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Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint maynotbeavailableinelectronicformats.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts,visitour websiteatwww.wiley.com. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData: Cloudcomputing:principlesandparadigms/editedbyRajkumarBuyya,JamesBroberg, Andrzej Goscinski. p. ;cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN9780470887998(hardback) 1. Cloudcomputing. I. Buyya,Rajkumar,1970(cid:1) II. Broberg,James. III. Goscinski, Andrzej. QA76.585.C582011 004.67u8 dc22 2010046367 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS PREFACE XV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIX CONTRIBUTORS XXI PART I FOUNDATIONS 1 1 Introduction to Cloud Computing 3 WilliamVoorsluys,JamesBroberg,andRajkumarBuyya 1.1 Cloud Computing in a Nutshell / 3 1.2 Roots of Cloud Computing / 5 1.3 Layers and Types of Clouds / 13 1.4 Desired Features of a Cloud / 16 1.5 Cloud Infrastructure Management / 17 1.6 Infrastructure as a Service Providers / 26 1.7 Platform as a Service Providers / 31 1.8 Challenges and Risks / 34 1.9 Summary / 37 References / 37 2 Migrating into a Cloud 43 T.S.Mohan 2.1 Introduction / 43 2.2 Broad Approaches to Migrating into the Cloud / 48 2.3 The Seven-Step Model of Migration into a Cloud / 51 2.4 Conclusions / 54 Acknowledgments / 55 References / 55 v vi CONTENTS 3 Enriching the ‘Integration as a Service’ Paradigm for the Cloud Era 57 PethuruRaj 3.1 An Introduction / 57 3.2 The Onset of Knowledge Era / 59 3.3 The Evolution of SaaS / 59 3.4 The Challenges of SaaS Paradigm / 61 3.5 Approaching the SaaS Integration Enigma / 63 3.6 New Integration Scenarios / 67 3.7 The Integration Methodologies / 69 3.8 SaaS Integration Products and Platforms / 72 3.9 SaaS Integration Services / 80 3.10 Businesses-to-Business Integration (B2Bi) Services / 84 3.11 A Framework of Sensor—Cloud Integration [3] / 89 3.12 SaaS Integration Appliances / 94 3.13 Conclusion / 95 References / 95 4 The Enterprise Cloud Computing Paradigm 97 TariqEllahi,BenoitHudzia,HuiLi,MaikA.Lindner,and PhilipRobinson 4.1 Introduction / 97 4.2 Background / 98 4.3 Issues for Enterprise Applications on the Cloud / 103 4.4 Transition Challenges / 106 4.5 Enterprise Cloud Technology and Market Evolution / 108 4.6 Business Drivers Toward a Marketplace for Enterprise Cloud Computing / 112 4.7 The Cloud Supply Chain / 115 4.8 Summary / 117 Acknowledgments / 117 References / 118 PART II INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE (IAAS) 121 5 Virtual Machines Provisioning and Migration Services 123 MohamedEl-Refaey 5.1 Introduction and Inspiration / 123 CONTENTS vii 5.2 Background and Related Work / 124 5.3 Virtual Machines Provisioning and Manageability / 130 5.4 Virtual Machine Migration Services / 132 5.5 VM Provisioning and Migration in Action / 136 5.6 Provisioning in the Cloud Context / 145 5.7 Future Research Directions / 151 5.8 Conclusion / 154 References / 154 6 On the Management of Virtual Machines for Cloud Infrastructures 157 IgnacioM.Llorente,Rube´nS.Montero,BorjaSotomayor, DavidBreitgand,AlessandroMaraschini,EliezerLevy,and BennyRochwerger 6.1 The Anatomy of Cloud Infrastructures / 158 6.2 Distributed Management of Virtual Infrastructures / 161 6.3 SchedulingTechniquesforAdvanceReservationofCapacity / 166 6.4 Capacity Management to meet SLA Commitments / 172 6.5 Conclusions and Future Work / 185 Acknowledgments / 186 References / 187 7 Enhancing Cloud Computing Environments Using a Cluster as a Service 193 MichaelBrockandAndrzejGoscinski 7.1 Introduction / 193 7.2 Related Work / 194 7.3 RVWS Design / 197 7.4 Cluster as a Service: The Logical Design / 202 7.5 Proof of Concept / 212 7.6 Future Research Directions / 218 7.7 Conclusion / 219 References / 219 8 Secure Distributed Data Storage in Cloud Computing 221 YuChen,Wei-ShinnKu,JunFeng,PuLiu,andZhouSu 8.1 Introduction / 221 8.2 Cloud Storage: from LANs TO WANs / 222 8.3 Technologies for Data Security in Cloud Computing / 232 viii CONTENTS 8.4 Open Questions and Challenges / 242 8.5 Summary / 246 References / 246 PART III PLATFORM AND SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE (PAAS/IAAS) 249 9 Aneka—Integration of Private and Public Clouds 251 ChristianVecchiola,XingchenChu,MichaelMattess,and RajkumarBuyya 9.1 Introduction / 251 9.2 Technologies and Tools for Cloud Computing / 254 9.3 Aneka Cloud Platform / 257 9.4 Aneka Resource Provisioning Service / 259 9.5 Hybrid Cloud Implementation / 262 9.6 Visionary thoughts for Practitioners / 269 9.7 Summary and Conclusions / 271 Acknowledgments / 272 References / 273 10 CometCloud: An Autonomic Cloud Engine 275 HyunjooKimandManishParashar 10.1 Introduction / 275 10.2 CometCloud Architecture / 276 10.3 Autonomic Behavior of CometCloud / 280 10.4 Overview of CometCloud-based Applications / 286 10.5 Implementation and Evaluation / 287 10.6 Conclusion and Future Research Directions / 295 Acknowledgments / 295 References / 296 11 T-Systems’ Cloud-Based Solutions for Business Applications 299 MichaelPauly 11.1 Introduction / 299 11.2 What Enterprises Demand of Cloud Computing / 300 11.3 Dynamic ICT Services / 302 11.4 Importance of Quality and Security in Clouds / 305 CONTENTS ix 11.5 Dynamic Data Center—Producing Business-ready, Dynamic ICT Services / 307 11.6 Case Studies / 314 11.7 Summary: Cloud Computing offers much more than Traditional Outsourcing / 318 Acknowledgments / 319 References / 319 12 Workflow Engine for Clouds 321 SurajPandey,DilebanKarunamoorthy,andRajkumarBuyya 12.1 Introduction / 321 12.2 Background / 322 12.3 Workflow Management Systems and Clouds / 323 12.4 Architecture of Workflow Management Systems / 326 12.5 Utilizing Clouds for Workflow Execution / 328 12.6 Case Study: Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimizations / 334 12.7 Visionary thoughts for Practitioners / 340 12.8 Future Research Directions / 341 12.9 Summary and Conclusions / 341 Acknowledgments / 342 References / 342 13 Understanding Scientific Applications for Cloud Environments 345 ShantenuJha,DanielS.Katz,AndreLuckow, AndreMerzky,andKaterinaStamou 13.1 Introduction / 345 13.2 A Classification of Scientific Applications and Services in the Cloud / 350 13.3 SAGA-based Scientific Applications that Utilize Clouds / 354 13.4 Discussion / 363 13.5 Conclusions / 367 References / 368 14 The MapReduce Programming Model and Implementations 373 HaiJin,ShadiIbrahim,LiQi,HaijunCao,SongWu,andXuanhuaShi 14.1 Introduction / 373 14.2 MapReduce Programming Model / 375 14.3 Major MapReduce Implementations for the Cloud / 379 x CONTENTS 14.4 MapReduce Impacts and Research Directions / 385 14.5 Conclusion / 387 Acknowledgments / 387 References / 387 PART IV MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT 391 15 An Architecture for Federated Cloud Computing 393 BennyRochwerger,ConstantinoVa´zquez,DavidBreitgand, DavidHadas,MassimoVillari,PhilippeMassonet,EliezerLevy, AlexGalis,IgnacioM.Llorente,Rube´nS.Montero, YaronWolfsthal,KennethNagin,LarsLarsson,andFerm´ınGala´n 15.1 Introduction / 393 15.2 A Typical Use Case / 394 15.3 The Basic Principles of Cloud Computing / 398 15.4 A Model for Federated Cloud Computing / 400 15.5 Security Considerations / 407 15.6 Summary and Conclusions / 410 Acknowledgments / 410 References / 410 16 SLA Management in Cloud Computing: A Service Provider’s Perspective 413 SumitBose,AnjaneyuluPasala,DheepakR.A, SridharMurthyandGanesanMalaiyandisamy 16.1 Inspiration / 413 16.2 Traditional Approaches to SLO Management / 418 16.3 Types of SLA / 421 16.4 Life Cycle of SLA / 424 16.5 SLA Management in Cloud / 425 16.6 Automated Policy-based Management / 429 16.7 Conclusion / 435 References / 435 17 Performance Prediction for HPC on Clouds 437 RoccoAversa,BeniaminoDiMartino,MassimilianoRak, SalvatoreVenticinque,andUmbertoVillano 17.1 Introduction / 437 17.2 Background / 440 CONTENTS xi 17.3 Grid and Cloud / 442 17.4 HPC in the Cloud: Performance-related Issues / 445 17.5 Summary and Conclusions / 453 References / 454 PART V APPLICATIONS 457 18 Best Practices in Architecting Cloud Applications in the AWS Cloud 459 JineshVaria 18.1 Introduction / 459 18.2 Background / 459 18.3 Cloud Concepts / 463 18.4 Cloud Best Practices / 468 18.5 GrepTheWeb Case Study / 479 18.6 Future Research Directions / 486 18.7 Conclusion / 487 Acknowledgments / 487 References / 487 19 Massively Multiplayer Online Game Hosting on Cloud Resources 491 VladNae,RaduProdan,andAlexandruIosup 19.1 Introduction / 491 19.2 Background / 492 19.3 Related Work / 494 19.4 Model / 495 19.5 Experiments / 500 19.6 Future Research Directions / 507 19.7 Conclusions / 507 Acknowledgments / 507 References / 507 20 Building Content Delivery Networks Using Clouds 511 JamesBroberg 20.1 Introduction / 511 20.2 Background/Related Work / 512 xii CONTENTS 20.3 MetaCDN: Harnessing Storage Clouds for Low-Cost, High-Performance Content Delivery / 516 20.4 Performance of the MetaCDN Overlay / 525 20.5 Future Directions / 527 20.6 Conclusion / 528 Acknowledgments / 529 References / 529 21 Resource Cloud Mashups 533 LutzSchubert,MatthiasAssel,AlexanderKipp,andStefanWesner 21.1 Introduction / 533 21.2 Concepts of a Cloud Mashup / 536 21.3 Realizing Resource Mashups / 542 21.4 Conclusions / 545 References / 546 PART VI GOVERNANCE AND CASE STUDIES 549 22 Organizational Readiness and Change Management in the Cloud Age 551 RobertLam 22.1 Introduction / 551 22.2 Basic Concept of Organizational Readiness / 552 22.3 Drivers for Changes: A Framework to Comprehend the Competitive Environment / 555 22.4 Common Change Management Models / 559 22.5 Change Management Maturity Model (CMMM) / 563 22.6 Organizational Readiness Self-Assessment: (Who, When, Where, and How) / 565 22.7 Discussion / 567 22.8 Conclusion / 570 Acknowledgments / 571 References / 572 23 Data Security in the Cloud 573 SusanMorrow 23.1 An Introduction to the Idea of Data Security / 573 23.2 The Current State of Data Security in the Cloud / 574