Gamal Dawood Color Atlas of Human Gross Pathology 123 Color Atlas of Human Gross Pathology Gamal Dawood Color Atlas of Human Gross Pathology Gamal Dawood Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine Cairo, Egypt ISBN 978-3-030-91314-4 ISBN 978-3-030-91315-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91315-1 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland I dedicate this atlas to the soul of my mentor: Prof. Fatma H. Abdin Founder of the Pathology Department and Museum Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine; Cairo, EGYPT. I dedicate this Atlas also to My Family especially my wife, Prof. Mariam Abu Shady, and my Brothers Atef and Mostafa. Their encouragement and support have been inspirational and fundamental in my work and my life. Foreword Professor Gamal Dawood is passionate about pathology, and this is reflected in this beautiful atlas of gross human pathology. The photographs are outstanding and the captions concise and to the point. Pathology is the bedrock of medicine. The gross features of a disease process may be seen at postmortem examination or in pathology museums. Of late, such museums have become unfashionable, regarded as culturally inappropriate, and many have closed. Other than in the forensic field, autopsies have become much less commonly performed. Thus an atlas of gross human pathology provides a particularly useful substitute for the real thing! I can remember spending hours studying potted pathology specimens in preparation for the tutorials and the enlightening discussions that ensued. This atlas covers the important and more commonly encountered diseases and will be invaluable to both medical students and graduates wishing to refresh their knowledge. It is so important that a practitioner has a clear mental image of a diseased organ while considering the pathogenesis of a patient’s illness. It is only by under- standing and viewing the gross pathology that the histological features can be put in proper perspective. This is a gem of a book and I highly recommend it to all practitioners of medicine. Phillip H. McKee Professor Emeritus of Pathology Harvard Medical School Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region France vii Preface Gross pathology is an important part of studying pathology for medical students. Any disease process being studied must demonstrate the effects of this disease on the organ as observed by the naked-eye examination. So, this book will aid in the medical study of diseases. As for spe- cialized surgical pathologists, the book will be a reference for them to describe or to aid in the diagnosis of some difficult cases which may be faced during their work in the lab. This atlas introduces the macroscopic appearances for undergraduate medical students and hopefully be of value to postgraduates undertaking pathology examinations. Important or fre- quently encountered disease processes besides some rare diseases are covered. Each illustra- tion is accompanied by a concise legend outlining the gross features important to notice during grossing. Emphasis is placed on how such patterns aid in the correct diagnosis of gross pathol- ogy. Also, this atlas will close the gap of this type of book, which is not present at this level of excellence in the region. Although the number of images of this atlas is a little bit limited (341 cases and 387 photos), what makes this atlas different is that it contains some of the rarest cases in pathology. For example, dermatofibrosarcoma of toes, APKD in horseshoe kidney, extensive bilharzial pol- yposis of colon, and many other cases. The images were photoshopped to enhance the appear- ance of the image. This book will represent a reference for the reader because of the simple description, the crisp sharp images, and the type of rare diseases covered that I may claim, not present in any similar atlases. Cairo, Egypt Gamal Dawood ix Contents 1 Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Respiratory System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3 Gastrointestinal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4 Liver and Gall Bladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5 Urinary System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 6 Male Genital System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 7 Female Genital System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 8 Breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 9 Lymphoreticular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 10 Endocrine System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131 11 Osseous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 12 Skin and Soft Tissues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 13 Central Nervous System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 xi About the Author Gamal Dawood was born in 1957 in Cairo (Egypt). He graduated from Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in 1982; then he worked for 1 year in MOH as a general practitioner and was appointed as a tutor of pathology at Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine in 1984. He got a diploma in dermatology during preparing for the first part of his master’s degree in pathology. The chief interest of Dr. Gamal Dawood is dermatopathology. His MS thesis is entitled (Clinicopathologic study of some adnexoid skin tumors) in which he developed a computer program for diagnos- ing such tumors in 1987. He was promoted as an assistant lecturer of pathology in 1987 to become one of two dermatopathologists in Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine until 1997 when he traveled to work in KSA. His PhD thesis in 1991 entitled (Cytophotometric study of some cutaneous lesions) was the first one of its kind in Egypt. He got his PhD in 1992 and was pro- moted to a lecturer of pathology. He worked abroad in 1997 as a consultant histopathologist in King Fahad Hospital in Al-Baha for 3 months; then he worked as a consultant histopathologist in King Abdulaziz Hospital and Oncology Centre in Jeddah for six consecutive years till 2003, where he was the only dermatopathologist in Jeddah and Mecca. Also, he worked in foreign universities teaching pathology in the Faculty of Medicine, Al-Mergeb University, Elkhoms, Aljamil, Gherian, and Arab University in Benghazi, Libya (2004). He became a professor of pathology in 2005. In 2009, he worked as a professor of pathology in the Faculty of Medicine in King Khalid University in Abha KSA, till 2010. In 2012, he became the head of the depart- ment of pathology until 2017 when he became professor emeritus. During this period, he developed and wrote a pathology syllabus for under- and postgraduate medical, dentistry, and pharmacy students. He organized three international conferences that gained CME hours from RCPath in the years 2017, 2018, and 2020. Prof. Gamal Dawood is the founder and chair of the board of Egyptian Society of Dermatopathology (ESDP) from 2018 till now. xiii Cardiovascular System 1 Diseases of the heart and blood vessels constitute a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Most cases arise from complications of atherosclerosis and hypertension. This chapter covers some common diseases of the heart and blood vessel. Pericardium Inflammatory lesions: Fibrinous pericarditis (Figs. 1.1 and 1.2), Tuberculous pericarditis (Fig. 1.3), healed pericardi- tis (Figs. 1.4–1.6). Heart Degenerative lesions: Brown atrophy of heart (Fig. 1.7), recent myocardial infarction (Figs. 1.8 and 1.9), healed myocardial infarction with mural aneurysm (Figs. 1.10 and 1.11). Growth alteration: Cardiomyopathy (Fig. 1.12), hyperten- sive heart failure (Fig. 1.13). Mechanical lesions: Rheumatic mitral and aortic valve ste- nosis (Figw. 1.14–1.16), aortic stenosis (Fig. 1.17). Inflammatory lesions: Acute bacterial endocarditis (Fig. 1.18), subacute bacterial endocarditis with mitral stenosis (Fig. 1.19). Blood Vessels Degenerative lesions: Atherosclerosis (Figs. 1.20–1.22). Inflammatory lesions: Syphilitic aortitis (Fig. 1.23). Mechanical lesions: Syphilitic aneurysm (Figw. 1.24 and 1.25), ruptured syphilitic aneurysm of aortic arch (Fig. 1.26). Fig. 1.1. Fibrinous pericarditis. The specimen consists of a heart with its pericardial sac opened. The parietal pericardium has been stretched out to display the visceral pericardium which is covered by a thick shaggy layer of fibrinous exudate, giving the “bread and butter” appear- ance described by Laennec © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 1 G. Dawood, Color Atlas of Human Gross Pathology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91315-1_1