Citizenship in Modern Britain C P Cavendish Publishing Limited London • Sydney Citizenship in Modern Britain Trevor Desmoyers-Davis C P Cavendish Publishing Limited London • Sydney First published in Great Britain 2001 by Cavendish Publishing Limited, The Glass House, Wharton Street, London WC1X 9PX, United Kingdom Telephone: +44 (0)20 7278 8000 Facsimile: +44 (0)20 7278 8080 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cavendishpublishing.com © Desmoyers-Davis, T 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE, UK, without the permission in writing of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Davis, Trevor Citizenship in modern Britain 1 Citizenship – Great Britain I Title 342.4'1'083 ISBN 1 85941 602 0 Printed and bound in Great Britain To Yoann, Kelvin and Martine. My mother And the memory of my father. Let the teaching of Citizenship open up fields of enquiry rather than deliver settled doctrines. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful for all the people who have helped in some way with this book. Trying to establish how to organise my thanks has been a challenge and, although it may not be obvious to all, there is a logic in the organisation of the following acknowledgments I must initially express my gratitude to Liz Sherratt, for it was Liz who started the whole ball rolling and had enough faith to invite me on board. I hope all is progressing well. Although when collectively referred to as ‘The Cavendish Girls’ they sound more like a sixties backing group, as opposed to a triumvirate of professional editors, I must thank Jo, Cara and especially Ruth. Throughout this project, I have always received positive and enthusiastic responses to even the most obvious of questions. I now speculate whether there exists a correlation between the usage of the words ‘wonderful’ and ‘super’ and the occupation of editor. Whist thanking the staff at Cavendish, I must also include Jon Raeside who conversely does not need to include the ‘Mr’. I am very appreciative to all who made comments on the early drafts of this book. Initially these were from a small but gallant band of students. The enthusiasm of Dominic Marsh was motivation in itself. I must also include Ruth Millman and Ros Lee who both played their part in looking at early drafts of the text. The greatest burden, however, fell to the reviewer of the first draft. To comment succinctly and perceptively upon a first draft is a skill that I had not appreciated until I read the comments provided by Prof John Greenwood, who reviewed the initial manuscript. John’s detailed, incisive and thoroughly professional review, pointing out omissions and anomalies, helped considerably in the shaping of the final text. From Miriam’s initial cartoon, I realised that the text would benefit considerably from the inclusion of illustrations and my thanks are extended to Yoann, who managed to provide both a cartoon and allowed his image to be published, so in that respect, he deserves double thanks. Thanks also to Margaret Pickford for the use of her image. The cartoonist in chief cannot pass without a particular mention. Special thanks are extended to Bob Cummings, aka BobZ, who rose to the combined challenges of translating my notes and transforming a vague idea into the cartoons within this book. Lastly, I need to thank those members of my immediate family who provided the time and space to allow me to disappear to the solitude of the workroom for long periods of time in order for the text to be completed. I am little concerned, however, by their enthusiasm for me to complete another text!! ix