  Chinese Collaboration with Japan, – Chinese Collaboration   with Japan, –     Edited by David P. Barrett and Larry N. Shyu    ,   Stanford University Press Stanford, California © by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chinese collaboration with Japan, ‒: the limits of accommodation / edited by David P. Barrett and Larry N. Shyu. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ---(alk. paper) . China—History—‒. . Collaborationists—China. I. Barrett, David P. II. Shyu, Lawrence N. ..  .´—dc - ∞This book is printed on acid-free, archival-quality paper. Typeset by Robert C. Ehle in ⁄Adobe Garamond Original printing  Last figure below indicates year of this printing:           Contents Preface vii David P. Barrett and Larry N. Shyu Note on Romanization ix Maps x Contributors xiii Introduction: Occupied China and the Limits of Accommodation  David P. Barrett   |   : , ,   . Wang Jingwei and the Policy Origins of the “Peace Movement,” –  Wang Ke-wen . Regional Office and the National Interest: Song Zheyuan in North China, –  Marjorie Dryburgh . Nationalist China’s Negotiating Position During the Stalemate, –  Huang Meizhen and Yang Hanqing   |  : , ,   . The Creation of the Reformed Government in Central China,   Timothy Brook vi  . The Wang Jingwei Regime, –: Continuities and Disjunctures with Nationalist China  David P. Barrett . Survival as Justification for Collaboration, –  Lo Jiu-jung   |  : , ,   . Japan’s New Order and the Shanghai Capitalists: Conflict and Collaboration, –  Parks M. Coble . Patterns and Dynamics of Elite Collaboration in Occupied Shaoxing County  R. Keith Schoppa . Resistance in Collaboration: Chinese Cinema in Occupied Shanghai, –  Poshek Fu   |  : , ,   . The War Within a War: A Case Study of a County on the North China Plain  Peter J. Seybolt . Communist Sources for Localizing the Study of the Sino-Japanese War  Odoric Y. K. Wou Notes  Index  Preface This volume originated in a conference on the Sino-Japanese War of – held in Vancouver, Canada, in December . A number of presentations were concerned with an aspect of the war that has received little attention, Chinese collaboration with the Japanese occupiers. What emerged was a highly complex picture of collaboration. Common to all papers was the theme of necessary accommodation to a powerful enemy. But how far accommodation went toward collaboration, or willing, let alone enthusiastic, association with the enemy, which is what the word collaborationimplies in its more common pejorative sense, remained the challenging question. The essays in this collection suggest how far along the spectrum of collaboration various political actors and social groups in China went as they accommo- dated themselves to the realities they faced. The conference, in conception and organization, was the work of Larry N. Shyu of the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton. Generous sup- port was provided by the Joint Committee on Chinese Studies of the Amer- ican Council of Learned Societies, the Military and Strategic Studies Pro- gram of the University of New Brunswick, the Historical Society for Twen- tieth Century China (HSTCC), and the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation in Taipei, Taiwan. In the production of this volume, we wish to thank Dr. Zhao Jian of the Nagoya University of Commerce and Business Administration for his time and expertise. We thank Mrs. Wendy Benedetti of the Department of His- tory, McMaster University, for her assistance. We also want to acknowledge the many excellent suggestions offered by the outside readers of the manu- script of this volume. Finally, we extend our appreciation to Ms. Muriel Bell and her helpful staff at Stanford University Press. David P. Barrett and Larry N. Shyu vii Note on Romanization With only a few exceptions, the pinyin system is used to transliterate Chi- nese. Discretion has been left to individual authors as to whether to use pinyin or the older form of certain well-known names. These are as follows: (pinyin given first): Jiang Jieshi/Chiang Kai-shek; Hu Shi/Hu Shih; Beijing/ Peking; Beiping/Peiping; Rehe/Jehol; Chaha’er/Chahar; Xiamen/Amoy; Yangzi/Yangtze; Manzhouguo/Manchukuo. Sun Yat-sen is used rather than Sun Zhongshan. ix U S S R HEILONGJIANG MONGOLIA JILIN CHAHAR FENGTIAN GANSU (HYuealSnlUogwIYHURe.)ANDatongKalgan LuaPnRe.kiRn(eJgREhEHeHOEL) LiaoR. MukYAadlneudnR.o (nSghenyang) Wall (Beijing) Liaodong Great TaiyuaBnaodiHnEgBEI Tianjin ZDhaifiuren Yan’an KOREA SHANXI Jinan Qingdao Lanzhou SHAANXI Taishan WeiR. HuashanLuoyang SHANDONG Y(1e9l3lo8w–4 R6.) Kaifeng Xi’an Zhengzhou JIANGSU HXiaanngRy.ang HENNAANNKING (ANNAHNUJIING) YJainnjgiaznhgou JAPAN EmeishaSnICHUCAhNengdu Yangtze R.Y(YicahnagnzgijiangH)UBEI WuhaHnefWeiuHhaunAgnzjihnSoguuzhou ShLaankeg hTaaii Chongqing D o nLgatkieng Yuezhou Lushan Shaoxing Ningbo Nanching ZHEJIANG Lake Boyang Changsha JIANGXI Wenzhou Kunming GGuUiyIZaHngOU Guilin HUNAXiNangR. aGnR. MFiUnJRI.AN TFuazibheoiu YUNNAN West R. (Xi Jiang) Amoy (Xiamen) GUANGXI Wuzhou GUANGDONG TAIWAN Nanning Canton (Guangzhou) Tainan RedR. MacaHoong Kong(SShwaanttoowu) Hanoi FRENCH Provinces of China Under the Republic, 1930 INDO–CHINA Province boundaries Hainan I. Province capitals Other cities Famous mountains 0 500 miles SIAM 0 800 km Provinces of China Under the Republic, 