Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ≠ EDICT OF GOVERNMENT ± In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. COMESA 035 (2004) (English): Recommended Code of Hygienic Practice For Foods For Infants And Children COMESA HARMONISED COMESA/DHS STANDARD 035: 2004 Recommended Code of Hygienic Practice For Foods For Infants And Children REFERENCE: DHS 035: 2004 Foreword The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) was established in 1994 as a regional economic grouping consisting of 20 member states after signing the co-operation Treaty. In Chapter 15 of the COMESA Treaty, Member States agreed to co-operate on matters of standardisation and Quality assurance with the aim of facilitating the faster movement of goods and services within the region so as to enhance expansion of intra-COMESA trade and industrial expansion. Co-operation in standardisation is expected to result into having uniformly harmonised standards. Harmonisation of standards within the region is expected to reduce Technical Barriers to Trade that are normally encountered when goods and services are exchanged between COMESA Member States due to differences in technical requirements. Harmonized COMESA Standards are also expected to result into benefits such as greater industrial productivity and competitiveness, increased agricultural production and food security, a more rational exploitation of natural resources among others. COMESA Standards are developed by the COMESA experts on standards representing the National Standards Bodies and other stakeholders within the region in accordance with international procedures and practices. Standards are approved by circulating Final Draft Harmonized Standards (FDHS) to all member states for a one Month vote. The assumption is that all contentious issues would have been resolved during the previous stages or that an international or regional standard being adopted has been subjected through a development process consistent with accepted international practice. COMESA Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of the COMESA Harmonized Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the latest version of the standards they are implementing. This COMESA standard is technically identical to the Codex Standard CAC/RCP 21-1979. A COMESA Harmonized Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. CAC/RCP 21 Page 1 of 21 PRELIMINARY NOTE The Recommended International Code of Hygienic Practice for Foods for Infants and Children was adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission at its 13th Session in 1979. The 14th Session in 1981 adopted the Microbiological Specifications and Methods of Microbiological Analysis for Foods for Infants and Children. The Commission has expressed the opinion that Codes of Practice might provide useful checklists of requirements for national food control or enforcement authorities. RECOMMENDED INTERNATIONAL CODE OF HYGIENIC PRACTICE FOR FOODS FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN CAC/RCP 21-1979 1. SECTION I - SCOPE This Code of Hygienic Practice applies to all prepackaged foods produced, represented or purported to be for the special use of infants and/or children. It contains the minimum hygienic requirements for the handling (including production, preparation, processing, packaging, storage, transport, distribution and sale) of such food to ensure a safe, sound and wholesome product. 2. SECTION II - DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Code the following expressions have the meaning stated: 2.1 Adequate - sufficient to accomplish the intended purpose of this Code. 2.2 Children - persons from the age of more than 12 months up to the age of three years. 2.3 Cleaning - the removal of soil, food residues, dirt, grease or other objectionable matter. 2.4 Contamination - the occurrence of any objectionable matter in the product. 2.5 Disinfection - the reduction without adversely affecting the food by means of hygienically satisfactory chemical agents and/or physical methods of the number of microorganisms to a level that will not lead to harmful contamination of food. 2.6 Edible Product - product fit for human consumption. 2.7 Establishment - any building(s) or area(s) in which food is handled after harvesting and the surroundings under the control of the same management. CAC/RCP 21 Page 2 of 21 2.8 Food Handling - any operation in the growing and harvesting, preparation, processing, packaging, storage, transport, distribution and sale of food. 2.9 Food Hygiene - all measures necessary to ensure the safety, soundness and wholesomeness of food at all stages from its growth, production or manufacture until its final consumption. 2.10 Hermetically Sealed Containers - containers which are designed and intended to protect the contents against the entry of microorganisms during and after heat processing. 2.11 Infant - a person not more than 12 months of age. 2.12 Low-Acid Food - any food, other than alcoholic beverages, where any component has a pH value greater than 4.6 after heat processing. 2.13 Packaging Material - any containers such as cans, bottles, cartons, boxes, cases, and sacks, or wrapping and covering material such as foil, film, metal, paper, waxpaper and cloth. 2.14 Pests - any animals capable of directly or indirectly contaminating food. 2.15 Potable Water - water fit for human consumption. Standards of potability should not be lower than those contained in the latest edition of the "International Standards for Drinking Water", World Health Organization. 2.16 Protective Clothing - special garments intended to prevent the contamination of food and used as outer wear by persons in an establishment and includes head coverings and footwear. 2.17 Unfit for Human Consumption - an article that would normally be edible but is inedible because of disease, decomposition or any other reason. 3. SECTION III - HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS IN PRODUCTION/HARVESTING AREAS 3.1 Environmental Hygiene in Areas from which Raw Materials Are Derived 3.1.1 Unsuitable growing or harvesting areas Food should not be grown or harvested when the presence of potentially harmful substances would lead to an unacceptable level of such substances in the food. 3.1.2 Protection from contamination by wastes 3.1.2.1 Raw food materials should be protected from contamination by human, animal, domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes which may be present at levels likely to be a hazard to health. Adequate precautions should be taken to ensure that these wastes are not used and are not disposed of in a manner which may constitute a public health hazard through the food. CAC/RCP 21 Page 3 of 21 3.1.2.2 Arrangements for the disposal of domestic and industrial wastes in areas from which raw materials are derived should be acceptable to the official agency having jurisdiction. 3.1.3 Irrigation control Food should not be grown or produced in areas where the water used for irrigation might constitute a health hazard to the consumer through the food. 3.1.4 Pest and disease control Control measures involving treatment with chemical, physical or biological agents should only be undertaken by or under direct supervision of personnel who have a thorough understanding of the potential hazards to health, particularly those which may arise from residues in the food. Such measures should only be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the official agency having jurisdiction. 3.2 Harvesting and Production 3.2.1 Techniques Methods and procedures associated with harvesting and production should be hygienic, and such as not to constitute a potential health hazard or result in contamination of the product. 3.2.2 Equipment and containers Equipment and containers used for harvesting and production should be so constructed and maintained as not to constitute a hazard to health. Containers which are re-used should be of such material and construction as will permit easy and thorough cleaning. They should be cleaned and maintained clean and where necessary, disinfected. Containers previously used for toxic materials should not subsequently be used for holding foods or food ingredients. 3.2.3 Removal of obviously unfit materials Raw materials which are obviously unfit for human consumption should be segregated during harvesting and production. Those which cannot be made fit by further processing should be disposed of in such a place and in such a manner as to avoid contamination of the food and/or water supplies or other food materials. 3.2.4 Protection against contamination and damage Suitable precautions should be taken to protect the raw products from being contaminated by pests or by chemical, physical or microbiological contaminants or other objectionable substances. Precautions should be taken to avoid damage. 3.3 Storage on the Place of Production/Harvesting CAC/RCP 21 Page 4 of 21 Raw materials should be stored under conditions that will protect against contamination and minimize damage and deterioration. 3.4 Transportation 3.4.1 Conveyances Conveyances for transporting the harvested crop or raw product from the production area or place of harvest or storage should be adequate for the purpose intended, and should be of such material and construction as will permit easy and thorough cleaning. They should be cleaned and maintained clean and where necessary disinfected and disinfested. 3.4.2 Handling procedures All handling procedures should be such as will prevent raw materials from being contaminated. Care should be taken to prevent spoilage, to protect against contamination and to minimize damage. Special equipment - such as refrigeration equipment - should be used if the nature of the product or distances involved so indicate. If ice is used in contact with the product it should be of the quality required in Section 4.4.1.2. 4. SECTION IV - ESTABLISHMENT: DESIGN AND FACILITIES 4.1 Location Establishments should be located in areas which are free from objectionable odours, smoke, dust or other contaminants and are not subject to flooding. 4.2 Roadways and Areas Used by Wheeled Traffic Such roadways and areas serving the establishment and which are within its boundaries or in its immediate vicinity should have a hard paved surface suitable for wheeled traffic. There should be adequate drainage, and provision should be made to allow for cleaning. 4.3 Buildings and Facilities 4.3.1 Construction Buildings and facilities should be of sound construction and maintained in good repair. 4.3.2 Working space Adequate working space should be provided to allow for satisfactory performance of all operations. 4.3.3 Design: cleaning CAC/RCP 21 Page 5 of 21 The design should be such as to permit easy and adequate cleaning and to facilitate proper supervision of food hygiene. 4.3.4 Design: pests The buildings and facilities should be designed to prevent the entrance and harbouring of pests and the entry of environmental contamination such as smoke, dust, etc. 4.3.5 Design: cross-contamination Buildings and facilities should be designed to provide separation between those operations which may cause cross-contamination, by partition, location or other effective means. Separate rooms or areas should be provided for unpacking, washing or peeling of raw materials, as the case may be. 4.3.6 Design: operation flow Buildings and facilities should be designed to facilitate hygienic operations by means of a regulated flow in the process from the arrival of the raw material at the premises to the finished product, and should provide for appropriate temperature conditions for the process and the product. Where appropriate, separate rooms or areas suitably equipped for the required purpose, should be provided for cooking or sterilization of food. Where cooling is required, the establishments should provide sufficient capacity in cooling and freezing space to handle maximum product flow. 4.3.7 In food handling areas: - Floors, where appropriate, should be of water-proof, non-absorbent, washable, non-slip and non-toxic materials, without crevices, and should be easy to clean and disinfect. Where appropriate, floors should slope sufficiently for liquids to drain to trapped outlets. - Walls, where appropriate, should be of water-proof, non-absorbent, washable and non- toxic materials and should be light-coloured. Up to a height appropriate for the operation, they should be smooth and without crevices, and should be easy to clean and disinfect. Where appropriate angles between walls, between walls and floors, and between walls and ceilings should be sealed and coved to facilitate cleaning. - Ceilings should be so designed, constructed and finished as to prevent the accumulation of dirt and minimize condensation, mould development and flaking and should be easy to clean. - Windows and other openings should be so constructed as to avoid accumulation of dirt and those which open should be fitted with screens. Screens should be easily movable for cleaning and kept in good repair. Internal window sills, if present, should be sloped to prevent use as shelves. CAC/RCP 21 Page 6 of 21 - Doors should have smooth, non-absorbent surfaces and, where appropriate, be self-closing and close fitting. - Stairs, lift cages and auxiliary structures such as platforms, ladders, chutes, should be so situated and constructed as not to cause contamination to food. Chutes should be constructed with inspection and cleaning hatches. 4.3.8 Overhead structures In food handling areas all overhead structures and fittings should be installed in such a manner as to avoid contamination directly or indirectly of food and raw materials by condensation and drip, and should not hamper cleaning operations. They should be insulated where appropriate and be so designed and finished as to prevent the accumulation of dirt and minimize condensation, mould development and flaking. They should be easy to clean. 4.3.9 Living quarters, etc. Living quarters, toilets and areas where animals are kept should be completely separated from and should not open directly on to food handling areas. 4.3.10 Access control If the establishment is not in its own building or buildings, the layout and control of access should be to prevent unauthorized persons from entering the establishment. 4.3.11 Materials The use of material which cannot adequately be cleaned and disinfected such as wood, should be avoided, unless their use would clearly not be a source of contamination. 4.4 Sanitary Facilities 4.4.1 Water supply 4.4.1.1 An ample supply of water, in compliance with Section 7.3 of the Recommended International Code of Practice - General Principles of Food Hygiene (CAC/RCP 1- 1969, Rev. 2 (1985) Codex Alimentarius Volume 1) under adequate pressure and of suitable temperature should be available with adequate facilities for its storage, where necessary, and distribution, and with adequate protection against contamination. An adequate supply of hot water not less than +80oC should be available at all times during the working hours. 4.4.1.2 Ice should be made from water, in compliance with Section 7.3 of the General Principles of Food Hygiene referred to in Section 4.4.1.1 above, and should be manufactured, handled and stored so as to protect it from contamination.