Clinician’s Guide to Evidence-Based Practices Mental Health and the Addictions This page intentionally left blank Clinician’s Guide to Evidence-Based Practices Mental Health and the Addictions John C. Norcross, Thomas P. Hogan, & Gerald P. Koocher 1 2008 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Th ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2008 by John C. Norcross, Th omas P. Hogan, & Gerald P. Koocher. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Norcross, John C., 1957– Clinician’s guide to evidence-based practices : mental health and the addictions/John C. Norcross, Th omas P. Hogan, & Gerald P. Koocher. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 978-0-19-533532-3 (pbk.) 1. Evidence-based psychiatry. 2. Mental illness—Treatment. 3. Substance abuse— Treatment. I. Hogan, Th omas P. II. Koocher, Gerald P. III. Title. [DNLM: 1. Mental Disorders--therapy—Handbooks. 2. Evidence-Based Medicine— Handbooks. 3. Substance-Related Disorders—therapy—Handbooks. WM 34 N827c 2008] RC455.2.E94N67 2008 616.89—dc22 2007037565 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Dedicated to Veracious Evidence This page intentionally left blank Contents About the Authors ix Introduction xi Instructions for Installing the CD xvii Chapter 1. Defi ning Evidence-Based Practice 1 Chapter 2. Asking the Right Questions 17 Chapter 3. Locating the Best Available Research Lauren A. Maggio 29 Chapter 4. Reading and Interpreting the Research: Research Designs 7 9 Chapter 5. Reading and Interpreting the Research: Numbers and Measures 125 Chapter 6. Appraising Research Reports 159 Chapter 7. Translating Research into Practice 181 Chapter 8. Integrating the Patient and the Clinician with the Research 209 Chapter 9. Incorporating Evaluation and Ethics 239 Chapter 10. Disseminating, Teaching, and Implementing Evidence-Based Practices 271 Glossary 289 References 307 Index 321 This page intentionally left blank ❙ ❙ ❙ ❙ ❙ ABOUT THE AUTHORS JOHN C. NORCROSS, PHD, ABPP, is professor of psychology and Distinguished University Fellow at the University of Scranton, editor of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session, and a clini- cal psychologist in part-time practice. Author of more than 300 scholarly publications, Dr. Norcross has written or coedited 15 books. The most recent include Evidence-Based Practices in Men- tal Health: Debate and Dialogue on the Fundamental Questions, Psy- chotherapy Relationships that Work, Leaving It at the Offi ce: A Guide to Psychotherapist Self-Care, the sixth edition of Systems of Psycho- therapy, and An Insider’s Guide to Graduate Programs in Clinical and Counseling Psychology. He is president-elect of the American Psychological Association (APA) Society of Clinical Psychol- ogy, past president of the APA Division of Psychotherapy, and Council Representative of the APA. Dr. Norcross also served on the APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practices. THOMAS P. HOGAN, PHD, is professor of psychology and Distin- guished University Fellow at the University of Scranton, where he also served as dean of the Graduate School and director of research, as well as interim provost/academic vice president. He served previously as associate vice chancellor for Graduate and Professional Programs at the University of Wisconsin–Green ix