./ CICERO, AGAINST VERRES, 2.1.53-86 Against Verres, Cicero, 2.1.53-86: Latin Text with Introduction, Study Questions, Commentary and English Translation Ingo Gildenhard Publishers Open Book Publishers CIC Ltd., 40 Devonshire Road, Cambridge, CB1 2BL, United Kingdom http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2011 Ingo Gildenhard Some rights are reserved. This book is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and non-commercial u se, providing author attribution is clearly stated. Details of allowances and restrictions are available at: http:/ /www.openbookpublishers.com As with all Open Book Publishers titles, digital material and resources associated with this volume are available from our website: http://www.openbookpublishers.com/product.php/96/7 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-906924-54-6 ISBN Paperback: 978-1-906924-53-9 ISBN Digital (pdf): 978-1-906924-55-3 ISBN e-book (e pub) : 978-1-906924-63-8 ISBN e-book (mobi): 978-1-906924-64-5 Cover Image: Statue of Cicero at the Palace of Justice in Brussels, photo: Stuart Bell. Typesetting by www.bookgenie.in All paper u sed by Open Book Publishers is SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initiative), PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes) and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certified. Printed in the United Kingdom and United States by Lightning Source for Open Book Publishers Contents Page .. Acknowledgements Vll . Preface lX Introduction 1 21 Latin Text and Study Questions Commentary 55 List of Abbreviations 167 List of Rhetorical Terms 169 Translation 175 Appendix: Issu es for Further Discussion 189 Map of Italy and the Greek East 193 Acknowledgements I am very grateful to the friends and colleagues who provided comments and feedback during my work on this volume, notably Benjamin Biesinger, Wolfgang Havener, Ted Kaizer, Myles Lavan, who also generously shared forthcoming work of his own, Mathew Owen, and Rik Van Wijlick. Closer to home, I would like to acknowledge the help of Norbert Gildenhard who read through an early draft, offering comments and corrections page by page, and Paola Ceccarelli who volunteered to design the map. I had hoped to include a reprint of Catherine Steel's superb analysis of the Lampsacus episode ('Being Economical with the J. J. Truth: What Really Happened at Lampsacus?', in Powell and Paterson (eds.), Cicero the Advocate, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 233-51) in this volume; unfortunately, problems to do with copyright interfered, but I am nevertheless very grateful for her personal agreement and support. Alessandra Tosi and Corin Throsby at Open Book Publishers have simply been wonderful in accommodating this rather unusual project as well as its urgent time frame. I also benefited much from the speedy endorsement and feedback offered by the two anonymous referees. As previous work, this volume profited considerably from the library resources of the Philologische Seminar of Tiibingen University, and I am once again extremely grateful to Professor Maennlein-Robert for offering hospitality. My most significant debt is to three PhD students in the Department of Classics & Ancient History at Durham University. Zara Chadha, Louise Hodgson, and Lauren Knifton generously volunteered to read through the penultimate draft, provided invaluable annotations, and agreed to join in a series of workshops (' having fun with Cicero') devoted to discussing issues to do with the volume large and small. Their eagle eyes spotted more embarrassing mistal<es than I care to remember; and ... Cicero, Against Verres, 2.1.53- 86 Vlll their good sen se and sensibility vastly improved the final product. Their critical engagement with the commentary and ability to improve upon m y own reading of Cicero exemplify m y notion of this volume's ideal reader. It is thus a particular pleasure to dedicate this book to them and their spirit of intellectual camaraderie. Preface This little volume has its origins in a coincidence. I had just finished w riting Creative Eloquence: The Construction ofR eality in Cicero's Speeches (Oxford, 2011), w hich involved some close analysis of Cicero's orations against Verres, when I was asked to give a lecture on how best to teach a new set-text that the Examination Board of Oxford, Cambridge, and the Royal Society of Arts (OCR) has specified for their A-Level Latin examination for the years 2012-2014. The passage in question, in Verrem 2.1.53-69, consists of some paragraphs on Verres' looting of artworks from Greek cities in Asia Minor during his legateship under Dolabella (§§ 53-62) and of about a third of the infamous episode at Lampsacus. Paragraphs 63- 69 contain an account of w hat happened when Verres visited the Greek city. According to Cicero, he tried to abduct and rape the daughter of the local notable Philodamus, which resulted in the death of one of his lictors and brought the inhabitants of the tow n to the brink of rioting. Paragraphs 70--86 deal with the aftermath of the sordid affair, including the trial and public execution of Philodamus and his son in what Cicero portrays as a blatant miscarriage of justice designed to cover up Verres' crimes. Part of the brief was to talk about the resources available for teaching the text. These turned out to be rather less spectacular than the chosen passage. There is, of course, T. N. Mitchell's superb Aris & Phillips edition w ith translation and commentary of Verrines II.1 (London, 1986), which remains an invaluable port of call for anyone working on, or teaching, (portions of) the speech. Yet one of the main purposes of the edition is to render the oration accessible to students without Latin, and thus the commentary, w hich is keyed to the translation, focuses on historical context rather than d etails of language and st yle (even though Mitchell's explication of the rhetorical texture is uniformly excellent). And other than that, one pretty much draws a blank, at least in term s of commentaries. I therefore decided to w rite up