Collecting Data Number and Estimating with Multidigit Numbers Operations Dawn McMillan Quality Resources for Every Classroom Instant Delivery 24 Hours a Day Thank you for purchasing the following e-book –another quality product from Teacher Created Materials Publishing For more information or to purchase additional books and materials, please visit our website at: www.tcmpub.com For further information about our products and services, please e-mail us at: [email protected] To receive special offers via e-mail, please join our mailing list at: www.tcmpub.com/emailOffers 5301 Oceanus Drive Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030 800.858.7339 FAX 714.230.7070 www.tcmpub.com Collecting Data Estimating with Multidigit Numbers Dawn McMillan Table of Contents Publishing Credits Editor Sara Johnson Editorial Director Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Emily R. Smith, M.A.Ed. Meteorologists 6 Editor-in-Chief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sharon Coan, M.S.Ed. Predicting the Weather 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creative Director Lee Aucoin Getting the Forecast 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Publisher Rachelle Cracchiolo, M.S.Ed. Storm Chasers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Tornado Data 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Counting People 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collecting the Census 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data for All 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Image Credits Cities and Communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Town Planners 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The author and publisher would like to gratefully credit or acknowledge the following for permission to reproduce copyright material: cover; Istock Photos; title page, NOAA; p.4, U.S. Census Bureau; p.6, Jeff Planning for the Future 26 Greenberg / Alamy; p.7, JUPITERIMAGES / Brand X / Alamy; pp.8–9, NOAA; p.10, Getty Images; p.12, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corbis RF; p.13, NOAA; p.14 (left), Corbis RF, (right) NOAA; p.15, Jim Reed / CORBIS; p.16, U.S. Census Problem-Solving Activity 28 Bureau; p.17, Shutterstock; p.18, Getty Images; p.19, U.S. Census Bureau; p.20, Photos.com; p.21 FEMA; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . p.22, David R. Frazier Photolibrary, Inc. / Alamy; p.23, Istock Photos; p.24, U.S. Census Bureau; p.25, Bigstock Photos; pp.26–27, 123rf; pp.28–29, Photodisc Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Information on pages 16–19, 20–21, 22, 24 obtained from United States Census Bureau. Index 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . While every care has been taken to trace and acknowledge copyright, the publishers tender their apologies for any accidental infringement where copyright has proved untraceable. They would be Answer Key 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . pleased to come to a suitable arrangement with the rightful owner in each case. Teacher Created Materials Publishing 5301 Oceanus Drive Huntington Beach, CA 92649-1030 http://www.tcmpub.com ISBN 978-0-7439-0891-7 © 2008 Teacher Created Materials Publishing Data Data can be shared once it is collected. Tables and graphs make data easy to see and understand. Many people collect ddaattaa (DAY-tuh), or information, as part of their jobs. This data helps us better understand what happens in our world. Frequency Table This book looks at how sscciieennttiissttss and ccoommmmuunniittyy A frequency (FREE-kwun-see) table shows how (kuh-MYU-nuh-tee) workers collect data. often each item happens in a set of data. Precipitation from February to April Type of Precipitation Number of Days sleet/hail 5 snow 17 rain 27 no precipitation 40 Bar Graph A bar graph uses rectangles or bars. Each bar shows how often a piece of data occurs. Precipitation from February to April 50- sleet/hail 40 s snow y 40- a D 27 rain f 30- o no precipitation r 17 What Is Data? e 20- b m 5 u 10- Data is another word for information. N 0- People collect data for research (rih-SUHRCH). Type of Precipitation 4 5 Meteorologists Many meteorologists work at wweeaatthheerr ssttaattiioonnss. Some work on TV. Watch a local weather report. You might be watching a meteorologist! Meteorologists (mee-tee-uh-RAW-luh-jistz) collect and learn about weather data. They make weather maps. They ffoorreeccaasstt weather changes. Meteorologists use computers to help them make sense of their weather data. Wild Wind In April 1934, a wind gust of 231 miles per hour (372 km/h) raced across the top of Mount Washington in New Hampshire. This is still the record for the fastest wind gust ever measured on Earth. 6 7 Predicting the Satellites SSaatteelllliitteess (SAT-uh-lites) also collect weather data. Weather This data might be how much rainfall an area had. It might be wind speed. Meteorologists use satellite data to help them Weather Balloons forecast weather for a day. They also use satellite data to help them forecast cclliimmaattee (KLY-muht) changes. Weather balloons carry instruments used to measure the weather. Meteorologists launch weather balloons from weather stations. In the United States, the National Weather Service launches more than 90 balloons a day. Weather Balloon Data Height (Feet) Air Temperature Above Sea Level (Farenheit) 2,050 55° 4,100 43° 6,150 32° 8,200 23° 10,250 18° 12,300 9° A weather balloon collected this air temperature data. Satellite map of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 A meteorologist launches a weather balloon. 8 9 Radar Getting the Meteorologists also use rraaddaarrss (RAY-dars) to collect Forecast data. Radars scan the skies. They beam back data about storms. Radars can even give information about which storms may turn into tornadoes (tore-NAY-dohs). Meteorologists show weather data in ways we can understand. Weather maps and charts may show tteemmppeerraattuurree (TEM-puhr-chur) and rainfall. We can find the weather forecast on the radio, the TV, and even on the Internet. Daily Data You use data when you look at weather forecasts. This data helps you to decide how to dress for the day. LOS ANGELES FORECAST High Low Wed Clear 71° | 57° Thu Clear 70° | 55° Fri Warm 77° | 60° Sat Partly cloudy 68° | 51° Sun Rain 66° | 55° Radar image as Hurricane Isabel hits land in 2003 10 11 Storm Chasers In the tornado season, scientists want to learn more about the storms. So, they become “storm chasers.” They use data from weather maps and satellite photos to find The American Midwest has the world’s most the storms. Then, they go out and follow the storms to dangerous thunderstorms and tornadoes. May 2003 collect more data. made weather history. There were 543 tornadoes counted that month. This is still a weather record today. Terrible Twisters (cid:53)(cid:53) (cid:181)(cid:181)(cid:52)(cid:52) (cid:38)(cid:38) (cid:57)(cid:57)(cid:49)(cid:49)(cid:45)(cid:45)(cid:48)(cid:48)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:38)(cid:38) (cid:46)(cid:46)(cid:66)(cid:66)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:73) There were 2 terrible days in 1974. During (cid:38)(cid:38) (cid:45)(cid:45) these days, 148 tornadoes hit the Midwest. In 6 of these tornadoes, winds were faster The U.S. tornado season starts from late than 261 miles per hour (420 km/h). winter and can last through mid-to-late summer. The table below shows the number of tornadoes in the 2007 season. This storm chaser uses equipment to collect data. U.S. 2007 Tornado Season Month Number of Tornadoes March 171 April 165 May 251 June 128 July 69 August 73 a. Round the number of tornadoes each month to the nearest ten. b. Add your rounded numbers to estimate how many tornadoes there were during these 6 months. 12 13 Tornado Data Dr. Bluestein decided that this type of storm chasing was too difficult. It was also too dangerous! Now he chases storms in a special truck. Dr. Bluestein drives Dr. Howard Bluestein is a university professor. He is near the storm but not in front of it. He measures the also a storm chaser! For many years, Dr. Bluestein and wind in and around the tornado. his team would race in front of a tornado. They would Scientists are still learning how a tornado forms from place weather instruments in its path to get data. a thunderstorm. Storm chasers are helping them learn. Tornado Strengths Type of Wind Speeds Tornado weak <110 miles per hour (177 km/h) strong 110–205 miles per hour (177–330 km/h) violent >205 miles per hour (330 km/h) 14 15