Cognition and Communication in the Evolution of Language OXFORD STUDIES IN BIOLINGUISTICS GENERALEDITOR CedricBoeckx,ICREAandUniversitatdeBarcelona ADVISORYEDITORS Anna Maria Di Sciullo, Université du Québec à Montréal; Simon Fisher, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics: Tecumseh Fitch, Universität Wien; Angela D.Friederici,MaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciences;Andrea Moro,Vita-SaluteSanRaffaeleUniversity;KazuoOkanoya,BrainScienceInstitute, Riken; Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini, University of Arizona; David Poeppel, NewYorkUniversity;MaggieTallerman,NewcastleUniversity TheBiolinguisticEnterprise:NewPerspectiveson theEvolutionandNatureoftheHumanLanguageFaculty editedbyAnnaMariaDiSciulloandCedricBoeckx PhonologicalArchitecture:ABiolinguisticPerspective byBridgetD.Samuels ComputationalPhenotypes:TowardsanEvolutionary DevelopmentalBiolinguistics bySergioBalariandGuillermoLorenzo LanguageDowntheGardenPath:TheCognitiveand BiologicalBasisforLinguisticStructures editedbyMontserratSanz,ItziarLaka,andMichaelK.Tanenhaus CognitionandCommunicationintheEvolutionofLanguage byAnneReboul Recursion:AComputationalInvestigationintothe RepresentationandProcessingofLanguage byDavidJ.Lobina The series welcomes contributions from researchers in many fields, including linguisticcomputation,languagedevelopment,languageevolution,cognitiveneuro- science, and genetics. It also considers proposals which address the philosophical and conceptual foundations of the field, and is open to work informed by all theoreticalpersuasions. Cognition and Communication in the Evolution of Language ANNE REBOUL 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxford,OXDP, UnitedKingdom OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwide.Oxfordisaregisteredtrademarkof OxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountries ©AnneReboul Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted FirstEditionpublishedin Impression: Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthe priorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermitted bylaw,bylicenceorundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographics rightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeofthe aboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,atthe addressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisworkinanyotherform andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyOxfordUniversityPress MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NY,UnitedStatesofAmerica BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressControlNumber: ISBN –––– PrintedinGreatBritainby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc LinkstothirdpartywebsitesareprovidedbyOxfordingoodfaithand forinformationonly.Oxforddisclaimsanyresponsibilityforthematerials containedinanythirdpartywebsitereferencedinthiswork. In memory of my brother, Dominique Reboul (–) OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,9/1/2017,SPi Contents Generalpreface x Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations xiii . Introduction  . Theneedforadualaccountoflanguageevolution  .. Introduction  .. Whatisacommunicationsystem?  .. Theuniquenessoflanguageamongcommunicationsystems  ... Afirstattempt:Hockett’sthirteenfeatures  ... Acorecombinationoffeatures  ... Indefenceoflanguagecreativity  ... Takingstock  .. Codemodelsofcommunication  ... Millikan’saccount  ... AcriticismofMillikan’stheory  ... Conclusion  .. Ostensivetheoriesoflanguageandlanguageevolution  ... RelevanceTheory  ... Scott-Phillips’sostensivetheoryoflanguageevolution  ... CriticismofScott-Phillips’saccount  ... Limitstocontextualism  .. Animalcommunicationandtheexternalizationoflanguage  ... Animalcommunication:naturalornon-naturalmeaning?  ... Theinfluenceviewofcommunication  .. Conclusion  . Thespecificityofthehumanconceptualapparatus  .. Introduction  .. Conceptualapparatuses  ... Introduction  ... Machery’seliminativism  ... Whatareconcepts?  .... Prototypes  .... Exemplars  .... Theories  OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,9/1/2017,SPi viii Contents .... TheNeo-EmpiricistTheoryofConcept  .... Conclusion  ... Whatconceptsare  .... Takingstock  .... Conceptualatomism  ... Theepistemicstory  .... Introduction  .... Apotentialobjection  .... Thelimitationsofanimalconceptualization  .... Therootsofconceptualhierarchies  .. Embodiedsemantics  .. Specificitiesofhumancognition  .. Conclusion  . Mergeandthelexicalizationofconcepts  .. Introduction  .. Thesyntaxofthought  ... Endo-skeletalversusexo-skeletalapproaches  ... Functionallexiconandfunctionalconcepts  ... Aminimalsyntax  ... Thoughtwithaminimalsyntax  .. TheexternalizationoftheLanguageofThoughtforcommunication  ... TheSapir–Whorfhypothesis  ... ThepredictionsoftheSapir–Whorfhypothesis  .... Space  .... Colours  .... ThedemiseoftheSapir–Whorfhypothesis  ... Whatgetsexternalizedatthelevelofconcepts  .... Pointerstoprimitiveconcepts  .... Lexicalpragmatics  .... Thelexicalizationofconcepts  .. Neo-ConstructionismversusConstructionism  .. Conclusion  . AmildlyMachiavellianviewofcommunicationand theArgumentativeTheoryofReasoning  .. Introduction  .. Whattheexistenceoftwocommunicationsystemsinhumansmeans  .. Humansascooperators  ... Thevexednotionofcooperation  ... Cooperationinlinguisticcommunication  ... Humanaltruism  OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,9/1/2017,SPi Contents ix ... MildlyMachiavellianhumans  .... Implicitcommunication  .... Implicitcommunicationispredictedneitherby UGnorbythegeneralmechanismsoflinguistic communication  .... CriticismsofMinimaxaccounts  ... Implicitcommunicationisnotanefficientmeansof linguisticcommunication  ... Socialscenariosfortheexistenceofimplicitcommunication  .... PolitenessTheory  .... StrategicSpeakerTheoryasaMachiavellian mechanismformanipulativecommunication  .... Machiavelliancooperativecommunication  .. Achangeinsocialorganization  .. Consensualdemocracyandtheexternalizationof theLanguageofThought  .. Conclusion  . Conclusion  References  Index 