COLD GAS AT HIGH REDSHIFf ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY VOLUME 206 Executive Committee W. B. BURTON, Ste"ewacht, Leiden, The Netherlands J. M. E. KUUPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands E. P. J. V AN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University ofA msterdam, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands Editorial Board I. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Konigstuhl, Germany J. N. BAHCALL, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A. F. BERTOLA, Universittl di Padova, Italy W. B. BURTON, Sterrewacht, Leiden, The Netherlands J. P. CASSINELLI, University ofW isconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C. J. CESARSKY, Centre d' Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France J. M. E. KUIJPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands R. McCRAY, University of Colorado, JILA, Boulder, U.sA. P. O. MURDIN, Royal Greenwich Observatory, Cambridge, U.K. F. PACINI,Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India F. H. SHU, University of California, Berkeley, U.SA. B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia S. TREMAINE, CITA, University of Toronto, Canada Y. TANAKA, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University ofA msterdam, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands N. O. WEISS, University of Cambridge, U.K. COLD GAS AT HIGH REDSHIFT Proceedings of a Workshop Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope, held in Hoogeveen, The Netherlands, August 28-30, 1995 Edited by M. N. BREMER P.P. VANDER WERF H. J. A. ROTIGERING Leiden Observatory, The Netherlands and C. L. CARILLI National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, New Mexico, U.S.A. KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LONDON A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7273-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1726-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1726-2 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. CONTENTS Preface ................................ xi Introduction: Cold Gas at High Redshift Cold Gas at High Redshift. . . . . . Colin A. Norman and Robert Braun Cold Gas and Evolution at Low to Moderate Redshift CO in Ultraluminous and High z Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 N.Z. Scoville, M.S. Yun, and P.M. Bryant Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies: Dissipation in Forming Spheroidal Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ;n Paul P. van del' Werf The Neutral Hydrogen Distribution in Luminous Infrared Galaxies 47 J.E. Hibbard and M.S. Yun Molecular Gas and Dust in Infrared Luminous Galaxies . . 55 U.Lisenfeld, R.E. Hills, S.J.E. Radford, and P.M. Solomon The Evolution of the Far-infrared Galaxy Population. 61 Michael Rowan-Robinson The European Large Area ISO Survey: ELAIS 77 S.J. Oliver Keck Observations of J-lJy Radio Sources: Hints to Galaxy Evolution 85 James D. Lowenthal and David C. Koo VI Theoretical Aspects Small Scale Structure and High Redshift HI. . . . . . . . . . .. 93 D.H. Weinberg, L. Hernquist, N.S. Katz, and J. Miralda-Escude Are the Lyman Alpha Forest "Clouds" Expanding Pancakes? Some Theoretical Implications of the Recent Size Determinations of Lyo: Absorbers ....................... , 109 M.G. Haehnelt On the Distribution of Intergalactic Clouds 115 Stanislaw Bajtlik = Disk Galaxies at z 0 and at High Redshift . 121 G. Kauffmann Warm Gas at High Redshift. Clues to Gravitational Structure Formation from Optical Spectroscopy of Lyman Alpha Ab- sorption Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Michael Rauch Gas in Clusters H I Imaging of Clusters. 145 Jacqueline van Gorkom An H I Survey of the Bootes Void 159 A. Szomoru An H I Study of Ursa Major Spirals. Dark Matter in Spirals and the TF -relations ........................ 165 M.A. W. Verheijen H I at High Redshift 171 A. G. de Bruyn Butcher-Oemler Effect and Radio Continuum K.S. Dwarakanath and F.N. Owen Warm Molecular Gas in AGNs and Cooling Flows 195 Walter Jaffe, Malcolm Bremer, and Roderick Johnstone The Search for Cold Gas in the Intracluster Medium 199 Christopher P. O'Dea and Stefl A. Baum X-ray Observations of Cold Gas in Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 R.M. Johnstone Vll Absorption Measurements Absorption Measurements of Molecular Gas 215 F. Combes and T. Wiklind ANew Molecular Absorption Line System. The Gravitational = Lens PKS 1830-211 at z 0.88582 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 227 T. Wiklind and F. Combes Deep HST Imaging of a Damped Lyman a Absorbing Galaxy at = z 2.81 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2~{3 P. M ¢ZZer and S.J. Warren Associated X-ray Absorption in High Redshift Quasars. 239 Martin Elvis and Fabrizio Fiore Opacity of Singly Ionized Helium from Very Tenuous Intergalactic Absorbing Gas ........................ , :l45 W. Zheng Heavy Elements in the Lyman-a Forest: Abundances and Clus- = tering at z 3 ......................... 249 D.S. Womble, W.L. W. Sargent, and R.S. Lyons Absorption Lines from Cold Gas in Extragalactic Superbu bbles. Ti II and Ca II Absorption Towards the Superbubhle LMC2 in the Large Magellanic Cloud ................ 255 Adeline Caulet Gravitational Lenses and Damped Lya Systems. 261 A. Smette HI 21 em Line Observations of Damped Lya Systems. . . . . .. 267 C. Carilli, W. Lane, A.G. de Bruyn, R. Bral1,n, and G./(. Miley A Radio Search for High Redshift H I Absorption . . . . . . 279 J.N. Chengalur, A.G. de Bruyn, R. Braun, and C. Carilli Testing z ~ 0 Analogs for the Damped Lyman a Absorbers 285 F.H. Briggs and E. Sorar Vlll Interstellar Medium in Distant Galaxies Molecular Gas in High Redshift Galaxies .... Simon J. E. Radford CO, C I and (Possibly) HCN in the Cloverleaf Quasar 301 Richard Ba'rvainis Searching for Molecular Gas in a Radio Galaxy at Redshift ;{.8 :W5 R.J. Ivison, P. Papadopoulos, E.R. Seaquist, and S.A. Eales Thermal Emission from Dust in High-z Galaxies .. . . 311 David H. Hughes Submillimetre Observations of QSOs at Redshifts z > 4 :{25 K. G. Isaak, R. E. Hills, S. Wlzitlzington, and R. G. McMahon 1.25 mm Detection of 7 Radioquiet QSOs with Very High z .. :{31 A. Omont, R.G. McMahon., P. Cox, E. Kreysa, and J. Berge-ron Radiative Transfer Models for IRAS F10214+4724 and other Hy- :{:n perluminous Galaxies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S.M. Green and M. Rowan-Robiniwn IR and X-rays from IRAS F10214+4724: a Hidden AGN? 34;{ G.L. Granato, A. Franceschini, and L. Danese Gas and Dust in high z radio galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 P.J. McCarthy Kinematics and H I Absorption in Lya Halos around z > 2 Radio Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;{6;{ Huub Rottgering The Lya Velocity Field of the Radio Galaxy 4C41.17 (z = :{.8) with TIGERjCFHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ;{67 B. Rocca-Volmerange The Effect of a Surrounding Cooling Flow on a Powerful Radio Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . :H3 M.N. Bremer, A.C. Fabian, and C.S. Crawford An HST Look at Dust in 3CR Galaxies .... S.A. Baurn, S. de Kojj, W. Sparks, J, BiTetta, D. Golornbek, D. Macchetto, G. Miley, and P. McCarthy Detailed Studies of the Lyman Alpha Kinematics in 2104-242 . ;{85 A.M. Koekernoer, W.J.M. van Breugel, P.J. McCarthy, and J. Bland-Hawthorn Orientation Effects in Quasar Spectra: Dust and Obscuration . . ;{91 Joanne C. Baker and Richard W. Hunstead IX Effects of Dust and Resonance Scattering on the UV Spectrum of Radio Galaxies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. :{97 M. Villar-Martin, L. Binette, and R.A.E. FosbuTY HST Observations of Radio Galaxies at z"" 1 ........ 403 P.N. Best Instrumental Developments Studies of Cold Gas in the Early Universe with Large Millimeter Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411 Robed L. Bmwn Strategies for Galaxy Surveys in the Submillimetre Waveballd . . 42;{ A. W. Blain Considerations for Detecting CO in High Redshift galaxies. . . . 129 Frank P. ismel and Paul P. van deT Wer! Future Possibilities for Detecting H I at High Redshift .. . . . . 4:H Robed Bmun SPH Simulations ofthe Early Universe. Performance of the Dwinge- 100 Square Kilometer Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 D.R. ingmm, N. Katz, D.H. WeinbeTg, and L. Hernq'llist Searches for H I Emission from Protoclusters using the Giant Me trewave Radio Telescope - Observational Strategies . . . . . 457 C. SwaTup Index ................................. 46:1 PREFACE Recent years have seen increasing evidence that the main epoch of galaxy formation in the universe may be directly accessible to observation. An gular fluctuations in the background relict radiation have been detected by various ground-based instruments as well as by the COBE satellite, and suggest that the epoch of galaxy formation was not so very early. Combined optical and radio studies have found galaxies at redshifts above 2.0, systems that at least superficially show the characteristics expected of large galaxies seen only shortly after their formation. And absorption lines in the spectra of quasars seem to be telling us that most cold gas at early to intermediate cosmological epochs was in clouds having roughly galaxy sized masses. What kinds of new observations will best help us study this high redshift universe in future? What new instruments will be needed? These are questions that loom large in the minds of the Dutch astronom ical community as we celebrate 25 years of operation of the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. Celebration of this Silver Jubilee has included a birthday party (on 23 June, 1995), a commemorative volume looking at both the history and the future of the facility ("The Westerbork Observa tory, Continuing Adventure in Radio Astronomy," Kluwer 1996), and an international workshop, held in the village of Hoogeveen on 28-30 August, 1995. That workshop, the proceedings of which are presented in this vol ume, focussed on one of the main scientific activities of the instrument, indeed of the Dutch community in general, exploration of the extragalactic universe via the observation of cosmic gas in its various manifestations. Of course, astronomy these days seldom confines itself to a single portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, so the scope of the workshop covered not only studies at radio frequencies but also in millimeter, infrared, optical and even higher frequency bands. In the event, 79 participants from 9 countries came to Hoogeveen to con sider what can be learned about the early universe from the study of cold gas. As readers of the proceedings will agree, the state of knowledge in the field was well summarized at the workshop, even though the definition of "cold" used by participants clearly covered quite a broad range of temper atures! The interest of the Dutch community in the field was if anything strengthened and broadened at the workshop and our thinking about the future stimulated. On the short term that future will in any case include an upgraded and