\..J $3.95 A VikinCgo mpasBso ok " - .- ecte ....a ........ _ssays eorge • • _1ct e1m "Ina fervtoilluem teh ilse arnsekde ptoiffce rs wel-rlipenetdh emefsr omr ecenyte ar.s. ..I f you"\ Vanttou nderstatnhder ootosfo ur2 0th­ centurpyr edicameLnitc,h theiimsa n enor­ moush elp." -RossT errlil, TheN e1Yvo rTki meBso okR eviezu ALSO BY GEORGE LICHTHEIM MaxrisAmn:H istoarniCdcr ailt Siutdcya l TheN ewE urope MarxisimnM odeFrrna nce TheC ocnepotfI deology TheO rigionfSs oc ialism A ShoHrits toofSr oyc iisaml GeorLguek acs Impiearlism Euroipnte h Tew entCieetntuhr y "' �I COLLECTED - I ESSAYS GeoLrigceh theim · TheV ikPirnegsN seY wo rk · Copyrig1h95t1 ,1 952,1 954,© 1955,1 956,1 958,1 959,1 9601,9 63, 19641,9 65,1 9661,9 671,9 681,9 691,9 73b yG eorgLei chtheim Allr ighrtess erved VikinCgo mpasEsd ition Issueidn1 974b yT heV ikinPgr esIsn,c . 625 MadisoAnv enu,eN ew YorkN,. Y.10 022 DistribuitnCe adn adbay TheM acmillCaonm panoyf C anadLai mited SBN 670-25247-4( hardbound) 670-50609-x(p aperbound) LibraorfyC ongrecsast alcoagr ndu mber7:2 -75971 PrintiendU .S.A. Someo ft hesees saoyrsi ginaaplpleya redC aimnb ridJgoeu rnCaolm,m entary, DisseEnntc,o unteTrh,e L istener, "fi1Niedws Sttraetaems,m Tahne, New YorRke vieowf B ooksP,a rtiRseavni eSwu,r veya,n dT he TwentieCtehn tury. Acknowledgmiesmn atd et ot hef ollowpiunbgl ications forp ermisstioor ne pritnhtee ssaiynsd icated: ForeiAgffna ir"sW:h atI sL efotf C ommunism?" Copyrigh1t9©6 7b yt heC ouncoinlF oreiRgenl atioInnsc,N. e,w York. Histoarnyd T heor"yS:a rtMraer,x isamn,d H istory," Copyri©g h1t963b yW esleyaUnn iversity. "BridgitnhgeG ap,C"o pyri©g h1t966b yW esleyUanni versity. Io urnoaflt heH istoorfyP hilosophy: Bookr evieowfL eszeKko lakowssM kair'x isamn dB eynod: On HistorUincdaelr stanadnidnI gn dividRueaslp onsibility. Copyri©g h1t97b1y t heJ ourlno aft heH istoorfyP hilosopIhncy., Reprintferdo mt heJ ournoaftl h eH istoorfyP hilosophy, VIIN,o .4 (Octob1e9r6 9)4,7 4-7b7y,p ermissoifot nh eE ditor. TheP olitiQcuaalt ter"lSyt:a liniOscmt,o"b e1r95 0. TheT imeLsi terSaurpyp lement: "TheC oncepotfS ociCalla ssO,c"t ober1 987,1 To Miriam .. ltAtPHW .S TEENL IBRARY ST EPEHNF .A USTSITNA TUEN IVERSITY NACOGDOCHES.TEXAS ? ;. t,.,: .�.. ;• . '. ' ''. n .i,� .. . � .. " .- ,)',- . .• t .. � 1roeodwr THE ESSAYASND REVIEWS assmebleidn t hisv olumwee rew ritten andp ublishoevde arp erioodft wod ecad.Ie tsa pperast om et hat therye fleccetr tauindne rlyicnongce rnsw hich hanvoeta ltered witthh ep assionfgti me,b utt hej udgemntm ustb el efttot he readeTrh.eb ookis n ota critiacnatlh oyl,on gor iitas n a ttempt top uta particvuileaworp inatc orssT.h eriesh evaye mphasoins politictaolp ibcust n o haedrentcoea nythitnhgac to ulbde d e­ srcibeadsa partyli neT.h eraer el ikieesw sporadaitct empttos deal wliitthe raanrdyp hilohsiocpamla ttearlst hough tnhoet in usuaalc ademmiacn neOrn.b alantchee riesa gradusahiflt f rom politicatlos ociologsiucbeajclt bsu,tI s houlsdt atthea atl,t hough I am heaviliyn debtteodc ontemporsaorcyi oyl,o amgI nota trainesdoi cologniosrt p ar ofesshiiosntaolir inta hnec onveonntail meanionfgt het erm. Some otfh e opineixopernsss edt hei vna rioeusassy sa ndr e­ viewtsh amta keu p thev olummea ys rtikteh er eadearso ld­ fashioannedd 1,a m inf acmto reh eaivliyn debtteotd h ep hilos­ ophyh,i tsorya,n ds oicoloogfyt hen ineteecnetnhrt yut hani s cusotmarya mongp reesnt-dwaryi teornst hesteo picIs h.a ve brougthogte thmerat erioaftl h em ostv arisedha peasn d lsetsy, buta ll dweiatlih s sutehsa Ith appetnor egaradsc entratl ot he presetinmte .I trustI havel earnesdo mtehinfgr omm odem scholarsahnidpf romt hel iteurraeot ft hep asfto udre cadbeust, my institnicvsey mpathliieew si tth her epreentsativteh inkoefr s the atgheae tn deidn i 914. Thifso reword woulcdo mnpolteif t bIee dniodt a cknowledge thew ork ElisSaibfteotnh hast ord eonndee r mattheer :fiitaf lo r publicaitnbi ooonfk o rm. GEORGLEI CHTHEIM London Spetem1b97e2 r Cotentns Foreworixd THERE 'LL ALW AYS BE AN EN GLAND WinstCohnu rlclh-kiSetfcorh aP ortrait 3 PosteirtiBnarptlia i2n9 Frotmh Reu ison fE mpire 53 Shatwh,We e bbasn,td he L abour Party6 9 PrometUhnebuso u8n3d Hobswbma'Csh oi9c0e A StetdlH eaboifBt e ahvior 96 ThBe itrho faP hilosopher io4 ThIeul slniios1t1 1 A M ER ICA S EEN FR O M A DISTANCE ThPeo liotf1i 9c7s0 117 ThPer ivPahtiel os1o2p8h y ThNee wS ceicn:ee eTlhse arS ecio olosgti int heo use1?'3'4 II ThTer iumopfh F tahce1t 5 0 BirdgitnhGgea p1 56 ThReo mancoefM axE astm1a36n