^ . 30 70/7/ THE LIBRARY OF THE JUL 26 1972 UNlVERShV 0^- at URBANA-CHAMPAiGH CIVIL ADMINISTRATION OOCES OF THE RYUKYU ISLANDS REPORT FOR PERIOD 1 JULY 1970 TO 30 JUNE 1971 VOL XIX (RCS CSCAMG-5) HIGH COMMISSIONER OF THE RYUKYU ISLANDS V c . ' •;t - -ii.f €*jfev ““ . j . •» * u.^; D ' ‘, i ^ 1' It/-" , rw . , i3 I r •>--. I t u , 1 . -.^. i; t , - . - -. T . r >c 1^-. hr^r W ,• rif V-i. ;■$'• ■ • r ii 1 .'ii^.l -' '■•r. - C?>’r -'■» \ kv .j;!■■!'«*'•.- .:. • ■ . - . t Vr O /! i\ i : V, S, . ^^T :; ■" • j-ijr-* tJ» ':i- ». • V W“; Xi- J , . - , * ;\ T '?IT*V;v*n^ >• -V ' '-►:> •^ : r* ‘ ■ -. ■k»‘ _ ^•f-« . . . tr". * ^ ^ e: . **«*«•• ^ ^ ; * > ■ f./ r f ^ Jf* ^ "C--- ■ >'' .• • - .? ■ > r*''' -i >* ► * -»u, •■**• > . .^..^i,'#';. '»■ •</ ’ A; V-*VA vWi- ' i-vj* ' : ■» ..•, \-* •'S V-. .. >.v ". -r^ r. » - ■."/i*^i- 'V^ ■',. „■ ■ ’ i ■ *>•»;• ■- • i y' ’i V r • / . H :.' ..,. •. t- ■■» .-i.Ti - • • .- . . " '. .Jr ; ..L’ *- r ^ «« Jl- i?^i W7:-iST‘51 (■; '• .■" kit'll' , . yv .. y. 1* , ^vC '.. t ,.i 1', •,. f ‘ HQi ;>t5 7nr.».- ’ .‘1/ fW"•%? .«* •.k. ..-<'■ /. t A IT r ■ lilt I t \.r -r r -4 i c ‘ ' J • i i • »• FOREWORD The year in review was an eventful one, culminating in the signing on June 17, 1971 of the Reversion Agreement between the United States and Japan. Treating all aspects of the return to Japan of administrative rights over the Ryukyu and Daito Islands, this carefully negotiated Agreement will, when ratified and brought into effect, secure for the Okinawan people their long-sought goal of reincorporation in the Japa¬ nese homeland. Preparations for a smooth and orderly turnover of civil authority to Japan at reversion were a major USCAR preoccupation throughout the year. Pursuant to a U.S. proposal of July 1970 in the U.S.-Japan-Ryukyus re¬ version Preparatory Commission, a substantial number of USGAR functions, mostly of advice and assistance to the Ryukyuan Government, were relin¬ quished to the Japanese Government in late 1970. A progressive phasing down of the USGAR organization resulted in reduction of the American and Rynkyuan staff from 302 at the beginning of the year under review to 221 at the end. A further major step toward reversion was the election in November 1970 of the first postreversion Okinawan representatives to the National Diet of Japan. The year was marked by growing Okinawan uncertainty and concern over the impact of reversion. Every adult Okinawan wondered how the shift to Japa¬ nese control would affect his job, the cost of living and other aspects of his existence. It was also a year of increasingly frequent strikes by the ZENGUNRO union of U.S. base workers, protesting reductions-in-force which the U.S. military services were obliged to carry out as a result of world wide reductions in defense expenditures and force realignments. Crimes and traffic accidents involving Americans and Okinawans became an increas¬ ing source of friction, manifested most seriously in the Koza riots of December 1970. Overall, however, despite increased tensions and minority agitation against the U.S. bases, public order was effectively maintained by Ryukyuan and U.S. law enforcement agencies working in close cooperation The Ryukyuan economy continued to make impressive gains. Gross National Product rose nearly 16 percent to $985,3 million, exceeded by an over 16 percent rise in per capita income to $907, among the highest in Asia. Although U.S, direct aid was reduced with reversion in the offing, the United States continued to contribute greatly to the prosperous and grow¬ ing economy. Base expenditures were approximately $240 million, over 24 percent of the GNP, and U.S. financial input of all kinds, including tourism and sizable private investment, exceeded $420 million. Economic growth was accompanied by further increases in the demand for water and electric power. Construction proceeded on the Fukuji Dam and reservoir in northern Okinawa, with a planned water storage capacity ten times that now available. The importance of the Fukuji project, scheduled 1 for completion in late 1972, was highlighted by a serious drought in the summer of 1971 requiring two months of stringent water rationing. An ad¬ ditional generating unit boosted the rated capacity of the island power system to 417,600 kilowatts. U.S.-funded basic sewage treatment systems in the municipalities of Naha and Ginowan commenced full operation, and efforts to expand the number of households and villages served by the systems continued. As Reversion Day drew nearer, advances on many fronts through effective U.S.-Japanese“Ryuk5man cooperation augured well for the future progress of the Okinawan people and the continued viability of the U.S. bases in U.S.-Japan mutual security interest. ROBERT A. FEAREY Civil Administrator • • 11 CIVIL ADMINISTRATION OF THE RYUKYU ISLANDS REPORT FOR PERIOD I JULY 1970 TO 30 JUNE 1971 Cfi'i :~.-J .-vl^. r. tll . c » r -'• >:-4 un'V-'rt'T tTnp*; I. . "•’??: ti ■» » -d wll I uCR .' f ••iM-. .w‘ vCiibll I _ J ' V 4 . :*!fr •J ..^ y'-n: r OT€l ‘ J .1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Front Cover ~ Secretary of State William P. Rogers signs the Okinawa Reversion Agreement in Washington in the presence of (L-R) Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Thomas H. Moorer; Secretary of the Army Stanley R, Resor; Japanese Ambassador Nobuhiko Ushiba (seated); Under Secretary of State U. Alexis Johnson; Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird. Back Cover - Recent construction in the Ryukyu Islands. Page Foreword.. i Table of Contents. v Glossary of Terms. xv The Year in Review. xxi PART I - GOVERNMENTAL, POLITICAL, AND LEGAL CHAPTER 1 - GOVERNMENT IN THE RYUKYU ISLANDS.. 3 The Government of the Ryukyu Islands Legislature...... 3 43d Extraordinary Session. 3 44th Regular Session. 3 Executive Branch of the Government of the Ryukyu Islands. 7 Policies and Programs of the High Commissioner.... 8 CHAPTER 2 « POLITICAL PARTIES AND DEVELOPMENTS. 9 General. 9 Reversion. 9 Chemical Munitions. 11 Koza Riot. 13 Senkaku Islands. 13 Visits by Nuclear-Powered Vessels. 14 Proposed Commercial Jet Pilot Training Center on Shimoji. 14 B-52 Operations from Kadena Air Base. 14 Party Conventions. 15 Diet Elections. 15 Local Elections. 16 CHAPTER 3 - PREPARATIONS FOR REVERSION. 19 Reversion Agreement. 19 Preparatory Commission. 20 Government of the Ryukyus. 20 Okinawa Bureau of the Okinawa-Nor them Territories Agency. 21 U.S. Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands. 22 CHAPTER 4 - LEGAL AND JUDICIAL AFFAIRS. 23 General. 23 Legislation Screening Committee. 23 V CHAPTER 4 - LEGAL AND JUDICIAL AFFAIRS (Continued) Page High Commissioner Legislation. 24 High Commissioner Clemency Board.. 24 USCAR Courts. 25 Prosecutions. 25 USCAR Superior Court. 25 USCAR Civil Court. 26 USCAR Sessions Court. 26 U.S. Land Tribunal. 26 GRI Courts..... 27 Prosecutions. 27 The GRI Judiciary. 27 Training Programs. 28 Trial Observer Program. 29 Land Program. .. 30 General. 30 Claims. 31 U.S. Land Holdings and Rentals. 31 Training Permits. 32 Encroachments. .. 32 Licensing Program. 32 GRI Land Survey Program.\ ^. 32 CHAPTER 5 - PUBLIC SAFETY. 33 Government of the Ryuk m Islands Police and Law Enforcement.... 33 3 General.*.. 33 Police Department. 33 Legislation. 33 Revision of Memorandum of Understanding for Investigative.... Procedures. 34 Criminal Identification and Crime Laboratory. 35 Crime Trends. 36 Rallies and Demonstrations. 38 Police Construction and Equipment. 39 Police Maritime Fleet. 40 Police Training. 40 Penal and Correctional Institutions. 41 Prisons. 41 Ryukyu Reformatory.. 41 Ryukyu Juvenile Classification Home. 42 Parole Board.. 43 Supervision Office. 44 Safety.. 44 Traffic. 44 Mercy Flights. 46 Drownings. 46 Immigration...T.... 47 Simplification of Travel Application Procedures. 47 vi