Cluttering Very few people are aware of the significant negative impact that cluttering—a communication disorder that affects a person’s ability to speak in a clear, concise and fluent manner—can have on one’s life educationally, socially and vocationally. Although different from stuttering, it is often related to this more well-known disorder. This book treats cluttering as a serious communication disorder in its own right, providing an in-depth examination of the critical factors surrounding its assessment, treatment and research. Using evidence-based data as well as information regarding the assessment and treatment of cluttering within the field of speech-language pathology, the volume includes the latest research findings and work from leading worldwide cluttering experts. Current viewpoints regarding cluttering along with substantiated evidence are provided. Research findings are presented regarding the nature and neurology of cluttering. A range of successful assessment and treatment methodologies are described in the context of disorders that may co-occur with cluttering, such as autism spectrum disorders, learning disabilities, Down syndrome and stuttering. Future directions with regards to the definition, teaching and researching of cluttering are also addressed. Students, faculty members, researchers and clinicians in the field of speech pathology will find this book an essential and unique source of information on cluttering. David Ward is a specialist speech and language therapist in disfluency within the NHS and lectures on disorders of fluency at The University of Reading, UK. He is currently Chair of the International Cluttering Association’s academic and research committee, and is involved in research into both theoretical and clinical aspects of stuttering and cluttering. His book, Stuttering and Cluttering was published by Psychology Press in 2006. Kathleen Scaler Scott is a practising speech-language pathologist and researcher who specialises in fluency disorders. She has lectured nationally and internationally on fluency disorders and social communication disorders. She is currently Coordinator of the International Cluttering Association, and Assistant Professor in the Department of Speech-Language Pathology at Misericordia University, USA. Cluttering A Handbook of Research, Intervention and Education David Ward and Kathleen Scaler Scott First published 2011 by Psychology Press 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Psychology Press 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Psychology Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business © 2011 Psychology Press Typeset in Times by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall Cover design by Andrew Ward All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. This publication has been produced with paper manufactured to strict environmental standards and with pulp derived from sustainable forests. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cluttering : a handbook of research, intervention, and education / [edited by] David Ward & Kathleen Scaler Scott. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978–1–84872–029–9 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Cluttering (Speech pathology)–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Ward, David, 1956 Dec. 9– II. Scott, Kathleen Scaler, 1969– [DNLM: 1. Speech Disorders. WM 475 C649 2011] RC424.5.C57 2011 362.196′855–dc22 2010025268 ISBN: 978-1-84872-029-9 (hbk only) This book is dedicated to the memory of Peter Kissagizlis—a true pioneer in the cause of understanding cluttering. Contents List of contributors ix Acknowledgements xi List of figures xii List of tables xiii Editors’ introduction xv PART I The nature and neurology of cluttering 1 1 Cluttering: a neurological perspective 3 PER A. ALM 2 Possible genetic factors in cluttering 29 DENNIS DRAYNA 3 Motor speech control and cluttering 34 DAVID WARD 4 A preliminary comparison of speech rate, self-evaluation, and disfluency of people who speak exceptionally fast, clutter, or speak normally 45 KLAAS BAKKER, FLORENCE L. MYERS, LAWRENCE J. RAPHAEL, AND KENNETH O. ST. LOUIS PART II Cluttering and co-occurring disorders 67 5 The epidemiology of cluttering with stuttering 69 PETER HOWELL AND STEPHEN DAVIS 6 Cluttering and Down syndrome 90 JOHN VAN BORSEL viii Contents 7 Cluttering and learning disabilities 100 YVONNE VAN ZAALEN, FRANK WIJNEN, AND PHILIP H. DEJONCKERE 8 Cluttering and autism spectrum disorders 115 KATHLEEN SCALER SCOTT PART III Assessment and treatment of cluttering 135 9 The assessment of cluttering: rationale, tasks, and interpretation 137 YVONNE VAN ZAALEN, FRANK WIJNEN, AND PHILIP DEJONCKERE 10 Treatment of cluttering: a cognitive-behavioral approach centered on rate control 152 FLORENCE L. MYERS 11 Intervention strategies for cluttering disorders 175 ELLEN BENNETT LANOUETTE 12 Assessment and intervention of Japanese children exhibiting possible cluttering 198 SHOKO MIYAMOTO 13 Self-help and support groups for people with cluttering 211 KATHLEEN SCALER SCOTT AND KENNETH O. ST. LOUIS PART IV Current and future directions in cluttering 231 14 Defining cluttering: the lowest common denominator 233 KENNETH O. ST. LOUIS AND KATRIN SCHULTE 15 Scope and constraint in the diagnosis of cluttering: combining two perspectives 254 DAVID WARD 16 International perspectives on perceiving, identifying, and managing cluttering 263 ISABELLA K. REICHEL AND JURIS G. DRAGUNS 17 Cluttering in the academic curriculum 280 JOHN A. TETNOWSKI AND JILL DOUGLASS Author index 297 Subject index 305 Contributors Per Alm, PhD Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Klaas Bakker, PhD Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, USA Ellen Bennett Lanouette, PhD Texas, USA Stephen Davis, PhD Department of Psychology, University College London, UK Philipe Dejonckere, PhD University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands Jill Douglass, Doctoral Student, Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA Juris G. Draguns, PhD Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA Dennis Drayna, PhD National Institute on Deafness and Other Communi­ cation Disorders, Bethesda, MD, USA Peter Howell, PhD Department of Psychology, University College, London, UK Shoko Miyamoto, PhD Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Therapy, Mejiro University, Saitama, Japan Florence L. Myers, PhD Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Long Island, New York, USA Lawrence Raphael, PhD Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Adelphi University, Long Island, New York, USA Isabella Reichel, PhD Graduate Program in Speech and Language Pathology, Touro College, New York, USA Kathleen Scaler Scott, PhD Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Misericordia University, Dallas, Pennsylvania, USA x List of contributors Katrin Schulte, PhD Department of Rehabilitation Science/Communication Disorders, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany Kenneth O. St. Louis, PhD Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA John A. Tetnowski, PhD Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA John Van Borsel, PhD Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium, and Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Yvonne van Zaalen, PhD Fontys University, Eindhoven, The Netherlands David Ward, PhD Department of Clinical Language Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK Frank Wijnen, PhD UIL OTS, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Acknowledgements We would like to extend our grateful thanks to all our contributors for their wonderful efforts. Thanks are also due to the editorial team at Psychology Press; in particular, Eleanor Jones, Sharla Plant and Kristin Susser, whose thoroughness, patience and guidance we have very much appreciated throughout the book’s production. Finally, thanks to our respective families for support and patience throughout this process. David Ward & Kathleen Scaler Scott