Commemorating Writers in Nineteenth-Century Europe Also by Joep Leerssen NATIONAL THOUGHT IN EUROPE (2008) IMAGOLOGY (with Manfred Beller, 2007) Also by Ann Rigney THE AFTERLIVES OF WALTER SCOTT (2012) IMPERFECT HISTORIES (2001) Commemorating Writers in Nineteenth-Century Europe Nation-Building and Centenary Fever Edited by Joep Leerssen Professor of European Studies, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands and Ann Rigney Professor of Comparative Literature, Utrecht University, Netherlands Selection, introduction and editorial matter © Joep Leerssen and Ann Rigney 2014 Individual chapters © Contributors 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-41213-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. 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Anne Hilde van Baal 1971–2013 This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgements xii Notes on the Contributors xiii Introduction: Fanning out from Shakespeare 1 Ann Rigney and Joep Leerssen 1 Schiller 1859: Literary Historicism and Readership Mobilization 24 Joep Leerssen 2 Burns 1859: Embodied Communities and Transnational Federation 40 Ann Rigney 3 Scott 1871: Celebration as Cultural Diplomacy 65 Ann Rigney 4 Moore 1879: Ireland, America, Australia 88 Ronan Kelly 5 Dante 1865: The Politics and Limits of Aesthetic Education 102 Mahnaz Yousefzadeh 6 Petrarch 1804–1904: Nation-Building and Glocal Identities 117 Harald Hendrix 7 Petrarch 1874: Pan-National Celebrations and Provençal Regionalism 134 Francesca Zantedeschi 8 Voltaire 1878: Commemoration and the Creation of Dissent 152 Pierre Boudrot 9 Vondel 1867: Amsterdam–Netherlands, Protestant–Catholic 173 Joep Leerssen 10 Conscience 1883: Between Flanders and Belgium 188 An De Ridder 11 Pushkin 1880: Fedor Dostoevsky Voices the Russian Self-Image 203 Neil Stewart 12 Prešeren 1905: Ritual Afterlives and Slovenian Nationalism 224 Marijan Dovic´ vii viii Contents ő 13 Mácha, Pet fi, Mickiewicz: (Un)wanted Statues in East-Central Europe 250 John Neubauer 14 Cervantes 1916: Literature as ‘Exquisite Neutrality’ 262 Clara Calvo 15 Whose Camões? Canons, Celebrations, Colonialisms 283 Paulo de Medeiros Index 295 List of Illustrations Cover: D ouble statue of Goethe and Schiller (1857), Weimar. Photograph by Ann Rigney. 1.1 Schiller memorial (1839), Schillerplatz, Stuttgart. Photograph by Christoph Hoffmann; reproduced under Wikimedia Commons licence 2.0. 25 1.2 The shade of Schiller exhorting a dejected Germany to be united. Allegorical engraving by G. Jäger on the occasion of the Schiller feast, 1859; reproduced by kind permission from www.goethezeitportal.de. 29 2.1 Procession at Dumfries. Illustrated London News, 5 February 1859; image courtesy of John Weedy, www.iln.org. 43 2.2 Festival at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. llustrated London News, 5 February 1859; image courtesy of John Weedy, www.iln.org. 49 3.1 Scott monument (1840), Edinburgh. Calotype print, 1845, by David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson; courtesy of National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh. 66 3.2 National Festival, Edinburgh. Illustrated London News, 19 August 1871; image courtesy of John Weedy, www.iln.org. 71 4.1 Statue of Thomas Moore (1857), Dublin. Photograph by Ronan Kelly. 94 5.1 The Dante festival, Santa Croce, Florence, 1865. Contemporary photograph, courtesy of the Biblioteca Marucelliana, Florence, F.H.II.9. 104 5.2 Commemorative lithograph of the 1865 Dante festivities in Florence. Image courtesy of SPIN imagebank, www.spinnet.eu. 111 6.1 Petrarch commemorative column (1804), Fontaine-de- Vaucluse. Photograph by Harald Hendrix. 122 6.2 Petrarch centenary commemorations in Arquà and Padua. Le monde illustré, 1 August 1874; private collection of Harald Hendrix. 125 6.3 The speech of the Italian representative at the Petrarch centenary commemorations in Avignon. Le monde illustré, 25 July 1874; private collection of Harald Hendrix. 127 ix