Classical Conditioning (aka Pavlovian Conditioning) Associations / Pairings n  Terminology n  Measures/ Types of Trials n  Related Concepts n Learning via Association Learning in Classical Conditioning is by association n  Key: Pair two stimuli together—one has some n  important survival characteristic, one does not Learned stimulus must occur before presentation of n  the stimulus that elicits (causes) the reaction Through pairing, the once-neutral stimulus (NS) n  becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) Learning via Association cont. CS à CR chain is a learned (or conditioned) reflex n  most stimuli are external n  Important questions to ask in Classical Conditioning: n  What was learned (conditioned)? n  What was innate (unlearned, unconditioned)? n  Which is the stimulus? n  Which is the response? n ’ Pavlov s Procedure Food (US) paired (associated) w/ Metronome (NS) n  Result: NS became CS (conditioned stimulus) n Classical Conditioning •  Food (US) paired (associated) w/ Bell (NS) •  Result: NS became CS (conditioned stimulus) Before Conditioning: reflex UR NS US NS = Neutral Stimulus US = Unconditioned Stimulus UR = Unconditioned Response Classical Conditioning After Conditioning: conditioned reflex CS CR CS = Conditioned Stimulus CR = Conditioned Response ’ Pavlov s Procedure How do we know this change occurred? n  Saliva flowed during presentation of just the CS, n  before the US (food) was presented Terminology in Classical Conditioning “ ” “ ” Learned = Conditioned n  “ ” “ ” Unlearned = Unconditioned n  US (Unconditioned Stimulus) n  UR (Unconditioned Response) n  CS (Conditioned Stimulus) n  CR (Conditioned Response) n  Learned / Conditioned Reflex n  Association / Pairing n Measures in Classical Conditioning Percentage of CRs: % of trials in which CR occurred n  Magnitude of CR: (e.g. amount of saliva produced) n  Percentage and Magnitude of CR should both n  increase with successive trials Latency of CR: time between onsets of CS & CR n  Latency typically decreases with successive trials n  Direct physiological response n  Changes in HR, BP, muscular tension n Measures in Classical Conditioning cont. Indirect measurements n  Approach to/Avoidance of CS n