COMMERCIAL co WASTE COMPOSITION STUDY VOLUME II OF THE ONTARIO WASTE COMPOSITION STUDY I JULY 1991 Environment TD Environnement 789 .06 Ontario X66 1991 vol. L I MOE I I ' TD Commeroal waste compositor 789 study ! volume 11 of the Ontar .06 waste i X66 79681 1991 Copyright Provisions and Restrictions on Copying: This Ontario Ministry of the Environment work is protected by Crown copyright (unless otherwise indicated), which is held by the Queen's Printer for Ontario. It may he reproduced for non-commercial purposes if credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. It may not he reproduced, in all or in part, part, for any commercial purpose except under a licence from the Queen's Printer for Ontario. For information on reproducing Government of Ontario works, please contact Set-vice Ontario Publications at copyrihtL'ontario.ca ISBN 0-7729-8593-6 COMMERCIAL WASTE COMPOSITION STUDY VOLUME 11 OF THE ONTARIO WASTE COMPOSITION STUDY Report prepared by: GORE & STORRIE LIMITED Report prepared for: Waste Management Branch Ontario Ministry of the Environment JULY 1991 RFr.Yc1.Ali F n Cette publication technique nest disponible qu'en anglais. Copyright: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1991 This publication may he reproduced for non-commercial purposes with appropriate attribution. PIBS 1608 I DISCLAIMER This report was prepared for the Ontario Ministry of the Environment as part of a Ministry-funded project. The views and ideas expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Ministry of the Environment, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. I I INFORMATION FOR THE READER The results of the Ontario Waste Composition Study appear in three volumes. Volume contains the results of the residential portion of the Ontario Waste I Composition Study. The emphasis in Volume is on the development and testing I of a method that municipalities can use to estimate per capita generation rates of residential refuse. The field work for Volume took place in East York, Fergus, and I I North Bay, Ontario. Volume II contains the results of the commercial portion of the Ontario Waste Composition Study, which are presented herein. Waste generation data for two light industrial businesses are also provided in Volume 11. The emphasis in Volume is on the development and testing of a method that municipalities can use to II estimate per employee waste generation rates and, further, to estimate the quantity of waste generated from all commercial sources. The commercial component of the study took place in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo. Volume III is a "user friendly" manual that outlines the procedures for conducting residential and commercial waste composition studies in municipalities of Ontario. ABSTRACT I Volume II, the Commercial Waste Composition Study, is the second of the three volumes comprising the Ontario Waste Composition Study. The commercial study was conducted in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo between May 15 and August 31, 1990. The study focuses on developing a cost effective method for conducting waste composition assessments, estimating per I employee waste generation rates in commercial businesses and estimating the waste generated by the entire commercial sector in a municipality. Statistics Canada, as part of their Standard Industrial Classification (SIC), has disaggregated the universe of economic activity in Canada into 18 divisions. The same classification is used for all of Statistics Canada's economic surveys. The SIC provides the basis for the selection of commercial activities to be studied, and for the extrapolation of sample results into municipal totals. Within this universe of activity, the commercial waste composition study focuses on six divisions whose activities take place within the private sector and serve local communities. As these commercial activities are located within the communities they serve, the number and size of these activities can be readily predicted from a knowledge of the size and characteristics of the residential population. Statistics Canada further disaggregates these six divisions of commercial activity into 27, two-digit SIC codes, each representing a familiar group of retail or service I activities. In order to get the most information from a limited number of samples, these two-digit groups were further aggregated and disaggregated. The idea here was to aggregate those groups that appeared to have similar waste generation patterns, and to disaggregate those that had varied rates of waste generation. For example, the automotive group was disaggregated to reflect fundamentally different I I kinds of operations in dealerships, garages and gas stations. Among financial services, only banks were sampled. I Waste composition information (65 separate collections) and per employee waste rates (212 samples) were obtained for representative commercial businesses- Per employee waste generation rates were estimated from regression analyses or data averaging. Estimated average employee waste generation rates for each disaggregated commercial activity were multiplied by total Regional employment in the activity to obtain estimates of waste generation for the activity. The latter estimates were summed to give a total estimate of waste generated by commercial businesses in the Region. The study did not include schools (see Volume 1), hospitals and other health care facilities, government offices or wholesale activities. However, two "light" industries were sampled- I t TABLE OF CONTENTS INFORMATION FOR THE READER ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES (x) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.0 INTRODUCTION & LITERATURE REVIEW 1-1 1.1 Introduction 1-1 1.2 Literature Review 1-5 2.0 METHODOLOGY 2-1 2.1 Overview 2-1 2.2 Commercial Employment in the Regional Municipality 2-2 of Waterloo 2.2.1 Defining Commercial Activity 2-2 2.2.2 Extrapolation of Sample Data to a 2-4 Municipality 2.2.3 Statistics Canada Employment Data 2-6 2.2.4 Regional Municipality of Waterloo Planning 2-6 Information 2.3 Field Work: Methods 2-7 2.3.1 Personnel 2-7 2.3.2 Contacting Businesses 2-7 I 2.3.3 Scheduling Waste Collection 2-8 2.3.4 Special Documentation 2-8 2.3.5 Equipment Used in the Waste Study 2-9 2.3.6 Waste Collection Methods 2-10 2.3.7 Sample Sorting and Data Management 2-11 2.3.8 Data Obtained for Per Employee Waste 2-12 Generation Rates 2.4 Estimates of Average Per Employee Waste 2-13 Generation Rates 2.4.1 Estimates From Average Waste Weight Per 2-14 Employee Data 2.5 Estimation of Waste Generation by Commercial Sector 2-15 in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo 2.6 Sources of Potential Error in Employee Waste 2-16 Generation Estimates t Table of Contents cont'd... Page No. 3.0 RESULTS 3-1 3.1 Waste Composition of Commercial Groups 3-1 3.1.1 SIC 17 - Leather and Allied Products Industries 3-1 3.1.2 SIC 28 - Printing, Publishing and Allied 3-2 Industries. 3.1.3 SIC 48 - Communications Industry 3-2 3.1.4 SIC 60 - Food, Beverage and Drug 3-2 Industries (Retail) 3.1.5 SIC 61 - Shoe, Apparel, Fabric and Yarn 3-3 Industries (Retail) 3.1.6 SIC 62 - Household Furniture Appliance and 3-4 Furnishings Industries (Retail) 3.1.7 SIC 63 - Automotive Vehicles, Parts and 3-5 Accessories Industries (Sales and Service) 3.1.8 SIC 65 - Other Retail Industries 3-6 3.1.9 SIC 70 - Finance and Insurance Industries 3-7 3.1.10 SIC 91 - Accommodation Service Industries 3-7 3.1.11 SIC 92 - Food and Beverage Service 3-8 Industries 3.1.12 SIC 96 - Amusement and Recreational 3-9 Service Industries 3.2 Per Employee Waste Generation Rates 3-9 3.2.1 Overview of Data Handling 3-9 3.2.2 SIC 28 - Printing, Publishing and Allied Industries 3-10 3.2.3 SIC 56 - Metals, Hardware, Plumbing, Heating and 3-11 Building Materials Industries (Wholesale) 3.2.4 SIC 60 - Food, Beverage and Drug Industries, Retail 3-11 3.2.5 SIC 61 - Shoe, Apparel, Fabric and Yarn 3-11 Industries, Retail 3.2.6 SIC 62 - Household Furniture, Appliances and 3-12 Furnishing Industries, (Retail) 3.2.7 SIC 63 - Automotive Vehicles, Parts and Accessories 3-12 Industries, (sales & service) 3.2.7.1 Sector 631 - Automotive Dealers 3-12 3.2.7.2 Sector 633 - Gasoline Service Stations 3-12 3.2.7.3 Sector 635 - Motor Vehicle Repair Shops 3-13 3.2.8 SIC 65 - Other (miscellaneous) Retail Industries 3-13 3.2.9 SIC 70 - Finance and Insurance Industries 3-13 3.2.10 SIC 91 - Accommodation Service Industries, 3-13 Accomodation without Restaurants but multiple efficiency units 3.2.11 SIC 91 - Accommodation Service Industries, 3-14 Accommodation with Restaurants (v)