TEACHER’S MANUAL 8 I M A G E O F G O D S E R I E S® B CChhrriisstt WWiitthh UUss NNooww aanndd AAllwwaayyss A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CHURCH Second Edition CONTENTS  Unit 8  Europe Moves toward Feudalism 19 Church and State—to Mix or Separate? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 20 Charlemagne—Protector of the Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 21 The Church in the Age of Feudalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92  Unit 1  The Beginning of the Church 1 The Gospels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1  Unit 9  The Medieval Church 2 You Are to Be My Witnesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 22 The Medieval Religious Mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 3 Pentecost—The Church Is Born . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 23 Medieval Church Reforms and Reformers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 24 Medieval Church Conflicts—the Crusades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109  Unit 2  The Infant Church 4 Giving in Christ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Unit 10  The Church in Need of Renewal 5 How Much Should I Give? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 25 The Church Travels a Troubled Road . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 6 Lack of Giving—Lack of Love . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 26 Who Will Come and Save the Church? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 27 The Church Continues to Suffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127  Unit 3  Two Great Servants of Christ: Saint Stephen and Saint Paul 7 Stephen, the First Martyr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Unit 11  An Age of Reform and Evangelization 8 Paul, from Persecutor of Christians to Great 28 The Protestant Reformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Christian Saint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 29 The Protestant Reformation Spreads to England . . . . . . . . . 138 30 The Church Is Finally Renewed—the Council of Trent . . . 143  Unit 4  The Church—Mystical Person of Christ 9 Jesus, Where Are You When I Need You the Most? . . . . . . . 34 Unit 12  The Church in a Modern World 10 All for One and One for All! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 31 The French Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 32 The Age of Enlightenment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151  Unit 5  The Church Persecuted—the Church Victorious 33 Years of Storm, Years of Hope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 11 The Roman Persecution of the Church . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 12 The Triumph of the Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163  Unit 6  The Church Faces a New World 13 The Church—Free at Last! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 14 The Early Church—Organization and Structure . . . . . . . . . . 60 15 God—Our Hope in Ages Past . . . and in the Present . . . . . . . 63  Unit 7  An Age of Heresy and an Age of Truth 16 Arianism—The Threat Returns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 17 Servant of the Servants of God: Pope Gregory I . . . . . . . . . . 75 18 Into the Darkness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH Unit Objectives Preparation The materials needed for this lesson are notebook paper; Bibles; 1. To introduce the students to the Acts of the Apostles. markers; and poster board (optional). 2. To examine the events surrounding the coming of the Holy Spirit on Pentecost. 3. To discuss Peter’s first actions as leader of the infant Church. Proclamation “The more we share the life of Christ and progress in His friendship, LESSON 1: THE GOSPELS the more difficult it is to break away from him by mortal sin” (CCC 1395). Lesson Objectives Explanation 1. To examine the idea of friendship in general. 2. To learn that friendship is related to the Church—how the Church is a friend to us, and how we return the Church’s friendship. Begin the lesson by writing the phrase “Friendship means . . .” on the 3. To introduce the Acts of the Apostles. board. Give the students a minute or two to write their own endings to the phrase, and then ask them to volunteer answers. Try to bring out the ideas of loyalty, sharing, and loving. Correspondence to the Catechism of the Catholic Church If you choose, share with the students how friends have helped you, or talk about a friend who has made a difference in your life. Church as communion with Jesus: CCC 787–89 Church as instituted by Christ Jesus: CCC 763–66 Forgiveness: CCC 2842–45, 2862 Friendship: CCC 1829, 1939, 2010, 2347 Friendship with God: CCC 277, 355, 374, 396, 1395, 1468, 1863 1 UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH Have the students begin reading Lesson 1. Allow them time to complete Application the friendship exercise on p. 1. Have the students complete the exercise on p. 2. UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH LESSON 1: THE GOSPELS Friends. Everyone wants to have them, and everyone needs them. On the lines below, write examples of ways in which the Church shows us loyalty, shares with us, and Friends are people we like and who like us. Friends are loyal. They stick forgives us. by us even in the toughest of times, and we stick by them. Friends are people we enjoy being with. We share our time and secrets with them, 1. Loyalty T h e C h u r c h s h o w s l o y a l t y b y b e i n g t h e r e f o r u s t h r o u g h o u t a l l t h e s t a g e s o f l i f e : and they share with us. Often friends share the same valu es. Friends are people who care about us and love us, and we feel the same way toward birth (Baptism), growing up (First Reconciliation, First Communion, and Confi rmation), choosing a them. We forgive our friends when they hurt us, and we help them vocation (Holy Orders or Matrimony), and illness or death (Anointing of the Sick). whenever we can. Think about one of your friends. On the lines below list one way 2. Sharing T h e C h u r c h s h a r e s w it h u s t h r o u g h t h e l e t t e r s o f t h e P o p e a n d t h e b i s h o p s , t h r o u g h that your friend has making religion classes available to all parishioners, through the Eucharist, etc. 1. shown you kindness 3. Forgiveness T h e C h u r c h f o r g i v e s u s t h r o u g h t h e S a c r a m e n t o f R e c o n c i l i a t i o n . 2. been loyal to you A true friendship has to be a two-way street. What we receive from a friend we should give back in 3. shared something with you return. This mutual loyalty, sharing, and forgiveness keeps the relationship alive and healthy.  Learn more about how the Sacraments help us maintain our friendship with Christ by 4. forgiven you reading CCC 1468 and YOUCAT 219. List some ways you can be loyal to the Church, share with the Church, and show forgiveness to other 5. helped you members of the Church. 1. Loyalty F o ll o w t h e T e n C o m m a n d m e n t s , l e a r n w h a t t h e C h u r c h t e a c h e s , l i v e a c c o r d i n g t o h e r God’s Friends teachings. Saint Luke, one of the four Gospel writers, wanted to do more than write a narrative of Jesus’ life, 2. Sharing G i v e o f y o u r t i m e , t a l e n t , a n d t r e a s u r e t o h e l p t h e C h u r c h . death, and Resurrection. He wanted to fi nish the story by telling what happened on earth when Jesus returned to His Father in Heaven. Luke’s continued story is known as the Acts of the Apostles. In Acts, Luke talks about the beginning of Jesus’ Church. Luke addresses his writing to a person he calls “Theophilus”. The Greek word theophilus means “friend of God”. In writing to Theo philus, Luke 3. Forgiveness F o r g i v e o t h e r s a s J e s u s f o r g i v e s y o u . writes to all people who want to be God’s friends. Jesus returned to Heaven when His public life on earth was ended. However, He chose to be with us forever in a new and exciting way. Jesus is always with us through the Church. As a friend stays loyal to us, helps us, and forgives us, so Jesus through the Church shows us these same signs of LESSON 2: YOU ARE TO BE MY WITNESSES friendship. Jesus’ public life ended at His crucifi xion and death. On Easter Sund ay He rose from His tomb, conquering sin and death forever. For forty days afterward, He appeared at different times to His 1 Apostles and other followers. Eventually, however, the time came for Jesus to return to His home in Heaven. 2 2 UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH Extending the Lesson LESSON 2: YOU ARE TO BE MY WITNESSES Have the students work in pairs on the following project. Distribute one piece of poster board to each pair, and have them write at the top, “We Lesson Objectives show our friendship with the Church by . . . ” . Have the students finish the sentence and illustrate their ideas. Display the posters. 1. To learn about Jesus’ last instructions to His Apostles before His return to the Father.  Have the students look up CCC 1468 and YOUCAT 219 and discuss 2. To examine feelings of loneliness and relate them to the Apostles’ how the Sacraments help us maintain our friendship with Christ. feelings after Jesus’ Ascension. 3. To examine the term “witness to Christ”, and to consider how Celebration students can become witnesses to Christ. Lead the students in praying the Our Father (Prayers to Know, student text p. 99). Correspondence to the Catechism of the Catholic Church Mission of the Apostles: CCC 858–60, 869 Pentecost: CCC 731–32 Prayer: CCC 2558–67, 2590–91, 2644 Prayer of Mary: CCC 2617–19, 2622 Twelve Apostles: CCC 551–53 Preparation The materials needed for this lesson are Bibles; pieces of plain paper; and colored pencils or markers. Proclamation “The Holy Spirit makes me receptive to God; he teaches me to pray and helps me to be there for others” (YOUCAT 120). 3 UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH On the lines below, write examples of ways in which the Church shows us loyalty, shares with us, and forgives us. 1. Loyalty T h e C h u r c h s h o w s l o y a l t y b y b e i n g t h e r e f o r u s t h r o u g h o u t a l l t h e s t a g e s o f l i f e : birth (Baptism), growing up (First Reconciliation, First Communion, and Confi rmation), choosing a vocation (Holy Orders or Matrimony), and illness or death (Anointing of the Sick). 2. Sharing T h e C h u r c h s h a r e s w it h u s t h r o u g h t h e l e t t e r s o f t h e P o p e a n d t h e b i s h o p s , t h r o u g h making religion classes available to all parishioners, through the Eucharist, etc. UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH 3. Forgiveness T h e C h u r c h f o r g i v e s u s t h r o u g h t h e S a c r a m e n t o f R e c o n c i l i a t i o n . A true friendship has to be a two-way street. What we receive from a friend we should give back in return. This mutual loyalty, sharing, and forgiveness keeps the relationship alive and healthy. ExplanLaeatrin omonre about how the Sacraments help us maintain our friendship with Christ by reading CCC 1468 and YOUCAT 219. List some ways you can be loyal to the Church, share with the Church, and show forgiveness to other UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH members of the Church. Tell the students that the birthday of the Church took place on the great Jewish fe1.a Lsoyta ldty a F y o ll o o w f t h eP T e e nn C t o e m m c a o n d s m te n, t s a , n l e ad r n iw t h a ti s t h ei m C h u p r c h o t re at c a h en s , t l i vt e o a c cl oo r d o i n gk t o a h t e r s o me of the occurrencteeasch ilnegsa.ding up to this important event. Read Acts 1:1–10 and then answer the following questions. 2. Sharing G i v e o f y o u r t i m e , t a l e n t , a n d t r e a s u r e t o h e l p t h e C h u r c h . 1. Whom did Jesus promise to send to His Apostles? T h e H o l y S p i r i t Have the students read and discuss the bottom of textbook p. 2 and complete3. Ftohrgeiv eenexsse r F c o r i g s i v e e os t h oe r s n a s p J . e s 3u s . f o r g i v e s y o u . 2. What instructions did Jesus give the Apostles? T o b e H i s w i t n e s s e s i n J e r u s a l e m , throughout Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth After these fi nal instructions, Jesus ascended to Heaven and the LESSON 2: YOU ARE TO BE MY WITNESSES Apos tles were left alone. They began the walk back to Jerusalem, where they would wait for Jesus to fulfi ll His promises to them. Jesus’ public life ended at His crucifi xion and death. On Easter Sund ay He rose from His tomb, In Jerusalem, the Apostles were staying in an “upper room”. conquering sin and death forever. For forty days afterward, He appeared at different times to His Per haps this was the same place the Apostles had rented for the Apostles and other followers. Eventually, however, the time came for Jesus to return to His home Passover meal, or it may have been a room in the house of the in Heaven. Gospel writer Mark. The Apostles; Jesus’ Mother, Mary; and other followers of Christ were gathered in prayer there for nine days. During this time Peter made his fi rst decision as new leader of the 2 Apostles: to replace Judas and bring the number of Apostles back to twelve. List from memory as many of the twelve Apostles as you can: Ask: How do you think the Apostles felt when Jesus left them? (As 1. Peter the students discuss their answers, be sure that fear, anger, and 2. John confusion, as well as loneliness, are mentioned. It might be helpful 3. Matthew to talk about a time when you have experienced loneliness, or to 4. Thomas ask the students to share their feelings about times when they have 5. Andrew been left behind.) 6. Philip 7. James the Greater Write the word “witness” on the board. 8. James the Lesser 9. Simon Ask: What does the word “witness” mean? How have you heard this 10. Jude 11. Bartholomew word used? (Discuss the verb first—for example, to witness an auto 12. Judas Iscariot accident. Elicit from student discussion the meaning of the verb “witness”: to observe an event with your own eyes. Next, discuss 3 the noun “witness”—for example, to be a witness at someone’s trial. Help the students understand that as a witness, one is asked to tell what one knows to others—to testify.) 4 UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH The Apostles had been with Jesus for three years and had witnessed Application His saving message and His marvelous deeds. Now the Apostles were commanded by our Lord to go to the ends of the earth and to be witnesses to all people, testifying everything they could about the Savior, Jesus. Have the students complete the exercise on the top of p. 4. Christian witnesses spread the message of God through their words and actions. Ask the class to list ways that they can be witnesses for Christ—for UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH example, by being kind to others, defending their Faith, and sharing what they have with others. Read Acts 1:21–26. Answer the following questions. Exercise on the Twelve Apostles. The exercise on the bottom of textbook 1. Who was chosen as the new Apostle? M a t t h i a s p. 3 asks the students to list from memory as many of the Apostles as they 2. What requirements did this new Apostle have to fulfi ll? T o h a v e b e e n o n e o f J e s u s ‛ can. After one minute, call on individuals and have each give you one followers from the time of Jesus‛ baptism until His Ascension; to have witnessed name. Write on the board the names the class gives you, and fill in any the Resurrection. they may have missed. Luke tells us that the new replacement for Judas was chosen after all the Apostles in the upper room had spent time in prayer. Write a paragraph about a time when you prayed before making an Ask: What can you tell us about the Apostles? important decision. (Accept any reasonable answers.) Some of the better-known facts about the Apostles: Peter: denied Jesus three times; leader of the Apostles; first Pope  Learn more about the authority of the Church by reading CCC 553 and YOUCAT 13. James the Greater: first Apostle to die for Christ John: youngest of the Apostles; Gospel writer; only Apostle to die a LESSON 3: PENTECOST—THE CHURCH IS BORN natural death; took care of Jesus’ Mother after Jesus’ death Simon: member of a radical Jewish group, the Zealots The replacement for JudasTh we biarthsd acy ohf othes Cehnurc hb toyo kd plracae won ai dnayg th lato mtasrk.e d( tTheh e number Matthew: a former tax collector; Gospel writer twelve was important becgtahraeunatk ssJ etewo iGsthoh dfe efaos rt ttohwfe P weenhteleavcto hesat.r vOAens tpt haniosd d sfaoytr ltthheee sLpe aoswpy lteh maotf wIbsarsao eglil vgieaznv eteo the Thomas: name means “twin”; did not believe that Jesus had risen from the fulfillment of the twelve trMiobsees osn Moofu nIts Srinaai.e Ml ainny p etohplee c aOmel fdrom T suerrsoutnadimng aerenast to.) celeb rate together in Jerusalem. The time was just right for an event dead until he had placed his hand in Jesus’ wounds of great importance. As the disciples gathered together, the Holy Ask: What are some exaSpmirit pwals esesnt too fth etmh. Jees uws haad ykespt Hiins p rwomhisei! cRehad pAcets o2:1p–4l e are chosen Judas Iscariot: betrayed Jesus to fi nd out what took place. for team captains oTrh et Hoo ldy Sopi rict meardte ahiimnse lfj konobwsn ?by Ttwoh seig nasn: a sstwronegr, s should include violent wind and tongues of fi re. Wind and fi re have been recognized picking numbers, drawing names, and voting. The drawing of lots may as signs of God’s presence since ancient times. have been similar to drawing straws. Read the following Scripture passages and summarize them in a sentence or phrase: It is important to stress, hoExwodues v3:2e–r4 , M t h o s a e st m o e u e t rs G F o a d , i t w h h o t i es l i nl s t h u e sb u t s hh ta h t a t t he result was God’s will. It was not by m b u re n rs e b u c t h i s a n no t c c e o n ts uh m ae dt . M a t t h i a s w a s c h o s en. Prayer also played a role in Matthias’ election. Tell the students that prayer s4hould be a part of their decision-making process. The Holy Spirit will help and guide them if they but ask. 5 UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH  Ask the students to look up CCC 553 and YOUCAT 13 and discuss the authority of the Church. LESSON 3: PENTECOST—THE CHURCH IS BORN Extending the Lesson Lesson Objectives 1. Hail Holy Queen Prayer: Before the coming of the Holy Spirit, the Apostles and Mary were gathered together. Mary, who had brought Christ into the world, and who had been with Him all through His life, 1. To study the coming of the Holy Spirit on Pentecost and the birth was then present at the birth of His Church. Tell the students that a of the Church. good way to foster a love for Christ’s Church is to draw close to Mary by 2. To present a brief examination of the historical meaning of praying to her daily. An excellent prayer for the students to review is the Pentecost. Hail, Holy Queen on p. 100 of the textbook. 3. To discuss how the Holy Spirit affected and changed the Apostles. Give each of the students a piece of plain white paper and have them copy the prayer on the paper and decorate it as they wish. Go over Correspondence to the Catechism of the Catholic Church the prayer with the class to make sure that everyone understands the meaning of the words. Have the students memorize the prayer. Say it often during the school year. Church as instituted by Christ Jesus: CCC 763–66 Church as revealed by the Holy Spirit: CCC 767–68 2. The Beginning of the Church: Have students complete the optional worksheet for Unit 1 on p. 187 in the appendix. Expectation of the Messiah in Israel: CCC 711–16 Holy Spirit as the gift of God: CCC 733–36 Jesus as Messiah: CCC 436–40, 453 Celebration Mission of the Apostles: CCC 858–60, 869 Names, titles, and symbols of the Holy Spirit: CCC 691–701 Lead the students in praying the Hail, Holy Queen (Prayers to Know, Pentecost: CCC 731–32 student text p. 100). Twelve Apostles: CCC 551–53 6 UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH Preparation UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH The materials needed for this lesson are Bibles; examples of novenas; 4” × 5” sheets of plain paper for the class; and a video on Saint Paul Exodus 13:21–22 T h e L o r d l e a d s H i s p e o p l e t h r o u g h t h e d e s e r t i n a p i l l a r o f fi r e . and the early Church (optional). Possible videos include Paul the Apostle, directed by Roger Young (Vision Video, 2012), DVD; Paul: Contending for the Faith, Footprints of God Series, directed by Stephen Exodus 19:18 T h e L o r d c o m e s d o w n u p o n M o u n t S i n a i i n fi r e . Ray (Ignatius Press, 2003), DVD. Jerusalem was crowded with visitors at the time of Pentecost. It is no wonder that many people heard the noise in and around the house where the Apostles were. The visitors gathered to fi nd out what had UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH caused the noise. As they came closer and began to mingle with the Apostles, the visitors were both amazed and puzzled. Read Acts 2:5–11, and fi nd out why. Proclamation Write a paragraph describing what happened. Read Acts 1:21–26. Answer the following questions. A c t s 2 : 5 – 1 1 t e l l s o f t h e e x t r a o r d i n a r y g i f t o f t o n g u e s g i v e n t o t h e A p o s t l e s . T h e r e a r e t w o different meanings associated with the term “gift of tongues.” “The Ch1u. Wrhco hwa sw choasesn ams thea ndewe A pmostlae?n M i af t e t h s i a t s t o t h e w o r l d o n t h e d a y of Pentecost 1. T he Apostles were able to speak in foreign languages whenever they needed to, or they merely by the o2u. Wtphato reuquririenmegnt so difd tthhis neew H Apoosltlye h aSvep toi frulifi tll”? ( T C o Ch a vC e b 1 e e 0 n 7 o n6 e ) o . f J e s u s ‛ spoke in their own language and everyone listening heard them in his native tongue. 2. T he second meaning involves unintelligible ecstatic acclamations made under the infl uence of the followers from the time of Jesus‛ baptism until His Ascension; to have witnessed H o l y S p i r it . S o m e o f t h e p e o p l e i n C h a r i s m a t i c o r P e n t e c o s t a l g r o u p s t o d a y c l a i m t o h a v e t h i s the Resurrection. type of gift. Luke tells us that the new replacement for Judas was chosen after all the Apostles in the upper The Holy Spirit had given to those in the upper room the marv elous gift of tongues. This is just the Explanrooam thaido spennt time in prayer. Write a paragraph about a time when you prayed before making an fi rst sign we have of the change God had brought about in His followers to help them in their work of important decision. spreading the gospel. Biblical scholars think this gift probably worked in one of two ways: the Apostles (Accept any reasonable answers.) were able to speak in foreign lang uages whenever they needed to, or they spoke in their own language, and everyone listening heard them in his native tongue. Have the students read the background facts relating to Pentecost on How would this gift of tongues help the Apostles to spread the Word of God? textbook p. 4 and complete the exercise on pp. 4–5. The Apostles would be able to spread the message of Jesus in foreign lands  Learn more about the authority of the Church by reading CCC 553 and YOUCAT 13. without having to take the time to learn many different languages or to fi nd interpreters to speak for them. LESSON 3: PENTECOST—THE CHURCH IS BORN The birthday of the Church took place on a day that marked the great Jewish feast of Pentecost. On this day the people of Israel gave thanks to God for the wheat harvest and for the Law that was given to Peter, in his role as leader of the infant Church, now began to speak to the crowd that had gathered. Moses on Mount Sinai. Many people came from surrounding areas to He boldly told the people that Jesus was the Messiah for whom they had been waiting. With newfound celeb rate together in Jerusalem. The time was just right for an event cou rage, he claimed to be a witness, along with the other Apostles, to Jesus’ Resurrection from the of great importance. As the disciples gathered together, the Holy dead. When the crowd understood that they had cooperated in Jesus’ death, they asked Peter what they Spirit was sent to them. Jesus had kept His promise! Read Acts 2:1–4 should do. to fi nd out what took place. The Holy Spirit made himself known by two signs: a strong, 5 violent wind and tongues of fi re. Wind and fi re have been recognized as signs of God’s presence since ancient times. Read the following Scripture passages and summarize them in a sentence or phrase: Exodus 3:2–4 M o s e s m e e t s G o d , w h o i s i n t h e b u s h t h a t b u r n s b u t i s n o t c o n s u m e d . 4 7 UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH As a student reads the Scripture passage aloud, write the words “fire” and Have students read and discuss the top of textbook p. 6. Read and discuss “wind” on the board. Acts 2:14–47. Ask: What does fire do? For example, it cleanses and purifies. What ideas does wind conjure up? For example, strength and UNIT 1: THE BEGINNING OF THE CHURCH freedom. How can the words “fire” and “wind” and their meanings be Read Acts 2:14–47 to fi nd Peter’s answer to them. applied to God? About three thousand people were baptized that day. The Church was starting to grow by leaps and bounds. Jesus’ Church had been born on the feast of Pentecost. The Holy Spirit had come to the fi rst Christians in a very special way and would continue to be with them through good and bad times. Application Every day new people would come to join the Apostles in proclaiming their faith in the Messiah, the Savior, Jesus Christ. Write the word “leadership” on the board. Review Questions 1. What does the word Theophilus mean? Ask: What are the qualities of a good leader? (List answers on the Friend of God board—for example, courage, kindness, mercy, strength, wisdom, ability to guide, and willingness to serve. As the students read the 2. List the twelve Apostles. next section in their text, have them see if they can find some of Peter these leadership qualities in Peter.) John Matthew Thomas Andrew Philip James the Greater James the Lesser Simon Jude Bartholomew Judas Iscariot (replaced by Matthias) 3. How did the Holy Spirit affect and change the Apostles? (Accept any appropriate answer that includes courage and the gift of tongues.) 6 8