COLLINS MOLOGICAL CTIONARY For use in the Library DITION ONLY 1 Presented to the library of the UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO by ESTATE OF THE LATE PROFESSOR J, R. COCKBURN A COLLINS' ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY Collins* 'Dictionaries Continually Revised GRAPHIC DICTIONARY. Size, 81x6, 1226 pages. HOME DICTIONARY. Crown 8vo, 720 pages. MODERN DICTIONARY. Crown 8vo, 480pages. LARGE TYPE DICTIONARY. Crown 8vo, 448 pages. ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY. Crown 8vo, 416 pages. DICTIONARYOFSYNONYMS. 368pages,18mo. DICTIONARY OF DERIVATIONS. 400 pages, i8mo. 'GEM' DICTIONARY. 608 pages, size, 4X2J. FRENCH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 448 pages, size, 4x2J. SPANISH-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 448 pages, size, 4x2J. NEW CLEAR-TYPE DICTIONARY."2S8pages, size, 61x4J. ILLUSTRATED POCKET DICTIONARY. 320 pages, size, 5Jx4. Prices on Application COLLINS' ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY CONTAINING ROOTS AND DERIVATIONS AND EMBRACING THE MOST RECENT WORDS ILLUSTRATED a S cVv©<A ***-& 3 LONDON AND GLASGOW COLLINS* CLEAR-TYPE PRESS "RE FtB -91965 1 1)4 r» n o 2 Manufacturedin GreatBritain PREFACE The Etymological Dictionary of the English Language has been compiledwithadouble purpose inview. The vast circulationattained bythe cheaper forms of literature, together with the greatly increased range of criticism in periodicals and ne—wspapers, has brought intouse a considerable —number of new words some of them technical and scientific terms which require explanation. The incorporation of many such words and phrases in the Etymological Dictionary brings the book fully abreast of modern requirements, thus making it a boon tothe general reader. In addition, its comprehensiveness, conciseness, clarity, and accuracy render it eminently suitable for the schoolroom. The Orthography is that usuallyacceptedby lexicographers; but ^here authorities differ about the spelling or pronunciation of words, both forms are given. The Pronunciation of all words is indicated by a system of Phonetics, the correct sound being exhibited by re-spelling eachword inphonetic form, the syllabification, marked vowel sounds, and proper accentuation being distinctly shown. With the exception ofg, the consonants employed in the phonetic spellingretaintheirname sounds,andthevowels, unless marked,retain their short sounds; h represents the guttural h heard in 'loch.' The digraph aw represents the sound of a heard in 'fall'; ou the sound of ow heard in 'now'; oo, unmarked, the sound heard in 'book'; 6d the sound heard in 'moon.' The surd (sharp, unvoiced) sound of th is indi- cated by common letters, as in 'thin,' the sonant (flat, voiced) sound by small capitals, as in 'THen.' The following key to the long and peculiar vowel sounds, Fate, far, ado; mS, her; mine; note; tune; moon. being repeated at the foot of each page, should prove ofmuch service. The two Appendixes of Abbreviations and Foreign Words and Phrases give additional value to the book. The careful attention paid to the Etymology will result, it is hoped, in its being really instructive, and not merely formal. The most recent work in philological research has been consulted, and, as in the 'Home' Dictionary, the steps by which a word has reached its present form have been noted moreprecisely than is usual in such compilations. ;; List of Abbreviations a. , . adjective i.e. . id est (that ppr. . present parti- abl. . ablative is) ciple ace. . accusative imp. . imperative pref. . prefix ad. . adverb intens. . intensive prep. . preposition aux. . auxiliary inter. . interjection pret. . preterite cf. . confer (com- masc. . masculine pron. . pronoun pare) n. . noun smg. . singular comp. . . comparative neg. . negative suff. . suffix conj. . conjunction neut. . neuter superl. . superlative contr. . contraction orig. . originally svn. . synonym dim. . diminutive p.orpart. . participle v. . verb e.g. . exempli oralia pass. . passive v.i. . verb intransi- (forexample) Pi. . plural tive fem. . feminine PP. . pastparticiple r.t. . verbtransitive A. . Arabic Ger. . German orig. . originally A.F. . Anglo-French Goth. . Gothic Per. . Persian Afr. . African Gram. . Grammar perh. . perhaps Amer. . . American H. . Hebrew pert. . pertaining Anat. . . Anatomy Her. . Heraldry Peruv. . Peruvian Astr. . Astronomy Hind. . Hindustani Pg. . Portuguese Astrol. . . Astrology Hung. . Hungarian Phil. . Philology Austr. . . Australian Icel. . Icelandic Pol. . Polish Biol. . . Biology Imit. . Imitative prov. . provincial Bot. . Botany Ind. . Indian riv. . river BBrreatz.. . .. BBrraeztiolnian IIrt.. .. IIrtiaslhian rEt.. .. rEoootm.an C. . Centigrade L. . Latin Eiver cap. . capital 1. . line Khet. . Rhetoric Carib. . . Caribbean" m. . miles Puss. . Russian Celt. . . Celtic Mai. . Malayan Scand. . Scandinavian ch. . chapter Math. Mathematics Scot. . Scotland;Scot- Chin. . . Chinese M.D. . MiddleDutch tish cog. . cognate M.E., . MiddleEnglish Sculp. . Sculpture corr. . corruption Med. . Medicine Singh. . Singhalese D. . Dutch M3X. . Mexican Skr. . Sanskrit ED.an. . .. EDaasnti;sh M.H.(ler. . MidGdelremaHnigh SS.laAvf.r.I>. .. SSloauvtohnicAfrican English mi. . mountain Dutch Egypt . . Egyptian Mus. . Music Sp. . Spanish E. Ind. . East Indian Myth. . Mythology sq. . square Eestph.n. . .. Eestphencoiallolgyy NNa.t. Hist. .. NNaotrutrhal His- SSuwr.g. .. SSuwregdeirsyh Etym. . Etymology tory Syr. . Syriac FFa.hr. . .. FFarhernecnhheit NNaourtw.. .. .. NNaourtwiecgaliaafnfairs Ttne.ut. . .. Tteouwtnonic ^ fr. . from O.E. . . Old English Turk. . . Turkish ft. . feet O.F. . . Old French U.S. . . United States 6GGGae.eeoollm... ... ,... GGGGaeereooellemiokecgtyry 00.. LH..C<Jleert.. .. OOllmmddaaHLnniogwh GGeerr-- Zwo.ol. .. WZoeoWllesohsgty