Classical Approaches to the Study of Religion rere Religion and Reason 4 Method and Theory in the Study and Interpretation of Religion GENERAL EDITOR Jacques Waardenburg, University of Utrecht BOARD OF ADVISERS Th. P. van Baaren, Groningen R. N. Bellah, Berkeley E. Benz, Marburg U. Bianchi, Bologna H. J. W. Drijvers, Groningen S. Ν. Eisenstadt, Jerusalem M. Eliade, Chicago C. Geertz, Princeton Κ. Goldammer, Marburg P. Ricoeur, Paris M. Rodinson, Paris N. Smart, Lancaster G. Widengren, Uppsala MOUTON-THE HAGUE-PARIS Classical Approaches to the Study of Religion Aims, Methods and Theories of Research 2: Bibliography by JACQUES WAARDENBURG University of Utrecht MOUTON THE HAGUE-PARIS Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 70-152082 Jacket-design by Jurriaan Schröter © 1974, Mouton & Co. Printed in Hungary Preface Although several bibliographies exist in the field of the study of religion there is none, as far as we know, that classifies publications made by and about a number of scholars of the past who carried out literary, historical, anthropological, sociological or psychological research on religion. If any need for such an historical, be it selective, bibliography exists at all, we hope that the present volume may contribute to satisfying it. Originally this bibliography was conceived to contain only listings con- cerning the 41 scholars represented in the Anthology contained in Volume One of Classical Approaches to the Study of Beliyion, and it would then have been part of that volume. As the work proceeded, however, it became clear that the interest and value of such a bibliography would be much greater if publications were also included of and about the other 127 scholars who are treated in the Introduction of that volume, "View of a Hundred Years' Study of Religion". This would raise the number of listings to 168 and it was decided to publish this as Volume Two, together with an Introductory Bibliography with references to existing bibliographies and to some general works on the history and methodology of the study of religion until the post-war period. As such, although meant to be a companion volume to the Anthology and its Introduction, this Bibliography can very well be used as an independent reference work. As mentioned before, this Bibliography remains limited to the period which we would be inclined to call that of the "classical" approaches to the study of religion. Consequently, all publications with regard to present- day discussions on method and theory in the study and interpretation of religion have been left out and will require a separate listing and treatment. The book consists of two parts: An Introductory Bibliography and a General Bibliography. The Introductory Bibliography contains a selected number of publications dealing with the study of religion prior to the mid-twentieth century. These publications are of a somewhat general nature: Bibliographies, histories of the various disciplines within the field of the study of religion, and readers VI Preface bringing together fragments from specialized studies made in these disci- plines. We have included here also some publications on methodology which date from the period before 1950, apart from those publications mentioned under the heading "Method and Theory" in the listings of publications by the 41 scholars represented in the Anthology. Books and articles which may be considered a part of the increasing discussions on method and theory since World War II were excluded. We also left aside works of a more philosophical nature, be it more for practical reasons than for reasons of principle. Although such works are indeed of primary importance for a correct understanding of the intellectual and social background of the exist- ing approaches to the religious phenomenon, to include them would lead beyond the practical possibilities of this volume. The General Bibliography contains publications of and on those scholars to whom reference has been made in the Introduction to the Anthology. These scholars, who have been put in alphabetical order, fall into two categories. In the first place there are 127 scholars who may be considered characteris- tic representatives of the main approaches to the subject of religion. Their names were printed in italics in the Introduction. The listings are given by author under three headings. First, indications are given where the complete bibliography of the scholar, if existing, can be found (Bibliography). Second, some major studies by others on the work of these scholars are mentioned (Biography and Appreciation). Third, a selection of their publications is listed including those which are of interest to questions of method and theory, but excluding those which do not deal with the scholarly study of religion. If an English translation is known to exist, its title was added to the original one. These publications have been arranged chronologically (Main Publications). In the second place there are the 41 scholars who figure in the Anthology and who deserve a special place. Their names were printed in small capitals in the Introduction and provided with an asteriks in the Bibliography. Their listings are given in a more elaborate way than those of the other 127 scholars. They are given again by author, but here a differentiation is made. First, indications are given to where the complete bibliography of the scholar can be found (Bibliography). Second, an alphabetical listing accor- ding to authors is given of all relevant publications which deal with the scholar or his work. Book reviews have here been omitted as well as bio- graphical accounts of a general nature such as given in Biographical Dic- tionaries and Encyclopedias. Much attention has been given to bring to- gether evaluative studies on the work of the scholar in question, insofar as his studies on religion are concerned (Biography and Appreciation). Third, Preface VII the scholar's own writings are listed chronologically. A distinction, however, has been introduced here. On one hand, works of a methodological nature have been set apart, and a complete listing of such publications has been attempted (Method and Theory). Relevant sections on methodology in monographs and handbooks, as written by the scholar in question have not been mentioned separately, however. On the other hand, a list has been given of all other publications which may be considered to be of scholarly interest, with their translations in other languages including English as far as they could be found (Main Pvblications). Although the listings of these 41 scholars, given the size of the present volume, could not be exhaustive, they may be considered to be fairly complete. In all indications we have strived after bibliographical precision. Some- times, indeed, only a general indication could be given. In the case of some articles the volume number and the year of publication of the periodical concerned appears without the page numbers of the article in question. In the case of some books, especially for older publications, the year and place of appearance is given without the name of the publisher. Again, it was not always possible to check all existing translations of a given book or article or to find all publications which have appeared about a particular scholar. Publications written by one scholar about another are to be found under the name of the latter in the category of "Biography and Apprecia- tion" and not under the name of the author. Scholarly and other titles of the authors have been omitted. In the case of some wide-ranging scholars like Durkheim, Max Weber or Söderblom, we had to limit the secondary literature to those publications that explicitly deal with their scholarly study of religion. It is fair, nevertheless, to say that our selection of titles has been made with flexible standards. The selection of the scholars themselves is that made in the Introduction of Volume One. It is unavoidable that in the practical use of this Bibliography, a number of names of scholars in the field of the study of religion will turn out to be lacking. The limits of our possibilities were such that we could not strive after completeness. Although it can be used very well independently, this Bibliography has been conceived as an essential part of Classical Approaches to the Study of Religion. Its aim is, first of all, to provide the reader with sufficient materials for further scholarly research about 168 scholars of a recent or more remote past: Their work, their background, their motivations and aims, their tools, techniques and theories. In the second place, it should provide enough materials for further research not only on methods and theories which have been current during the last hundred years, but also on the history of the study of religion as such, including history, anthropology, sociology, and VIII Preface psychology insofar as they deal with religious data. In the third place, it is felt that prominent scholars of the past wrestled with perennial problems, and though the terms of reference have changed in the meantime and new materials have come to light since then, the student of today may recognize to advantage his own research problems in those of former generations. This is intended to be a basic bibliography for the period 1850—1950, with the exclusion of scholars now alive. It has not been organized according to themes or subjects of research, since such bibliographies are regularly given in specialized publications including periodicals. For his own actual and concrete research the reader will have to refer to those publications. The need of a more comprehensive bibliography is felt, however, even apart from all historical interest, as soon as one wants to reach beyond one's own specialization. In the study of religious data one has to look at the problems enoountered by those who work from a different perspective than one's own, and one has to look at other proposed solutions than one's own. In that light, a bibliography like this one may render also a service to a more interdisci- plinary approach to the subject of inquiry. Now that it is finished, it may safely be said that a work like this ought rather to have been assigned to a professional bibliographer. Unfortunately for such an enterprise as for many others, no means were available, and we had to do it ourselves, ultimately for the sheer sake of sound documentation with regard to a century of scholarship. On the practical side we want to thank Professor D. J. Hoens of the University of Utrecht who showed inter- est in this work and kindly provided valuable assistance for a three months' period, Mrs. M. A. G. T. van Kooij and Mr. H. Kleyer generously assisted in proofreading. Special thanks should be extended to Mouton Publishers, to Mr. A. Bornkamp for supporting the publication of an ever-growing manuscript, to Hilda Verloren van Themaat for taking care of much correspondence, and to Mr. A. J. van Vliet for working indefatigably on the text of these listings, often beyond his hours of duty. It gives the author satisfaction that this Bibliography can appear as Volume Four of the series "Religion and Reason". May a tiresome listing of past achievements be instrumental to creative efforts in the future. Utrecht, December 31, 1972 Jacques Waardenburg Introductory Bibliography