Christianity and Moral Identity in Higher Education Previous Publications Perry L. Glanzer Christian Faith and Scholarship: An Exploration of Contemporary Developments (2007) Readings in American Educational Thought: From Puritanism to Progressivism (Ed. 2004) The Quest for Russia’s Soul: Evangelicals and Moral Education in Post- Communist Russia (2002) Todd C. Ream Christian Faith and Scholarship: An Exploration of Contemporary Debates (2007) Christianity and Moral Identity in Higher Education Perry L. Glanzer and Todd C. Ream CHRISTIANITY AND MORAL IDENTITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION Copyright © Perry L. Glanzer and Todd C. Ream, 2009. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-61240-2 All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-37728-2 ISBN 978-0-230-10149-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230101494 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Glanzer, Perry L. (Perry Lynn) Christianity and moral identity in higher education / Perry L. Glanzer and Todd C. Ream. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Education, Higher—Moral and ethical aspects. 2. Moral education (Higher) 3. Education, Higher—Religious aspects—Christianity. I. Ream, Todd C. II. Title. LB2324.G53 2009 378'.014—dc22 2009023757 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: December 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Rhonda and Sara This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: The Turn to Less than Human Moral Education: The Moral Reservations of Contemporary Universities 1 Part I The Story of Moral Education in Higher Education One: L ove in the University: Moral Development and Moral Orientation 11 Two: S earching for a Common, Tradition-Free Approach to Moral Education: The Failed Quest 31 Three: The Rise of Less than Human Moral Education 57 Four: The Quandary Facing Contemporary Higher Education: Moral Education in Postmodern Universities 75 Part II A More Human Education: Moral Identity and Moral Orientation Five: Who Are We? The Identities Universities Use To Provide Moral Orientation 97 Six: Searching for a More Human Moral Education: Three Approaches 113 Seven: M oral Education in the Christian Tradition: Contemporary Exemplars 131 Eight: Moral Identity, Moral Autonomy, and Critical Thinking 159 viii Contents Part III Strengthening the Moral Tradition of Christian Humanism Nine: Christian Humanism and Christ-Centered Education: The Redemptive Development of Humans and Human Creations 181 Ten: A More Human Christian Education: Cultivating and Ordering the Great Identities 201 Conclusion: Transforming Human Animals into Saints 221 Notes 225 Select Bibliography 259 Index 271 Acknowledgments The older we have become, the more we realize that any labor, partic- ularly labors of love, are far more communal endeavors than individ- ual. Ideas do not merely come to us in isolation but through the relationships we are fortunate enough to share with others. As a result, any list of acknowledgements will prove to be insufficient. Persons in our past and present have helped shape our passion for see- ing how colleges and universities can fulfill their rightful duties as instruments of character formation. We have encountered some of these persons through more theoretical work. They made their pres- ence known to us through their words both spoken and in print. To this end, we are deeply indebted to figures past and present such as Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Alasdair MacIntyre, Stanley Hauerwas, and Charles Taylor. We have encountered some of these persons through more practical work. They made their presence know to us through administrative decisions that needed to be made. Although confidentiality demands that we must protect their anonymity, we think of students we have driven to rehabilitation centers, sat with in court and even suspended hoping and praying that they would decide to return to campus with the virtues more firmly pressed upon their hearts and minds. The communities of Baylor University and Indiana Wesleyan University provided us with places to live out our commitments to the academic vocation. This project started several years ago with a Horizons Grant offered by the Baylor’s Institute for Faith and Learning. Both Baylor University and Indiana Wesleyan University were also generous in their subsequent provision of additional travel funds and summer sabbaticals. For the gracious support we received from both universities, we thank Jade Avelis, Michael D. Beaty, Ronnie L. Fritz, Douglas V. Henry, David Lyle Jeffrey, Jerry Pattengale, and Alleta Tippey. We would also thank The Louisville Institute and its Executive Director, James W. Lewis, for providing us with the funding needed to expand the breadth and depth of this effort. Finally, we would like to thank the research assistants we have had the plea- sure to work with over the course of the last couple of years, Brian C. Clark, Edith Davis, Konstantin Petrenko, and Pedro Villarreal. This