CMR and MDCT in Cardiac Masses Alexis Jacquier CMR and MDCT in Cardiac Masses Author Alexis Jacquier, M.D., Ph.D. Service d’imagerie Médicale Adulte CHU la Timone 264 rue Saint-Pierre 13385 Marseille, Cedex 05 France Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM) Faculté de Médecine de Marseille Université de la Méditerranée France [email protected] Translation from the French language edition: Imagerie en coupes des masses cardiaques by Alexis Jacquier Copyright © Springer-Verlag France, Paris 2009 Springer-Verlag France is part of Springer Science+Business Media All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-3-642-18456-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-18457-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-18457-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011928408 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. 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Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To Mariangela, Chiara and Antoine Foreword Cardiac masses pose difficult diagnostic challenges. Although many cardiac tumours are  today operable, the complexity of any surgery involved requires accurate pre-operative  imaging. Several imaging modalities including cardiac magnetic resonance and computed  tomography are used for this assessment, often used in combination. Because cardiac  tumours are relatively rare, there is a great demand for textbooks providing guidance on  imaging protocols and typical imaging findings for different tumours and cardiac masses.  The textbook CMR and MDCT in Cardiac Masses edited by A. Jacquier is an outstanding  contribution to this field. It provides a practical guide to the typical CT and MRI features  of cardiac masses, is enriched with high quality case examples and provides tables sum- marizing important imaging findings and gives useful diagnostic algorithms. As such it  will make an invaluable everyday companion to cardiac imagers and other clinicians  involved in the care of patients with cardiac masses. Leeds, January 2011  Sven Plein, M.D., Ph.D. vii Contents 1  Introduction ...........................................................................................................  1 2  Technical Aspects ..................................................................................................  3 2.1  Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques ................................... 3 2.2   Multidetector Computed Tomography Image Acquisition ....................... 4 3  Anatomic Pitfalls ...................................................................................................  7 3.1  Deep Atrioventricular Groove ..................................................................... 8 Philippe Germain and Gilles Goyault 3.2  Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum .................................  11 Laurence Monnier-Cholley and Lionel Arrivé 3.3  Flow Artifact in the Right Atrium ..............................................................  14 Laurence Monnier-Cholley and Lionel Arrivé 3.4  Crista Terminalis ..........................................................................................  17  Arthur Varoquaux, Vincent Vidal, Jean Michel Bartoli,   Jean-Yves Gaubert, Guy Moulin, and Alexis Jacquier 3.5  Juxtacaval Fat Collection .............................................................................  19 Philippe Dory-Lautrec, Frédéric Cohen, Guillaume Louis,   Jean-Yves Gaubert, Guy Moulin, and Alexis Jacquier 4  Cardiac Thrombus ................................................................................................  21 4.1   Thrombus Complicating the Evolution of Myocardial Infarction ...........  23 Armelle Renaud, Maxime Lalisse, Trung Le-Thanh, Stéphanie Lemaire,   Marie-Aurélie Delesalle, Jean Paul Beregi, and Christophe Lions 4.2   Thrombus in Dilated Cardiopathy ..............................................................  25 Cyril Muller, Arthur Varoquaux, Vincent Vidal, Jean Michel Bartoli,   Jean-Yves Gaubert, Guy Moulin, and Alexis Jacquier 4.3   Thrombus and Heart Transplantation ........................................................  27 Dominique Grisoli, Alberto Riberi, Vladimir Gariboldi,   Frédréric Collart, Guy Moulin, and Alexis Jacquier 4.4   Thrombus During Pulmonary Embolism ...................................................  29 Jean-Yves Gaubert, Vincent Vidal, Jean Michel Bartoli,   Guy Moulin, and Alexis Jacquier ix x Contents 4.5   Thrombus and Endomyocardial Fibrosis ...................................................  31 Nicolas Amabile, Philippe Dory-Lautrec, Jean Michel Bartoli,   Jean-Yves Gaubert, Guy Moulin, and Alexis Jacquier 4.6   Thrombus and Central Venous Catheter ....................................................  34 Arthur Varoquaux, Vincent Vidal, Jean Michel Bartoli,   Guy Moulin, and Jean-Yves Gaubert 4.7   Thrombus and Uptake of Contrast Medium ...............................................  37 Pierre Cassagneaux, Guillaume Louis, Arthur Varoquaux, Vincent Vidal,   Jean Michel Bartoli, Guy Moulin, Jean-Yves Gaubert,   and Alexis Jacquier 5  Benign Tumors ......................................................................................................  41 5.1   Myxoma ........................................................................................................  43 Julie Mayer, Valérie Chabbert, and Hervé Rousseau 5.2   Atypically Located Myxoma .......................................................................  47 Gwenaelle Pouliquen, Karine Warin-Fresse, and Dominique Crochet 5.3   Papillary Fibroelastoma of the Mitral Valve .............................................  50 Gwenaelle Pouliquen, Karine Warin-Fresse, and Dominique Crochet 5.4   Intramyocardial Fibroma ...........................................................................  53 Eric Stephan and Philippe Douek 5.5   Coronary Fistula ..........................................................................................  57 Patrick Mailleux 5.6   Intracardiac Venous Malformation (Formerly Hemangioma) ................  59 Marianne Jolibert, Guillaume Louis, Arthur Varoquaux,   Vincent Vidal, Jean Michel Bartoli, Jean-Yves Gaubert,   Guy Moulin, and Alexis Jacquier 5.7   Lipoma ..........................................................................................................  63 Mathieu Rodiere and Frederic Thony 5.8   Calcification of the Mitral Annulus ............................................................  66 Gwenaelle Pouliquen, Karine Warin-Fresse, and Dominique Crochet 5.9   Cardiac Paraganglioma ...............................................................................  69 Antoine Micheau, Sébastien Bommart, Claudine Bousquet,   and Hélène Vernhet Kovacsik 5.10   Castelman’s Disease ....................................................................................  74 Archid Azarine, Suzana Castela, and Elie Mousseaux 5.11   Neurofibromatosis Involving the Pericardium ..........................................  77 Jean-Yves Gaubert, Philippe Dory-Lautrec, Guillaume Louis, and Alexis Jacquier 5.12   Erdheim–Chester’s Disease with Mediastinal Involvement ....................  80 Arthur Varoquaux, Vincent Vidal, Jean Michel Bartoli, and Alexis Jacquier 5.13   Ante and Postnatal Bronchogenic Cyst .....................................................  82 Katia Chaumoitre and Michel Panuel