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CLEARLY VISUAL BASIC ® PROGRAMMING WITH MICROSOFT® VISUAL BASIC® 2010 This page intentionally left blank SECOND EDITION CLEARLY VISUAL BASIC® PROGRAMMING WITH MICROSOFT® VISUAL BASIC® 2010 DIANE ZAK AustralialBrazillJapanlKorealMexicolSingaporelSpainlUnitedKingdomlUnitedStates ClearlyVisualBasic: ª2012CourseTechnology,CengageLearning ProgrammingwithMicrosoft ALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyrighthereinmaybe VisualBasic2010,SecondEdition reproduced,transmitted,storedorusedinanyformorbyanymeansgraphic,electronic, DianeZak ormechanical,includingbutnotlimitedtophotocopying,recording,scanning,digitizing, taping,Webdistribution,informationnetworks,orinformationstorageandretrieval ExecutiveEditor:MarieLee systems,exceptaspermittedunderSection107or108ofthe1976UnitedStates AcquisitionsEditor:BrandiShailer CopyrightAct,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher. 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(Control Structures) . . . . . . . . . . 1 CHAPTER 2 First You Need to Plan the Party (Problem-Solving Process) . . . 11 CHAPTER 3 I Need a Tour Guide (Introduction to Visual Basic 2010) . . . . . 27 CHAPTER 4 Do It Yourself Designing (Designing Interfaces) . . . . . . . . . 49 CHAPTER 5 The Secret Code (Assignment Statements) . . . . . . . . . . . 67 CHAPTER 6 Where Can I Store This? (Variables and Constants) . . . . . . . 81 CHAPTER 7 What’s Wrong with It? (Syntax and Logic Errors) . . . . . . . . .101 CHAPTER 8 Decisions, Decisions, Decisions (Selection Structure) . . . . . .115 CHAPTER 9 Time to Leave the Nest (Nested Selection Structures) . . . . . .139 CHAPTER 10 So Many Paths . . . So Little Time (Multiple-Alternative Selection Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159 CHAPTER 11 Testing, Testing . . . 1, 2, 3 (Selecting Test Data) . . . . . . . .183 CHAPTER 12 How Long Can This Go On? (Pretest Loops) . . . . . . . . . . .203 CHAPTER 13 Do It, Then Ask Permission (Posttest Loops) . . . . . . . . . .231 CHAPTER 14 Let Me Count the Ways (Counter-Controlled Loops) . . . . . . .241 CHAPTER 15 I’m on the Inside; You’re on the Outside (Nested Loops) . . . . .261 CHAPTER 16 I Hear You Are Breaking Up (Sub Procedures) . . . . . . . . . .279 CHAPTER 17 Talk to Me (Function Procedures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303 CHAPTER 18 A Ray of Sunshine (One-Dimensional Arrays) . . . . . . . . . .319 CHAPTER 19 Parallel and Dynamic Universes (More on One-Dimensional Arrays) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341 CHAPTER 20 Table Tennis, Anyone? (Two-Dimensional Arrays) . . . . . . . .363 CHAPTER 21 Building Your Own Structure (Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . .383 vi CONTENTS CHAPTER 22 I’m Saving for the Future (Sequential Access Files) . . . . . . .399 CHAPTER 23 The String Section (String Manipulation) . . . . . . . . . . . .417 CHAPTER 24 I’m Suffering from Information Overload (Access Databases) . . .439 CHAPTER 25 The Missing “LINQ” (Querying a Database) . . . . . . . . . . .461 CHAPTER 26 I Love This Class (Creating a Class) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475 CHAPTER 27 Getting “Web-ified” (Web Applications) . . . . . . . . . . . . .497 APPENDIX A Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527 APPENDIX B Answers to Mini-Quizzes and TRY THIS Exercises . . . . . . . .529 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569 vii Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv CHAPTER 1 I Am Not a Control Freak! (Control Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Control Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The Sequence Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 The Selection Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 The Repetition Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 CHAPTER 2 First You Need to Plan the Party (Problem-Solving Process) . . . . 11 How Do Programmers Solve Problems? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Step 1—Analyze the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Step 2—Plan the Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Step 3—Desk-Check the Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 CHAPTER 3 I Need a Tour Guide (Introduction to Visual Basic 2010) . . . . . . 27 Ok, the Algorithm Is Correct. What’s Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Creating a Visual Basic Windows Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 So Many Windows! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Creating the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Save, Save, Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Whose Property Is It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Using the Format Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Lock Them Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Ok, Let’s See the Interface in Action! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Closing the Current Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Opening an Existing Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Exiting Visual Studio 2010 or Visual Basic 2010 Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 viii CONTENTS CHAPTER 4 Do It Yourself Designing (Designing Interfaces) . . . . . . . . . 49 Delegating the Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Making the Interface More User-Friendly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Do What I Tell You to Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 The Me.Close() Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 CHAPTER 5 The Secret Code (Assignment Statements) . . . . . . . . . . . 67 The Fun Starts Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 The Val Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Who’s in Charge of This Operation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Your Assignment, if You Choose to Accept It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 CHAPTER 6 Where Can I Store This? (Variables and Constants) . . . . . . . . 81 Using Storage Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 So, What’s Your Type? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Let’s Play the Name Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 You’ll Need a Reservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 How Many Variables Should I Use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 The TryParse Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Check, Please…I’m Ready to Go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Using Constants to Keep Things…Well, the Same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Dressing Up the Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 CHAPTER 7 What’s Wrong with It? (Syntax and Logic Errors) . . . . . . . . .101 There’s a Bug in My Soup! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Finding Syntax Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Locating Logic Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 I’ve Reached My Breaking Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 CHAPTER 8 Decisions, Decisions, Decisions (Selection Structure) . . . . . .115 Someone Might Need to Make a Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Going Beyond Rob’s Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 The If…Then…Else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121