1 2 3 4 COLLECTED PAPERS ON x 6 ALEXANDER THE GREAT 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Professor Ernst Badian (1925–2011) was one of the most infl uential Alexander his- 4 torians of the twentieth century. His fi rst articles on the subject appeared in 1958, 5 and he continued for a full fi fty years to reshape scholarly perception of the reign of 6 Alexander the Great. A steady output of articles was reinforced by lectures and 7 reviews in his own formidable style. Badian’s earliest work transformed understand- 8 ing of aspects of the Roman Republic, and he continued to work on that area 9 throughout his career; but his series of studies of Alexander the Great (which he 0 deliberately never summed up in a synoptic work) demolished the hero of his prede- 1 cessors such as Droysen and Tarn, whom he regarded as starry-eyed hero- 2 worshippers, and created an Alexander on the model of a twentieth-century tyrant. 3 The Alexander who was a ruthless killer of his rivals and those who disagreed with 4 him, a mass-murderer in his conquests, and perhaps even an incompetent imperial- 5 ist, has superseded the Alexander whose mission it was to bring Greek civilization to 6 the ends of the earth. These essays and articles provide a new layer in the interpre- 7 tation of a fi gure who has not ceased to fascinate since his death in 323 B C . 8 Many of these articles were published in out-of-the-way journals and confer- 9 ence volumes, and are brought together here for the fi rst time in a collection 0 which will provide student and scholar with a view of the full range of Badian’s 1 work on Alexander. Certain ephemeral pieces and all reviews except one have 2 been excluded, by the wish of the author. The twenty-seven articles included 3 were all revised by the author before his death, but there has been no other edi- 4 torial intervention. The volume also includes a portrait, and an introduction by 5 Eugene Borza surveying Badian’s career and contribution. No one who works 6 on Alexander the Great can afford to be without this book. 7 8 Ernst Badian was John Moors Cabot Professor of History (Emeritus) at Harvard 9 University, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1999 0 he received the Austrian Cross of Honor for Science and Art. In 1974 he was 1 instrumental in founding the Association of Ancient Historians, the largest and 2 most infl uential society for the study of ancient history in North America. 3 4 Eugene N. Borza is Professor Emeritus, the University of Pennsylvania. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 Professor Ernst Badian at the Macedonian capital of Pella, 1973. Photo courtesy of Eugene N. Borza. 4 1 2 3 4 COLLECTED PAPERS x 6 ON ALEXANDER 7 8 THE GREAT 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 Ernst Badian 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 1 This collection fi rst published 2012 2 by Routledge 3 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 4 Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada 5 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 6 7 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 8 © 2012 The Estate of Ernst Badian. 9 The right of Ernst Badian to be identifi ed as the author has been asserted in 1 accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or 1 utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now 1 known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in 1 any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. 1 1 Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation 1 without intent to infringe. 1 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 1 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 2 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 2 Badian, E. 2 Collected papers on Alexander the Great / Ernst Badian. 2 p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 2 1. Alexander, the Great, 356–323 B.C. 2. Greece—History— 2 Macedonian Expansion, 359–323 B.C. I. Title. 2 DF234.B284 2012 938'.07092—dc23 2 2 2011036811 2 ISBN: 978-0-415-37828-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-12526-7 (ebk) 3 3 Typeset in Baskerville by Refi neCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 1 2 3 4 x To 6 Richard Stoneman 7 Scholar and Promoter of Scholarship 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 CONTENTS x 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 List of illustrations x 4 Foreword xi 5 RICHARD STONEMAN 6 Introduction xiii 7 EUGENE N. BORZA 8 9 0 1 ‘Alexander the Great and the Unity of Mankind’. H istoria 1 7 (1958), 287–306 1 2 3 2 ‘The Eunuch Bagoas’. C lassical Quarterly n.s. 8 (1958), 4 144–52 20 5 6 3 ‘The Death of Parmenio’. T ransactions and Proceedings of the 7 American Philological Association 91 (1960), 324–338 36 8 9 4 Review of L. Pearson, T he Lost Histories of Alexander the 0 Great. Gnomon 33 (1961), 660–67 48 1 2 3 5 ‘Harpalus’. J ournal of Hellenic Studies 81 (1961), 16–43 58 4 5 6 ‘Alexander the Great and the Loneliness of Power’. 6 Australasian Universities Modern Languages 7 Association (1962), 80–91 96 8 9 7 ‘The Death of Philip II’. P hoenix 17 (1963), 244–250 106 0 1 8 ‘The Date of Clitarchus’. P roceedings of the African Classical 2 Association 8 (1965), 5–11 113 3 4 vii CONTENTS 9 ‘Orientals in Alexander’s Army’. J ournal of Hellenic Studies 1 85 (1965), 160–161 120 2 3 4 10 ‘Alexander the Great and the Greeks of Asia’. S tudies in 5 Honour of V. Ehrenberg (Blackwell 1966), 37–69 124 6 7 11 ‘Agis III’. H ermes 95 (1967), 170–192 153 8 9 12 ‘A King’s Notebooks’. H arvard Studies in Classical Philology 1 72 (1968), 183–204 174 1 1 13 ‘Nearchus the Cretan’. Y ale Classical Studies 24 (1975), 1 147–170 193 1 1 14 Review of K. Kraft, D er ‘rationale’ Alexander. Gnomon 47 1 1 (1975), 48–58 211 1 1 15 ‘The Battle of the Granicus’. A ncient Macedonia 2 (1977), 2 271–293 224 2 2 16 ‘The Deifi cation of Alexander the Great’. S tudies in Honour 2 of Charles Edson , Institute of Balkan Studies (1981), 27–71 244 2 2 17 ‘Greeks and Macedonians’. S tudies in the History of Art 10 2 ( Symposium series 1) (1982), 33–51 282 2 2 18 ‘Alexander at Peucelaotis’. C lassical Quarterly 37 (1987), 2 3 117–128 311 3 3 19 ‘The Ring and the Book’. F estschrift G. Wirth , ed. W. Will 3 (1988), 605–625 325 3 3 20 ‘Agis III: Revisions and Refl ections’ in I. Worthington (ed) 3 Ventures into Greek History (Oxford University Press 1994), 3 258–292 338 3 3 21 ‘Alexander the Great between Two Thrones and Heaven’ 4 in A. Small (ed) S ubject and Ruler; Journal of Roman Archaeology 4 Supplement 17 (1996), 11–26 365 4 4 4 viii CONTENTS 1 22 ‘The King’s Indians’. A ntiquitas 46 (1998), 205–224 386 2 3 23 ‘A Note on the “Alexander Mosaic”’ in F. B. Titchener and 4 R. F. Morton Jr (eds), T he Eye Expanded (University of x California Press 1999), 75–92 404 6 7 24 ‘Conspiracies’ in A. B. Bosworth and E. J. Baynham (eds), 8 Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction (Oxford University Press 9 2000), 50–95 420 0 1 2 25 ‘Darius III’. H arvard Studies in Classical Philology 100 (2000), 3 241–67 457 4 5 26 ‘Plutarch’s Unconfessed Skill’ in Th. Hantos (ed) L aurea 6 Internationalis, Festschrift. J. Bleicken (Franz Steiner Verlag 7 2003), 26–44 479 8 9 27 ‘Once More the Death of Philip II’ in A ncient Macedonia VII, 0 Institute of Balkan Studies (2007), 389–406 496 1 2 3 Index 512 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 ix 1 2 3 4 ILLUSTRATIONS 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 18.1 The Indus region 312 1 21.1 Plan of Pasargadae 377 1 22.1 Persepolis, Apadana, Eastern Stairway. Procession no. XIV: 1 The Gandarans(?) 393 1 22.2 Persepolis, Apadana, Eastern Stairway. Procession no. XVIII: 1 The Maka 394 1 22.3 Persepolis, Apadana, Eastern Stairway. Procession no. XXIII: 1 The Ethiopians 395 2 22.4 Persepolis, Façade of Artaxerxes I. Indian Delegation from 2 Hindush 396 2 22.5 French drawing of the Indian Delegation from Hindush 397 2 22.6 Herzfeld’s drawing of the Indian Delegation from Hindush 397 2 23.1 The ‘Alexander Mosaic’. Originally from the House of the Faun, 2 Pompeii, now in the Museo Archeologico-Nazionale di Napoli. 2 © Lebrecht Music and Arts Photo Library / Alamy 405 2 23.2 Alexander pursuing Darius. Apulian amphora from Ruvo, attrib- 2 uted to the ‘Darius Painter’, c. 330 BC , Museo Archeologico 2 Nazionale di Napoli (3220). © The Art Archive / Alamy 408 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 x