Press. © Chemical Industry Press 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Participating Units SOUTH CHINA BOTANICAL GARDEN, THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES GUANGZHOU PHARMACEUTICAL HOLDINGS LIMITED JINAN UNIVERSITY Honorary Editor-in-Chief: Changxiao Liu Associate Honorary Editor-in-Chief: Hai Ren Editor-in-Chief: Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng Associate Editor-in-Chief: Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, Jianrong Li Editorial Board Members: Ling Ma, Faguo Wang, Guoping Wang, Jun Wang, Xiyong Wang, Linke Yin, Ye Lu, Wencai Ye, Huagu Ye, Yushi Ye, Yun Ye, Mingliang Shen, Shaozhi Fu, Lin Fu, Guohua Bai, Jibin Zhu, Qiang Zhu, Jian Quan, Fangfang Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Mei Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Shangchuan Sun, Shiquan Ling, Xiaojie Li, Shuyuan Li, Shiyu Li, Ruliang Li, Chengwen Li, Haitao Li, Cehong Li, Zexian Li, Jianrong Li, Haitao Li, Cehong Li, Chuyuan Li, Yi Yang, Xiaoling Yu, Bo Xiao, Haiyan Gu, Bin Zou, Fengqiu Zhang, Shupeng Zhang, Qiuying Zhang, Xiaoqi Zhang, Huiye Zhang, Yushun Chen, Hongyuan Chen, Haishan Chen, Xiaojing Fan, Chunlin Fan, Sirong Yi, Shimin Duan, Xinsheng Qin, Han Jia, Lei Xu, Jing Xia, Zhihai Huang, Ya Huang, Xiujuan Tang, Ning Kang, Song Lu, Feiyan Zeng, Jingjin Cai, Kaiyun Guan, Wenbo Liao, Xueying Wei, Yujie Liao, Liyun Nie, Xueying Wei, Minghui Cai v Preface Traditional Chinese medicine, a generic term for all medicines used by Chinese ethnic groups, including Han and minority races, reflects the Chinese nation’s understanding of life, health, and diseases. Also, it is a pharmaceutical system that has a long tradition of unique theories and technical methods. Traditional Chinese medicine is the cream of the crop of the Chinese culture, which has played a very important role in the reproduction and prosperity of the Chinese nation for thou- sands of years. With the research and development of traditional Chinese medical resources, many folk drugs are also added into the inventory of traditional Chinese medicine, making it encompass microbes, plants, animals, and minerals used for the preven- tion and treatment of diseases on the basis of Chinese traditional medical theories as well as other substances processed from them. Either produced in China or foreign lands, medications commonly used in traditional medical therapies and circulated in the market of medicinal materials are collectively called traditional Chinese medi- cine, but those folk medicines which are not expansively acknowledged are com- monly referred to as herbal medicines. In recent years, owing to the changes in health concepts and medical models, the effects of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of common, frequent, chronic, and major diseases have been progressively acknowledged and accepted by the international commu- nity. At present, Chinese medicines have spread to 183 countries and regions. The discovery of artemisinin by Professor Youyou Tu, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, is a good indicator of the outstanding contribution made by traditional Chinese medicine to human health. Traditional Chinese medications are time-honored, widely distributed, tremen- dously diverse, and complex in origins. These factors, coupled with the uneven quality of medical works in history as well as different conventions in drug use contributed to the common phenomena that several drugs are namesakes and the same drug is given many names. What adds to the complication is that novel drug varieties are emerging, resulting in contentions among professionals and unassured qualities of traditional Chinese medications. vii viii Preface In an effort to fully demonstrate the growing environment and attributes of the original plants and animals contained in this series of books, systematically intro- duce their origins, and clarify main differences between approximate species and the easily confused species, compilers visited places throughout China, against unimaginable hardships. A large number of unedited color pictures were taken in plant habitats, which vividly reflected the original appearance of the plants in differ- ent growing periods. Thousands of high-resolution pictures of commonly used tra- ditional Chinese medications were taken, which remarkably and scientifically presented distinguishing features of medicinal materials. Experts in the application of Chinese herbal medicines have scoured a colossal number of materials to carefully codify exhaustive information related to the medi- cines, including the alias, sources, morphology, habitats, distributions, acquisition and processing methods, medicinal properties, tastes, functions, use and dosages, cautions in use, and prescription samples and notes. This series of books is arranged in a systematic way—from algae, fungi, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms, resins, and animals to minerals. For the convenience of readers, the book will be published in 10 volumes. This book series seeks to describe the habitat distributions and historical evolution of traditional Chinese medicine from a global perspective. In combination with con- temporary scientific research results, this book series provides reference for the protection and scientific use of traditional Chinese medical resources. Due to reasons like the large assortment of traditional Chinese medications and the editors’ knowledge limitations, errors and incompleteness are inevitable. We welcome critical remarks from readers in the medical arena both at home and abroad. Editorial committee of Common Chinese Materia Medica (I–X). Guangzhou, China Huagu Ye August, 2019 Chuyuan Li Wencai Ye Feiyan Zeng Abstract This volume discribes 248 species of 9 families of medicinal plants, mainly includ- ing Adina rubella, Gardenia jasminoides, Hedyotis diffusa, Morinda officinalis, Rubia cordifolia, Uncaria hirsuta, Uncaria macrophylla, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Uncaria sessilifructus, Uncaria sinensis of Rubiaceae; Lonicera confusa, Lonicera hypoglauca, Lonicera macranthoides, Lonicera japonica of Caprifoliaceae; Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Patrinia villosa, Nardostachys jatamansi of Valerianaceae; Dipsacus asperoides of Dipsacaceae; Arctium lappa, Artemisia annua, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia scoparia, Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes macro- cephala, Dendranthema indicum, Dendranthema morifolium, Eupatorium chi- nense, Eupatorium fortunei, Inula helenium, Saussurea costus, Saussurea involucrata, Senecio scandens, Serratula chinensis, Siegesbeckia orientalis, Solidago decurrens, Taraxacum mongolicum, Tussilago farfara, Xanthium sibiri- cum of Compositae; Gentiana crassicaulis, Gentiana manshurica, Gentiana riges- cens, Gentiana scabra, Swertia pseudochinensis of Valerianaceae; Lysimachia christinae of Primulaceae and Plantago asiatica of Plantaginaceae. This chapter introduces the scientific names, medicinal names, morphologies, habitats, distributions, acquisition and processing methods of these medicinal plants, the content of medicinal properties, therapeutic effects, and usage and dos- age of these medicinal plants, and attaches unedited color pictures and pictures of part herbal medicines of each species. ix Contents 1 Medicinal Angiosperms of Rubiaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li 2 Medicinal Angiosperms of Rubiaceae (Cont. I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li 3 Medicinal Angiosperms of Caprifoliaceae, Valerianaceae, and Dipsacaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li 4 Medicinal Angiosperms of Compositae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li 5 Medicinal Angiosperms of Compositae (cont. I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li 6 Medicinal Angiosperms of Compositae (cont. II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li 7 Medicinal Angiosperms of Compositae (cont. III) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li 8 Medicinal Angiosperms of Gentianaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li xi xii Contents 9 Medicinal Angiosperms of Primulaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li 10 Medicinal Angiosperms of Plumbaginaceae and Plantaginaceae . . . . 591 Huagu Ye, Chuyuan Li, Wencai Ye, Feiyan Zeng, Fangfang Liu, Yuanyuan Liu, Faguo Wang, Yushi Ye, Lin Fu, and Jianrong Li