Christians Shaping Identity from the Roman Empire to Byzantium Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae texts and studies of early christian life and language Editors J. den Boeft B.D. Ehrman K. Greschat J. Lössl J. van Oort D.T. Runia C. Scholten Volume 132 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vcs Christians Shaping Identity from the Roman Empire to Byzantium Studies Inspired by Pauline Allen Edited by Geoffrey D. Dunn Wendy Mayer LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Christians shaping identity from the Roman Empire to Byzantium : studies inspired by Pauline Allen / edited by Geoffrey Dunn, Wendy Mayer.  pages cm. — (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae : texts and studies of early Christian life and language, ISSN 0920-623X ; Volume 132)  Includes index.  ISBN 978-90-04-29897-2 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-30157-3 (e-book) 1. Church history— Primitive and early church, ca. 30–600. 2. Identification (Religion)—History—To 1500. 3. Identity (Psychology)—Religious aspects—Christianity. I. Dunn, Geoffrey D., 1962– editor.  BR162.3.C49 2015  270—dc23 2015019142 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0920-623X isbn 978-9004-29897-2 (hardback) isbn 978-9004-30157-3 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations x List of Contributors xiii 1 Introduction 1 Wendy Mayer and Geoffrey D. Dunn PART 1 The Roman Empire before Constantine 2 Jews, Gentiles and Ethnic Identity in the Gospel of Matthew 25 David C. Sim 3 Die Herkunft der Christen in der Apologie des Aristides: Baustein zu einem Kommentar 48 Michael Lattke 4 What did Ancient Christians Say when they Cast out Demons? Inferences from Spells and Amulets 64 Theodore de Bruyn PART 2 The Late Antique East 5 On Being a Christian in Late Antiquity: St Basil the Great between the Desert and the City 85 Andrew Louth 6 The Likeness to God and the Imitation of Christ: The Transformation of the Platonic Tradition in Gregory of Nyssa 100 Shigeki Tsuchihashi 7 Origen after the Origenist Controversy 117 Miyako Demura vi contents 8 Shaping the Sick Soul: Reshaping the Identity of John Chrysostom 140 Wendy Mayer PART 3 The Late Antique West 9 Theory and Practice in Ambrose: De officiis and the Political Interventions of the Bishop of Milan 167 Mary Sheather 10 Jerome as Priest, Exegete, and ‘Man of the Church’ 186 Philip Rousseau 11 The Use of Comparison and Contrast in Shaping the Identity of a Desert Monk 208 Jacobus P.K. Kritzinger 12 Augustine’s Scriptural Exegesis in De sermone Domini in monte and the Shaping of Christian Perfection 225 Naoki Kamimura 13 Shaping the Poor: The Philosophical Anthropology of Augustine in the Context of the Era of Crisis 248 Kazuhiko Demura 14 Innocent I on Heretics and Schismatics as Shaping Christian Identity 266 Geoffrey D. Dunn PART 4 Byzantium 15 Ariadne Augusta: Shaping the Identity of the Early Byzantine Empress 293 Brian Croke Contents vii 16 Dream Interpretation and Christian Identity in Late Antique Rome and Byzantium 321 Bronwen Neil 17 Shaping Coptic Christian Identity: Severus and the Adoption in Egypt of the Cult of the Forty Martyrs 342 Youhanna Nessim Youssef 18 The Treatment of Ecumenical Councils in Byzantine Chronicles 364 Roger Scott 19 Flights of Fancy: Some Imaginary Debates in Late Antiquity 385 Averil Cameron PART 5 Reading the Past, Shaping the Present 20 The Personal Identity of Jesus Christ: Alois Grillmeier’s Contribution to its Conceptualisation 409 Michael Slusser 21 Christological Declarations with Oriental Churches 426 Theresia Hainthaler 22 ‘Historical Development’ and Early Christianity: George Tyrrell’s Modernist Adaptation and Critique 454 Elizabeth A. Clark 23 Male-Centred Christology and Female Cultic Incapability: Women’s impedimentum sexus 478 Kari Elisabeth Børresen Index of Primary Sources 503 General Index 508 Acknowledgements It is with gratitude that we acknowledge the editorial board of Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae and their readers for their advice to authors and their work on the manuscript. We also thank all those who reviewed the articles in their first draft, in response to which a number of the authors made substantive changes. Without both levels of review the volume would be much impover- ished. The assistance of the editorial staff at Brill, especially Mattie Kuiper and Louise Schouten, is deeply appreciated and we thank them for expediting the volume. Geoffrey Dunn and Wendy Mayer are both former doctoral students of Pauline Allen. Her inspiration, drive, and exemplum as a researcher have greatly enriched and in many ways enabled their own careers. This book is a small token of the incalculable ways in which both as a remarkable person and as an outstanding researcher she has fostered the careers of countless other scholars and in which she has for so many years served to further early Christian studies as a field.