Facebook Kệ Sách Zalo COBUILD: The source of authentic English Our explanations, examples, and special features are all based on our 4.5-billion-word database of the English language, the Collins Corpus, which means you can trust COBUILD to help you speak and write accurate and up-to-date English. The corpus is updated every month and has been at the heart of Collins COBUILD for more than 30 years. Facebook Kệ Sách Zalo Fourth Edition Managing Editor Penny Hands Corpus Research Julie Moore For the Publisher MareeAirlie Kerry Ferguson Lisa Todd Third Edition Managing Editor American English Penny Hands Consultant Orin Hargraves Senior Editor Kate Wild Computing Support Thomas Callan Project Management Gavin Gray For the Publisher Lisa Sutherland Lucy Cooper Kerry Ferguson Contributors Elaine Higgleton Sandra Anderson Rosalind Combley Lucy Hollingworth Laura Wedgeworth Founding Editor-in-Chief John Sinclair We would like to thank the following people for their contributions to previous editions of the text: MareeAirlie, Mona Baker, Maksymilian Baranowski, Michela Clari, Sue Crawley, Abkarovits End re, Gwyneth Fox, Gill Francis, Bob Grossmith, Ann Hewings, Zoe James, Yuan Kele, Lorna Knight, Ramesh Krishnamurthy, Paul Laurent.Alison Macaulay, Elizabeth Manning, Francisco Gomes de Matos, Alyson McGee, Sue Ogden, Wolf Paprotte, Liz Potter, Christina Rammell, Louise Ravel Ii, Maggie Seaton, Keith Stuart. John Todd, Martin Warren Contents Introduction ix Guide to the Usage xi Pronunciation Guide xvi Usage and Grammar section 1-599 Among the Usage notes are the following Grammar Finders: Adjectives 9 Adverbs and adverbials 15 Auxiliary verbs 66 Broad negatives 95 Clauses 117 Comparative and superlative adjectives 124 Comparative and superlative adverbs 129 Complements 131 Conjunctions 137 The continuous form 142 Contractions 142 Determiners 163 Ellipsis 184 Future time 226 The imperative 261 Infinitives 265 -ingforms 267 Inversion 274 Modals 316 Modifiers 318 Noun modifiers 344 Nouns 345 Objects 353 The passive 378 The past 380 Past participles 381 Phrasal modals 385 Phrasal verbs 385 Possessive determiners 391 Prepositions 395 The present 397 The progressive form 402 Pronouns 404 Quantity 411 Questions 417 Question tags 420 Relative clauses 428 Facebook Kệ Sách Zalo - Contents Reporting 435 Sentence connectors 464 The subjunctive 498 Subordinate clauses 499 That-clauses 518 Verb forms 546 Verbs 549 Wh-words 573 Topics section 601 Section A: Subject areas Age 602 Meals 605 Money 607 Names and titles 609 Pieces and amounts 613 Places 614 Time 622 Transport 628 Section B: Communication skills Addressing someone 629 Advising someone 632 Agreeing and disagreeing 634 Apologizing 637 Asking for repetition 639 Complimenting and congratulating someone 640 Criticizing someone 641 Emailing 642 Greetings and goodbyes 644 Intentions 646 Introducing yourself and other people 648 Invitations 650 Letter writing 652 Offers 655 Opinions 658 Permission 663 Reactions 665 Replies 669 Requests, orders, and instructions 671 Structuring your ideas 676 Suggestions 680 Talking on the phone 684 Thanking someone 686 Warning someone 689 Contents - Language change and society New words: innovation and creativity 692 The language of identity and gender 695 The language of mental health and disability 697 The language of social media 699 Reference section 703 Abbreviations 704 Capital letters 706 Days and dates 708 lrregularverbs 714 Measurements 717 Nationality words 723 Numbers and fractions 726 Plural forms of nouns 735 Punctuation 739 Spelling 747 Verb forms (formation of) 758 Glossary of grammatical terms 761 Index 773 - Introduction Welcome to the new edition of Collins COBUILD English Usage, for students from intermediate to advanced level, and for teachers of English. With the help of the Collins Corpus, now totalling 4.5 billion words, we have been able to update and revise this title so that it describes how people actually use English now. What is ·usage'? Usage deals with the essential details of language, involving aspects of grammar, meaning, idiom, and purpose. It looks at the way words a rearranged to express a particular meaning orto do a particular job. Most of the statements in this book are not generalizations, because usage deals with all the things that are not covered bythegeneral rules. However, there is no strict dividing line between grammar and usage. Forth is reason, you will also find entries on the most important grammatical points in English, integrated into the main usage section of the book. Extensive cross referencing helps you to move easily between entry-types. The book is divided into three main sections: Usage and Grammar, Topics, and a Reference section. There is also a new section on Language change and society. These last three sections are clearly marked in the shaded area at the side of each page. The Usage section A large number of the entries in the Usage section consist of short notes on individual words and phrases. Two words like although and though may be easily confused; or one word may need to go with another, for example afford needs to be preceded by can, could, or be able to. Other entries are longer: they might deal with words that have a lot of meanings, or they might focus on 'function words'; these are small words like and and that, which serve to express grammatical relationships between parts of a sentence. You can find out moreaboutanyofthegrammatical terms that are used in the explanations by looking at the relevant Grammar Finder entry. Using the evidence from our American corpus, we have also updated the coverage of American English forth is new edition. The Topics section The Topics section is divided into two subsections. The first, Section A, covers straightforward topics such as 'Meals', 'Places', and 'Transport'. The second, Section B, advises on functional aspects of English such as 'Agreeing and disagreeing', 'Apologizing', 'Thanking·, and ·warning'. It also covers certain areas of written English such as writing emails and letters. Language change and society This is a brand-new section where we report on the results of an extensive survey carried out into changes in English usage over the past decade. Facebook Kệ Sách Zalo