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COMESA 216: Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets — Part 1: Test methods PDF

2006·1.5 MB·English
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Preview COMESA 216: Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets — Part 1: Test methods

Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ≠ EDICT OF GOVERNMENT ± In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. COMESA 216 (2006) (English): Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets — Part 1: Test methods COMESA HARMONISED COMESA/FDHS STANDARD 216:2006 Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets — Part 1: Test methods REFERENCE: FDHS 216:2006 Foreword The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) was established in 1994 as a regional economic grouping consisting of 20 member states after signing the co-operation Treaty. In Chapter 15 of the COMESA Treaty, Member States agreed to co-operate on matters of standardisation and Quality assurance with the aim of facilitating the faster movement of goods and services within the region so as to enhance expansion of intra-COMESA trade and industrial expansion. Co-operation in standardisation is expected to result into having uniformly harmonised standards. Harmonisation of standards within the region is expected to reduce Technical Barriers to Trade that are normally encountered when goods and services are exchanged between COMESA Member States due to differences in technical requirements. Harmonized COMESA Standards are also expected to result into benefits such as greater industrial productivity and competitiveness, increased agricultural production and food security, a more rational exploitation of natural resources among others. COMESA Standards are developed by the COMESA experts on standards representing the National Standards Bodies and other stakeholders within the region in accordance with international procedures and practices. Standards are approved by circulating Final Draft Harmonized Standards (FDHS) to all member states for a one Month vote. The assumption is that all contentious issues would have been resolved during the previous stages or that an international or regional standard being adopted has been subjected through a development process consistent with accepted international practice. COMESA Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the COMESA Harmonized Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest version of the standards they are implementing. This COMESA standard is technically identical to ISO 8611-1:2004, Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets — Part 1: Test methods. A COMESA Harmonized Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD 8611-1 First edition 2004-02-15 Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets — Part 1: Test methods Palettes pour la manutention — Palettes plates — Partie 1: Méthodes d'essai Reference number ISO 8611-1:2004(E) © ISO 2004 ISO 8611-1:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. © ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved ISO 8611-1:2004(E) Contents Page Foreword............................................................................................................................................................iv Introduction........................................................................................................................................................v 1 Scope......................................................................................................................................................1 2 Normative references...........................................................................................................................1 3 Terms and definitions...........................................................................................................................1 4 Measurements.......................................................................................................................................2 5 Accuracy of tests and apparatus........................................................................................................2 6 Test load.................................................................................................................................................3 7 List of tests............................................................................................................................................3 8 Static tests.............................................................................................................................................4 8.1 Test No. 1 — Bending tests..................................................................................................................4 8.2 Test No. 2 — Wing pallet bending tests..............................................................................................5 8.3 Test No. 3 — Air bag bending tests....................................................................................................7 8.4 Test No. 4 — Fork lifting tests...........................................................................................................10 8.5 Test No. 5 — Compression tests for blocks or stringers...............................................................11 8.6 Test No. 6 — Stacking test.................................................................................................................13 8.7 Test No. 7 — Dead-weight bending test...........................................................................................14 8.8 Test No. 8 — Bottom deck bending tests.........................................................................................15 8.9 Test No. 9 — Static shear test............................................................................................................16 9 Dynamic strength tests......................................................................................................................17 9.1 Test No. 10 — Corner drop test.........................................................................................................17 9.2 Inclined plane impact tests................................................................................................................18 10 Friction tests........................................................................................................................................23 10.1 Test No. 14 — Static coefficient of friction test...............................................................................23 10.2 Test No. 15 — Slip angle test.............................................................................................................24 11 Test report............................................................................................................................................25 11.1 General information — all materials.................................................................................................25 11.2 Information for wooden and wood-based composite pallets.........................................................26 11.3 Information for plastic pallets............................................................................................................26 11.4 Information for pallets made of other materials..............................................................................26 Bibliography.....................................................................................................................................................27 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii ISO 8611-1:2004(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 8611-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 51, Pallets for unit load method of materials handling. This first edition, together with ISO 8611-2 and ISO 8611-3, cancels and replaces ISO 8611:1991. ISO 8611 consists of the following parts, under the general title Pallets for materials handling — Flat pallets:  Part 1: Test methods  Part 2: Performance requirements and selection of tests (Technical Specification)  Part 3: Maximum working load (Technical Specification) iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved ISO 8611-1:2004(E) Introduction The 1991 edition of ISO 8611 described a system of sequential testing that relied upon a pallet passing every test in a series. This meant that one pallet could be near to failure in one particular test where another pallet might be substantially over-designed. Using the (earlier) deflection criteria, both pallets were presented as equals in terms of safety factor. The notched stringer pallet was a good example of this where it was typically very stiff, but frequently near fracture point in the (old) bending test. The new, three-part version of ISO 8611 redresses this in failing every specimen in order to establish a definite safety factor. Stiffness is dealt with as a separate series of measurements conducted during testing. Conducting the tests requires experience in testing (including the load) and also some expertise of the materials under test. This part of ISO 8611, in conjunction with ISO/TS 8611-2 and ISO/TS 8611-3, has been expressly designed to cover all pallet materials either when used alone or used as composites. A further change over ISO 8611:1991 is that all pallets for materials handling are now covered and not just high quality through-transit, exchange or pool pallets. This part of ISO 8611 cannot be used to evaluate a pallet to normative ISO requirements without the additional application of ISO/TS 8611-2 and ISO/TS 8611-3. This part of ISO 8611 was designed to be coupled with ISO/TR 10232:1989 General-purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods — Design rating and maximum working load and ISO/TR 10233:1989 General- purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods — Performance requirements. The changing of the title and the scope of ISO 6780 from General purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods — Principal dimensions and tolerances, to a wider scope of Flat pallets for intercontinental materials handling — Principal dimensions and tolerances, makes it necessary to amend ISO 8611:1991 and the Technical Reports ISO/TR 10232 and ISO/TR 10233. The test methods, performance requirements and design rating and maximum working load should now include not only “general purpose pallets” but also all other pallets for materials handling. © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved v

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