A01_BARK2687_09_SE_FM.QXD 8/19/10 7:06 PM Page i C L C : IVIL IBERTIES AND THE ONSTITUTION C C ASES AND OMMENTARIES Civil Liberties and the Constitution: Cases and Commentaries, 9th Edition by Lucius J. Barker, Michael W. Combs, Kevin L. Lyles, H.W. L. Perry Jr, and Twiley Barker. Published by Longman. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education. A01_BARK2687_09_SE_FM.QXD 8/19/10 7:06 PM Page ii Civil Liberties and the Constitution: Cases and Commentaries, 9th Edition by Lucius J. Barker, Michael W. Combs, Kevin L. Lyles, H.W. L. Perry Jr, and Twiley Barker. Published by Longman. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education. A01_BARK2687_09_SE_FM.QXD 8/19/10 7:06 PM Page iii NINTH EDITION C L C : IVIL IBERTIES AND THE ONSTITUTION C C ASES AND OMMENTARIES Lucius J. Barker Stanford University Twiley W. Barker, Jr. University of Illinois at Chicago Michael W. Combs University of Nebraska at Lincoln Kevin L. Lyles University of Illinois at Chicago H.W. Perry, Jr. University of Texas at Austin Longman Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Civil Liberties and the Constitution: Cases and Commentaries, 9th Edition by Lucius J. Barker, Michael W. Combs, Kevin L. Lyles, H.W. L. Perry Jr, and Twiley Barker. Published by Longman. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education. A01_BARK2687_09_SE_FM.QXD 8/19/10 7:06 PM Page iv Editor-in-Chief:Eric Stano Executive Editor:Reid Hester Editorial Assistant:Elizabeth Alimena Marketing Manager:Lindsey Prudhomme Production Manager:Meghan DeMaio Creative Director:Jayne Conte Cover Designer:Suzanne Behnke Cover Illustration/Photo: ©Gaetano / CORBIS All Rights Reserved Full-Service Project Management/Composition:Jogender Taneja/Aptara®, Inc. Printer/Binder/Cover Printer:Courier Companies Copyright ©2011, 1999, 1994 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Civil liberties and the Constitution: cases and commentaries / Lucius J. Barker ... [et al.].—9th ed. p. cm. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-092268-7 ISBN-10: 0-13-092268-4 1. Civil rights—United States—Cases. I. Barker, Lucius Jefferson, KF4748.B2 2011 342.7308'5—dc22 2010027105 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—CRS—13 12 11 10 ISBN-13: 978-0-130-92268-7 ISBN-10: 0-130-92268-4 Civil Liberties and the Constitution: Cases and Commentaries, 9th Edition by Lucius J. Barker, Michael W. Combs, Kevin L. Lyles, H.W. L. Perry Jr, and Twiley Barker. Published by Longman. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education. A01_BARK2687_09_SE_FM.QXD 8/19/10 7:06 PM Page v Dedicated to the Memory of Twiley W. Barker, Jr. Brother, Colleague, Mentor, and Friend Civil Liberties and the Constitution: Cases and Commentaries, 9th Edition by Lucius J. Barker, Michael W. Combs, Kevin L. Lyles, H.W. L. Perry Jr, and Twiley Barker. Published by Longman. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education. A01_BARK2687_09_SE_FM.QXD 8/19/10 7:06 PM Page vi Civil Liberties and the Constitution: Cases and Commentaries, 9th Edition by Lucius J. Barker, Michael W. Combs, Kevin L. Lyles, H.W. L. Perry Jr, and Twiley Barker. Published by Longman. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education. A01_BARK2687_09_SE_FM.QXD 8/19/10 7:06 PM Page vii CONTENTS PREFACE XVII PARTI A FRAMEWORKFORANALYSIS 1 CHAPTER1 LAWANDCOURTSINPOLITICAL–SOCIALCONTEXT 3 Congress, the President, and Administrative Officials 5 Interest Groups and the Dynamics of Civil Liberties 8 More on the Court: Inside the Marble Palace 9 The Rules of the Game and American Political Values 13 Marbury v. Madison (1803) [online]* Selected References 16 CHAPTER2 CIVILLIBERTIESINTHECONTEXTOFFEDERALISM 17 The Supreme Court, the Bill of Rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment 19 State Constitutions 23 State Judicial Selection 26 Conclusion 27 Barron v. Baltimore (1833) [online]* Palko v. Connecticut (1937) [online]* Duncan v. Louisiana (1968) [online]* Selected References 27 PARTII FREEDOMOFEXPRESSION, ASSEMBLY, ANDASSOCIATION 31 CHAPTER3 FREEDOMOFEXPRESSION 32 Development of the Constitutional Law of Speech 34 Core principles, Subversive Advocacy, and Clear and Present Danger 35 Schenck v. United States (1919) 37 Abrams v. United States (1919) 38 Gitlow v. New York (1925) 42 Whitney v. California (1927) 45 *http://www.pearsonhighered.com/barker9e vii Civil Liberties and the Constitution: Cases and Commentaries, 9th Edition by Lucius J. Barker, Michael W. Combs, Kevin L. Lyles, H.W. L. Perry Jr, and Twiley Barker. Published by Longman. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education. A01_BARK2687_09_SE_FM.QXD 8/19/10 7:06 PM Page viii Dennis v. United States (1951) 49 Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) 57 Public Peace and Order 61 Feiner v. New York (1951) 67 Edwards et al. v. South Carolina(1963) 71 Adderly v. State of Florida (1966) [online]* Time, Place, and Manner Restrictions 74 Frisby v. Schultz (1988) 79 Overview of Current Doctrine 84 Hill v. Colorado(2000) [online]* Symbolic Speech, Hate Speech, and Conduct That Communicates 86 United States v. O’Brien (1968) 89 Texas v. Johnson (1989) 92 R.A.V. v. St. Paul, Minnesota(1992) 98 Wisconsin v. Mitchell (1993)[online]* Virginia v. Black (2003) [online]* Selected References 107 CHAPTER4 FREEDOMOFEXPRESSIONINSPECIALCONTEXTS 108 Obscenity; Sexually Explicit Expression; the Offensive, Indecent, Lewd, and Profane 108 Cohen v. California (1971) 109 Obscenity 111 Miller v. California (1973) 115 Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton (1973) 118 Regulating “Indecent” Speech 124 Federal Communications Commission v. Pacifica Foundation et al.(1978) 125 Movies and Censorship 132 Nude Dancing 134 Barnes v. Glen Theatre, Inc.(1991) 135 Internet 143 Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union(1997) 144 Commercial Speech and Corporate Speech 151 Money as Speech 153 Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) [online]* Student Rights and Free Expression 156 Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District(1969) 157 Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser(1986) [online]* Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier(1988) [online]* Morse, et al., v. Joseph Frederick(2007) 162 Selected References 168 CHAPTER5 FREEDOMOFTHEPRESSANDASSOCIATION 169 Prior Restraint 170 Near v. Minnesota (1931) [online]* New York Times v. United States [The Pentagon Papers Case] (1971) 170 The Various Media 179 Is the Press “Special”? 180 Freedom of the Press and the Judicial Process 182 *http://www.pearsonhighered.com/barker9e viii Contents Civil Liberties and the Constitution: Cases and Commentaries, 9th Edition by Lucius J. Barker, Michael W. Combs, Kevin L. Lyles, H.W. L. Perry Jr, and Twiley Barker. Published by Longman. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education. A01_BARK2687_09_SE_FM.QXD 8/19/10 7:06 PM Page ix Confidentiality of News Sources 185 Branzburg v. Hayes (1972)[online]* Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart (1976) [online]* The Press and Damage to Reputation 186 New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) 189 Freedom of Association 196 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People v. Alabama(1958) 198 Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000) [online]* Selected References 201 PARTIII FREEDOMOFRELIGION 203 CHAPTER6 THEESTABLISHMENTCLAUSE 204 History and Context 204 Current Judicial Approaches 206 Religious Schools and Public Money: Parochiaid 207 Everson v. Board of Education(1947) 209 Board of Education v. Allen(1968) [online]* The LemonTest and More Parochiaid 213 Parochiaid and Higher Education 216 Lemon v. Kurtzman(1971)[online]* Committee for Public Education and Religious Liberty v. Nyquist(1973) [online]* Mueller v. Allen (1983) [online]* Agostini v. Felton (1997) [online]* Zelman v. Simmons-Harris et al.(2002)[online]* Prayer and Religion in Public Schools 217 Engel et al. v. Vitale et al.(1962) 218 School District of Abington Township, Pennsylvania v. Schempp(1963) 223 Board of Education of Westside Community Schools v. Mergens (1990) [online]* Lee v. Weisman(1992) 233 Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe(2000) 243 Edwards v. Aguillard(1987) [online]* Good News Club v. Milford Central High School (2001) [online]* Van Orden v. Rick Perry (2005) [online]* Government-Sponsored Religious Symbols, Traditions, and Tax Exemptions 252 Lynch v. Donnelly(1984) 253 Selected References 260 CHAPTER7 THEFREEEXERCISEOFRELIGION 261 Early Free Exercise Jurisprudence 261 The State, Religious Beliefs and Practices, and the Free Exercise Clause 262 Minersville School District v. Gobitis (1940) [online]* Murdock v. Pennsylvania(1943) [online]* Sherbert v. Verner(1963) 263 Wisconsin v. Yoder(1972) 268 Hobbie v. Unemployment Appeals Commission of Florida (1987) [online]* *http://www.pearsonhighered.com/barker9e Contents ix Civil Liberties and the Constitution: Cases and Commentaries, 9th Edition by Lucius J. Barker, Michael W. Combs, Kevin L. Lyles, H.W. L. Perry Jr, and Twiley Barker. Published by Longman. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education.