I Collins POWERED BY COBUILD o n y o u r W orfc Phrasal Verbs Master the 400 most common phrasal verbs Jamie Flockhart & Cheryl Pelteret Contents 1 Basic actions 6 2 Actions with an object 10 3 Movement and change 14 4 Communication 18 5 Giving information 22 6 Planning and organizing 26 7 Discussions 30 8 Advice or warnings 34 9 Thinking and knowing 38 10 Feelings 42 11 Attitudes 46 12 Relationships 50 13 Socializing and leisure time 54 14 Sport and fitness 58 15 Travel and tourism 62 16 Clothing and fashion 66 17 Studying and learning 70 18 Jobs and careers 74 19 Business 78 20 Money and spending 82 21 Reporting in the media 86 22 Political events 90 23 Crime 94 24 Disaster and destruction 98 25 Helping and recovering 102 Appendices Learning phrasal verbs 106 Understanding common particles 107 Common nouns used with phrasal verbs 110 Answer key 112 Index 125 How to use this book Welcome to Work on your Phrasal Verbs! Who is this book for? The book is suitable for: • intermediate to advanced learners • learners who are CEF (Common European Framework) level B1+. You can use the book: • as a self-study course • as supplementary material on a general English course. Book structure Work on your Phrasal Verbs contains: • 25 units covering the 400 most common phrasal verbs • a comprehensive answer key • appendices which include a study guide with tips to help you remember phrasal verbs and use them correctly • an index to help you find phrasal verbs quickly and easily. The phrasal verbs in this book are grouped by topic to make them easier to remember and to help you use and understand them in everyday situations, from chatting with friends to reading a news story. The phrasal verbs are presented alphabetically and in large bold type over two pages in each unit, so that you can see them clearly and find them easily. Unit structure Each unit is presented over four pages. The first two pages of each unit present the phrasal verbs, together with full sentence definitions, examples and notes. The second two pages provide exercises to help you practise using the phrasal verbs. Each unit is self-contained, so you can study the units in any order, by selecting the topic you want to study. Work on your Phrasal Verbs How to use this book How to use this book Definitions The definitions of phrasal verbs are given in full sentences in simple, natural English. This allows you to see the typical patterns and grammatical behaviour of a word, as well as the meaning. Examples Each definition is followed by at least one example. All of the examples are taken from the Collins Corpus, a huge database of reai language from a variety of sources. The examples have been carefully chosen to show common patterns and typical uses of the phrasal verb, so that you can see how it is really used in English today. Notes Notes give you extra information, for example an alternative phrasal verb, or an opposite form. Informal and formal English Phrasal verbs are generally more common in spoken or informal English than in written or formal English. However, phrasal verbs can in fact be used in both formal and informal situations. In this book, both the unit title and the examples given at the phrasal verb can help to show you whether a phrasal verb is more likely to be used in an informal or formal situation. More informal situation: unit title phrasal verb example Socializing and leisure time come along We're qoinq out for dinner. Whv don't vou come alona with us? More formal situation: unit title phrasal verb example Reporting in the media meet with His comments met with areat public approval. If a phrasal verb meaning is particularly informal, this is shown after the meaning or in a NOTE. British and American English Most of the phrasal verbs in this book are used in both British and American English. However, there are sometimes cases where a phrasal verb or one of its definitions is more usual in either British or American English. This is shown after the meaning or in a NOTE. Exercises Each unit contains eight exercises designed to help you practise using all the phrasal verbs from the unit. The examples used in the exercises will help you to understand the phrasal verbs in context and help you to be more confident about using them correctly. You will find answers to all the exercises in the Answer key at the back of the book. Your turn! In addition to the exercises, each unit contains a Your turn! activity. These are designed to help you find further examples of the phrasal verbs from the unit, or to use the phrasal verbs to talk about your own ideas or experiences. Other titles Also available in this range are: • Work on your Accent • Work on your Idioms 5 Basic actions fall down If someone or something falls down when they have been in an upright position, they drop to the ground. He tripped and fell down. get off If you get off something that you are on, you move your body from it, usually onto the ground. He got off his bicycle. get out If you get out, you leave a place or a vehicle. We got out of the car. get up [1] When someone or something gets up or gets up something, they move from a lower position or level to a higher one. By the time we'd got up to the top of the hill, we were exhausted. I knew he would have difficulty getting up those steps. \2\ If you get up, you rise to a standing position after you have been sitting or lying down. He got up off the floor. SI When you get up, or when someone gets you up, you get out of bed. She decided it was time to get up. \Ne had to get the children up and dressed. go back If you go back, you return to a place where you were before. I have to go back to the US next week. It started to rain so I went back for my umbrella. go in When you go in, you enter a building. Let's go in and have some coffee. I pushed open the door of the office and went in. note The opposite of go in is go out. go into When you go into a room, building, or area, you enter it. She went into the bedroom and shut the door. go off If you go off somewhere, you leave the place where you were, usually in order to do something. He's gone off to work. Work on your Phrasal Verbs Basic actions UNIT 1 keep down If you keep down or if you keep your head down, you stay in a lying or low position in order to avoid being seen or attacked. The soldier signalled to him to keep down. lay down If you lay something down, you put it down on a surface. He laid the baby gently down on the changing table. move up If someone or something moves up or moves up a place, they go from a lower position to a higher one. The sun had moved up in the sky. We moved up the hill a few metres. I note j The opposite of move up is move down. run in If someone runs in from outside a room or building, they enter it, moving fast. I'll run in and get them. run into To run into a place means to enter it running. They had run into the nearest apartment and asked for help. run on If you run on, you continue to run in the same direction. I ran on ahead. run out CD If you run out of a room or building, you leave it, running. He ran out of the room and down the stairs. \2} If a substance runs out from somewhere, it flows from there. Water was running out from under the front door of the house. sit down If you sit down or sit yourself down, you lower your body until you are sitting on something. We were both looking for a place to sit down. She sat herself down beside me. ! NOTE The opposite of sit down is stand up. stand up If you stand up, you change your position so that you are standing rather than sitting or lying. The pupils stand up when the teacher comes into the room. I note I You can also use get up. turn back If you turn back or are turned back, you stop a journey and return towards the place you started from. It was getting dark, so we turned back. We were turned back by heavy snow. 7 Exercise 1 Match verbs 1-5 with particles A-E to make phrasal verbs from this unit. 1 stand / move / get A back 2 lay / sit / keep B out 3 run / get C down 4 go / turn D into 5 run / go E up Exercise 2 Complete the sentences. Choose the correct particles. 1 We enjoyed it and would really like to go on / in / back one day. 2 Could you run into / away / in and get my glasses? 3 It started raining so they turned out/on / back and went home. 4 Chloe went on / off/ into the shop and bought some water. 5 Grandma walked slowly, but the children ran on / with / onto. 6 Zack went onto / with / in and ordered a drink. Exercise 3 Match sentence halves 1-6 with A-F to make complete sentences. 1 Mrs Todd came running out A to get ourselves up. 2 A lot of the people B and scattered all over the floor. 3 I remember running into C were turned back at the border. 4 I went back to the kitchen D and stood at the side of the road. 5 The pile of books fell down E the playroom in tears. 6 We had until 7:15 F to continue cooking. Exercise 4 Match each phrasal verb 1-4 with its opposite meaning A-D. 1 go in A move down 2 move up B stand up 3 sit down run out 4 run in go out Exercise 5 Choose the best answer to complete the sentences. 1 After a while we all sat down / stood up / fell down to eat. 2 Someone fell down / stood up / went into in the middle of the hall and asked a question. 3 She went into /sat down / got up and walked across the room. 4 She laid the book down / moved the book up / ran the book out on the table. 5 I ran out / sat down / went into and slammed the door. 6 I need to get off / get out / turn back of New York for a while. Exercise 6 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box. get off run in move up lay down get up get out 1 Brody---------------------------------of bed at 8:30 this morning. 2 I need to---------------------------------early tomorrow for work. 3 He---------------------------------through the open door and sat down in the living room. 4 I saw something____________________that tree over there. 5 I took a fifty dollar bill and__________it__________ on the counter. 6 He____________________ his stool and went to the door. Work on your Phrasal Verbs Basic actions UNIT 1 Exercise 7 Make these sentences less formal. Replace the underlined words with the phrasal verbs in the box. get up go back go into move down sit down turnback 1 i forgot my glasses, so I had to stop and return home to fetch them. 2 Please do not enter the building without a permit. 3 In the winter, the goats descend the mountains from the high ground. 4 Are you planning to return to the UK after your trip abroad? 5 If you find it difficult to ascend the stairs, you are welcome to use the lift. 6 Please take a seat. Exercise 8 Read the following safety advice from a ski resort website. Underline all the phrasal verbs, then decide if the sentences that follow are true (7) or false (F). SKI SAFELY You must always sit down while using the chairlift. If you fall down on the slope, or if you fall from the chairlift, do not get up too quickly. If you fall from the chair lift, keep your head down until it is safe to stand up again. If you think you may be injured, lay your skis down on the ground and wait for help. Always stay with another person. Do not go off on your own. If it starts to snow heavily, you should consider turning back. 1 Always stand up on the chairlift. □ 2 If you are injured, ski to someone and ask for help. □ 3 It is safe to ski alone. □ 4 If it snows heavily, leave the slopes and return to your accommodation. □ 5 If you fall from the chairlift, get up quickly. □ 6 Keep you head down while on the chairlift. □ Your turn! Look for a website that gives advice about a sport or activity you'd like to try and find examples of the phrasal verbs in this unit. ft was hard •(or his nuothtV" hirvt up m'the ft\orr\mg. 9 Actions with an object let in If you let someone in, you allow them to come into a place, usually by opening the door for them. We rang the doorbell and someone came and let us in. light up To light something up means to shine light on or in it, so that it is bright and easy to see. The match lit up her face. look for If you look for something or someone, you try to find them. Someone came to the office looking for you. pick up If you pick something or someone up, you lift them up from a surface. The baby was crying so I picked her up. I note I You can also use lift up. put back If you put something back somewhere, you put it in the place it was in before it was moved. Shall I put it back in the box for you? put down If you put down someone or something that you are holding or carrying, you put them on the floor or on a table, bed, etc. He put the basket down and looked inside it. She put down her case and kissed him. I note I You can also use set down. NOTE The opposite of put down is pick up. put in If you put something in or put one thing in another, you put one thing inside another thing. I need to put a new battery in. He stood at the slot machine and put in a coin. put together If you put together an object or its parts, you join its parts to each other so that it can be used. It's very interesting to see how they put together these huge structures. I have all the parts here - 1 just need to put them together. note I The opposite of put together is take apart. put up If you put something up, you move it to a higher position. He put up the collar of his jacket. Anna put her feet up on the desk. 10 Work on your Phrasal Verbs Actions with an object UNIT 2 take away If you take something away from a place or position, you remove it from a place and put it somewhere else. She took her hands away from her eyes and looked. A waiter came to take away the plates. I note! The opposite of take away is put back. take back When you take something back, you take it to the place where you were before or where it was before. I filled a plastic bottle with water and took it back to the car. take into If you take someone or something into a place, you go with them there. I'll take you into town if you like. throw at If you throw an object at someone or something, you try to hit them with the object by throwing it. He threw a dart at the board. throw away If you throw something away, you get rid of it because you no longer want or need it. I can make soup with the leftover chicken, so don't throw it away. throw in If you throw something in or throw it in something, you casually put or drop it into something such as a container or mixture. Add a teaspoonful of salt, and throw in the rice. 'Have you got room for my bag in your car?' - 'Sure, throw it in.' I threw it in a drawer and forgot about it. throw out El If you throw out something, you throw it so that it moves quickly away from you. The fishermen threw the net out and could not pull it back in. She threw out handfuls of corn for the chickens. [H If you throw out something you no longer want, you get rid of it. They threw out their rubbish. I NOTE I You can also use throw away. turn off If you turn off a device or machine, you make it stop working using its controls. If it turns off, it stops working. George came in and turned off the radio. The heating turns off automatically at night. note You can also use switch off. I note I The opposite of turn off is turn on. turn on If you turn a device or machine on, you make it start working using its controls. If it turns on, it starts working. Shall I turn the lights on? The tap won't turn on. I note I You can also use switch on. 11