Classroom Interaction DOI: 10.1057/9781137443601.0001 Other Palgrave Pivot titles Dirk Jacob Wolfson: The Political Economy of Sustainable Development: Valuation, Distribution, Governance Twyla J. Hill: Family Caregiving in Aging Populations Alexander M. Stoner and Andony Melathopoulos: Freedom in the Anthropocene: Twentieth Century Helplessness in the Face of Climate Change Christine J. Hong: Identity, Youth, and Gender in the Korean American Christian Church Cenap Çakmak and Murat Ustaoğlu: Post-Conflict Syrian State and Nation Building: Economic and Political Development Richard J. Arend: Wicked Entrepreneurship: Defining the Basics of Entreponerology Rubén Arcos and Randolph H. 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No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saff ron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Th e author has asserted her right to be identifi ed as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fift h Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-55626-7 ISBN 978-1-137-44360-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137443601 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. www.palgrave.com/pivot To Patrick and Oscar, who make my life so much more interesting! DOI: 10.1057/9781137443601.0001 Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface x Acknowledgements xi List of Abbreviations xii Introduction 1 1 Internationalisation and University Policies 6 This chapter 7 Defining internationalisation 7 Internationalisation rationales 7 Internationalisation at home – internationalisation abroad 9 Internationalisation of the curriculum 11 Internationalisation and classroom interaction 12 Why look at classroom interaction? 12 Classroom interaction in culturally and linguistically diverse contexts 14 Internationalisation strategies and policies in the UK 16 Review of previous research 16 Stakeholder policies 18 Higher Education Academy 18 Quality Assurance Agency 20 Leadership Foundation for Higher Education 22 Universities UK and the UK HE International Unit 23 vi DOI: 10.1057/9781137443601.0001 Contents vii UK universities’ internationalisation strategies and activities 24 The sample 24 Methodology 25 Document analysis 26 Internationalisation rationales: abroad or home? 26 Internationalisation of the curriculum: support for students and staff 29 Chapter summary and outlook 32 2 Student and Staff Perspectives 34 This chapter 35 Staff in the internationalised Anglophone higher education classroom 35 Teaching culturally diverse classes: tutor views 35 International staff at Anglophone universities 37 Students in the internationalised Anglophone higher education classroom 39 International students 39 Experiences of Anglophone higher education 39 Acculturation and adjustment 42 Home students’ experiences 44 Experiences of international group work 48 Chapter summary and outlook 51 3 Pragmatics and Discourse Perspectives 53 This chapter 54 Tutors and students as guests in the Anglophone classroom 55 The tutors: international teaching assistants 55 The students: engagement 59 English as a lingua franca 61 ELF norms and native speaker reactions 61 Strategies in ELF 64 Chapter summary and outlook 66 4 Culture and Classroom Interaction 68 This chapter 69 Conceptualisations of culture 69 Essentialist views of culture 69 The culture-language nexus 72 Culture: education and socialisation 73 DOI: 10.1057/9781137443601.0001 viii Contents Successes and failures of classroom interaction: blame and responsibility 74 Asian students in Anglophone higher education 77 A problematic population? 77 A sian students and class participation: alternative explanations 80 Chapter summary and outlook 82 5 Responding to Classroom Interaction Challenges 83 This chapter 84 The Anglophone university and its specific challenges 84 Developing classroom interaction 88 Tutor support programmes: past and present 88 Existing student support programmes and resources 91 Classroom interaction: what do tutors and students need to learn and do? 93 Existing models 93 An experiential model of classroom interaction 96 The student model 96 The tutor model 98 An appraisal of the model 99 Tutor and student development: new ways 101 Students 101 Tutors 104 Implications for research 107 Chapter summary 109 Conclusion 111 References 116 Index 137 DOI: 10.1057/9781137443601.0001 List of Illustrations Figures 5.1 E xperiential model of classroom interaction: students 96 5.2 E xperiential model of classroom interaction: tutors 98 Tables 1.1 Institution-level strategies for internationalisation 10 1.2 The UKPSF with a focus on internationalisation 19 1.3 The university sample 25 3.1 Strategies in academic ELF talk 65 DOI: 10.1057/9781137443601.0002 ix