Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament · 2.Reihe Herausgeber / Editor Jörg Frey (Zürich) Mitherausgeber / Associate Editors Friedrich Avemarie (Marburg) Markus Bockmuehl (Oxford) James A.Kelhoffer (Uppsala) Hans-Josef Klauck (Chicago,IL) 314 Ben C.Blackwell Christosis Pauline Soteriology in Light of Deification in Irenaeus and Cyril of Alexandria Mohr Siebeck Ben C.Blackwell,born 1974;2010 PhD from Durham University (England);2008– 2010 Research Assistant to N.T.Wright;currently Assistant Professor of Christianity at Houston Baptist University. e-ISBN PDF 978-3-16-151813-3 ISBN 978-3-16-151672-6 ISSN 0340-9570 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament,2.Reihe) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbiblio- graphie;detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. © 2011 by Mohr Siebeck,Tübingen,Germany. This book may not be reproduced,in whole or in part,in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission.This applies particularly to reproductions,translations,microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Laupp & Göbel in Nehren on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Nädele in Nehren. Printed in Germany. For Heather, Elam and Silas Preface This monograph is a slightly altered form of my doctoral thesis submitted to Durham University in 2010. I would like to thank Professor Jörg Frey and the editors for accepting this work as a part of the WUNT II series and the editorial staff at Mohr Siebeck who were so helpful in completing the project. In addition to the response from Professor Markus Bockmuehl, the feedback from Professors Lewis Ayres and John Riches at my viva im- proved this final output. When I told my brother Dan Blackwell that I was writing about theosis, his first question was ‘Can you die from that?’ His joke indicates the gen- eral lack of awareness in the West of alternate soteriological models that the Eastern church has found fundamental to their understanding of scrip- ture and theology for centuries. Some might argue that ascribing deifica- tion to Paul is foolish. We have his words recorded in Acts 14.15 in which he and Barnabas explicitly deny being gods. At the same time, Herod ac- cepted the acclamation of the crowds that he was a god, and, in fact, he did die from it (Acts 12.20-23). You’ll see that my argument about embody- ing Christ’s narrative does entail dying but his life is also shared through that experience. One of the most gratifying aspects of this project is the opportunity to reflect on the many people who have contributed to its completion. I am first indebted to those who helped me get to Durham and made our time there better. My academic career began at Ouachita Baptist University, where Scott Duvall, Danny Hays, and Terry Carter, among others, spurred my interest in the Bible, history, and theology at an academic level. I was later introduced to deification and patristic theology by Jeff Bingham and Scott Horrell at Dallas Theological Seminary. We have many friends from churches along the way that have encouraged me along this path, but the community at Carrville Methodist Church in Durham stands above them all as a source of love and encouragement. My experience at Durham was better than I could ask for. Since doc- toral studies demand much individual work, they are often noted as a lonely affair, but the support from friends and family kept it from being anything but lonely. All my fellow researchers in the 37 N. Bailey offices served as insightful conversation partners, especially Nijay Gupta and John VIII Preface Goodrich for all things Pauline and Kevin Hill for all things patristic. In addition to their insight, I am especially appreciative for the time col- leagues took out of their busy schedules to respond to sections of the the- sis: Mark Mathews, Jason Maston, Ben Dunson, Francis Watson, Mike Gorman, and especially Kevin Hill who read the whole thesis. Also, as much as any other David Litwa has spurred me to think more broadly and write more precisely through our conversations and emails. I am very grateful for Professor John Barclay’s supervision of this pro- ject. His insights into the project greatly improved this final output, as well as my own intellectual and professional development. Importantly, he models not only top scholarship but also graciousness and friendliness, along with the rest of his family. I cannot thank John enough for his help overall and for the time he gave to this project during his sabbatical. Along with John, Loren Stuckenbruck as my secondary supervisor and Tom Wright contributed significantly. Loren offered much more time and input than was expected in this secondary role, for which I am most appre- ciative. During my time in Durham, I had the pleasure of working with Tom Wright as his research assistant for two years. My studies were defi- nitely enriched though this work and by our various discussions. I must also give a note of gratitude for the extra time he allowed me in the last stages just before submission. In addition to their input in the project, I want to thank the faculty of the Department for their support throughout and for helping me secure the Durham University Doctoral Fellowship. My family has walked alongside me throughout my academic studies. Above all, my parents Mack and Brenda Blackwell helped spark my love of study and have been generous with love and encouragement throughout. At the same time, Bill and Patt Elam, Norm and Alice MacDonald, and Rob and Sue Mills, my wife’s family, have treated me like I was their own and have generously supported us, each in their own way. And finally, my studies in England were most enriched by my immedi- ate family: Heather, Elam, and Silas. We all embarked on this journey to- gether and enjoyed almost every minute of it. Elam and Silas are two of the best kids a dad could ever ask for. As my wife, Heather has always shown her love and encouragement, and she even put up with NFL nights every Sunday in Durham. She, like no other, has helped me keep going when I didn’t want to and celebrated the victories with me along the way. Thanks to you all! September 2011 Ben C. Blackwell Table of Contents (cid:2)Preface .................................................................................................. VII(cid:2) Table of Contents .................................................................................... IX(cid:2) List of Tables ........................................................................................ XV(cid:2) List of Illustrations ............................................................................... XVI(cid:2) Abbreviations ..................................................................................... XVII(cid:2) I. Setting the Stage ............................................................................... 1(cid:2) 1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 3(cid:2) 1. The Question ..................................................................................... 3(cid:2) 2. Review of Literature.......................................................................... 5(cid:2) 2.1 Histories of Deification ................................................................ 6(cid:2) 2.1.1 Jules Gross ............................................................................ 6(cid:2) 2.1.2 Norman Russell ..................................................................... 6(cid:2) 2.2 Morna Hooker ............................................................................. 7(cid:2) 2.3 Stephen Finlan ............................................................................. 8(cid:2) 2.4 M. David Litwa ........................................................................... 9(cid:2) 2.5 Michael Gorman ........................................................................ 11(cid:2) 2.6 Issues and Questions .................................................................. 13(cid:2) 3. Route of Study: History of Interpretation ........................................ 14(cid:2) 3.1 Two Paths .................................................................................. 14(cid:2) 3.2 Hermeneutical Justification and Methodology ........................... 15(cid:2) 3.3 Conclusion ................................................................................. 24(cid:2) 4. Selection of Patristic Theologians ................................................... 25(cid:2) 4.1 Criteria For Selection ................................................................. 25(cid:2) 4.2 Selection of Irenaeus as the Early Writer ................................... 26(cid:2) 4.3 Selection of Cyril of Alexandria as the Later Writer .................. 28(cid:2) 4.4 Formulations of Deification ....................................................... 29(cid:2) 5. Conclusion ...................................................................................... 31(cid:2) II. Patristic Views of Deification ..................................................... 33 2. Deification in Irenaeus .................................................................. 35(cid:2) 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 35(cid:2)