a Children’s b c Illustrated d e f Dictionar y g h i j robot robots noun k a machine that can imitate some human actions. Robots are often l used in factories, but can also be used in homes. m n o bulb bulbs noun p the rounded glass part of an q electric light. r s skull t skulls noun the bone frame of the head u that protects the brain and supports the face. v w sunfl ower x sunfl owers noun a tall plant with large, yellow fl owers. The y seeds can be eaten or used to make cooking oil. z Children’s Illustrated Dictionar y John McIlwain DORLING KINDERSLEY A B Contents C All about words 4 Musical instrument 133 D How to use this dictionary 6 Pet 148 E Dictionary games 8 Plant 151 The dictionary 12 Reptile 168 F Full-page entries: Sea life 178 Alphabet 16 Shape 182 G Bird 28 Skeleton 188 Boat 31 Sport 197 H Car 39 Time 216 Costume 51 Transportation 221 I Dinosaur 61 Tree 223 J Fish 79 Universe 229 Fruit 85 Vegetable 233 K Growth 94 Abbreviations 246 Horse 102 Spelling guide 248 L Insect 108 Word building 249 Jewelry 112 Facts and fi gures 250 M Mammal 124 Countries of the world 252 N O P LONDON, NEW YORK, MELBOURNE, MUNICH, AND DELHI Q Senior Editors Nicola Tuxworth, 2009 Edition: First published in the United States in 1994 Susan Peach Project Editor Niki Foreman This revised edition published in 2009 by R Senior Art Editor Rowena Alsey Senior Art Editor Sheila Collins DK Publishing Project Editor Lee Simmons Managing Editor Linda Esposito 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 S Art Editor Marcus James Managing Art Editor Diane Thistlethwaite Copyright © 1994, 2009 Editor Claire Watts Publishing Manager Andrew Macintyre Dorling Kindersley Limited Designers Cheryl Telfer, Diane Clouting Category Publisher Laura Buller 09 10 11 12 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 T Production Editors Maria Elia, CD207—05/09 Vivianne Ridgeway Managing Editor Jane Yorke Jacket Editor Mariza O’Keeffe All rights reserved under International and Pan- U Managing Art Editor Chris Scollen Jacket Designer Akiko Kato American Copyright Conventions. No part of this Production Jayne Wood Geography Consultant Simon Mumford publication may be reproduced, stored in a US Editor Margaret Parrish retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by V Photography by Andy Crawford, any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, Steve Gorton, Susanna Price, recording or otherwise, without the prior written DK India W and Tim Ridley Head of Publishing Aparna Sharma permission of the copyright owner. Published in Design Manager Arunesh Talapatra Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. Illustrated by Grahame Corbett, Editorial Manager Glenda Fernandes A catalog record for this book is available from X Peter Dennis, Bill Le Fever, Assistant Editor Samira Sood the Library of Congress. Nicholas Hewetson, Louis Mackay, Designers Malavika Talukder, ISBN 978-0-7566-5196-1 Roger Stewart, and Jolyon Webb Govind Mittal Y Language Consultants The Centre for Literacy DTP Coordinator Sunil Sharma Color reproduction by Colourscan, Singapore in Primary Education, London, England DTP Designers Dheeraj Arora, Printed and bound by Toppan Printing Co. Ltd., Z Pronunciation Consultant Sheila Dignen Preetam Singh China 2 a Introduction b c The Dorling Kindersley Children’s Illustrated In addition, this book will help children develop their d Dictionary is specifically aimed at children of awareness of words and the relationships between them. An introductory section explains the concept of parts of seven years and up, an age when children are e speech, such as nouns and verbs, that are also listed becoming increasingly independent readers under each entry in the dictionary. The final section looks and writers and when a dictionary can be at word beginnings and endings, spelling patterns, f and common abbreviations. a valuable companion. g Words and pictures A dictionary with a difference h Unlike many other dictionaries, The Children’s Illustrated A unique feature of this dictionary is the 26 full-page Dictionary is not just about words—it also contains pictures. entries, where words and pictures are grouped by theme. i Children today are used to information being presented in Browsing through these word a visual form through television, movies, and computers, and collections, on subjects as diverse as j are skilled readers of images. As a result, they require books costumes and time, children will enjoy to be increasingly visually sophisticated. recognizing known words and concepts and discovering new vocabulary and k The colorful photographs and illustrations in this information. These pages offer many dictionary are fresh, exciting, and highly relevant to opportunities for discussion and l children’s interests and concerns. These images will help provide the basis for further exploration to draw young readers into the book; they also work with of a wide range of topics and themes. m the text to give clear and concise definitions. n A lasting work of reference Vital skills for readers and writers The Children’s Illustrated Dictionary combines a core of o Using a dictionary can teach children many useful skills. common vocabulary with words that have a high interest One of the most important is the ability to locate information level for children of this age group. It provides them with that is organized in alphabetical order. Once acquired, this both a rich source of information about the world and p skill will enable them to use many other reference books, an important resource for developing their reading and from telephone directories to encyclopedias, that are writing skills. q organized along the same principle. The clear design and layout of this dictionary make it easy for children to learn how to look things up. r The Children’s Illustrated Dictionary can also help to widen s vocabulary and improve spelling. Young readers and writers can find out for themselves what an unfamiliar word means t or check any spellings about which they are unsure. u v w x y z 3 A All about words B In every sentence that we speak or write, entry has its part of speech printed below it C there are several types of word. They are in italic type. The parts of speech that are called “parts of speech.” Each of them has labeled in the dictionary (verbs, adverbs, D its own name and its own job to do in adjectives, interjections, prepositions, and the sentence. In this dictionary, each word nouns) are explained on these two pages. E F Verbs G Verbs are sometimes called “action words” because they are words that describe what a person or a thing is doing. Sit, H think,sleep,sing, and climb are all verbs. A sentence must contain a verb to make sense. There are a few special kinds of verb, such as “being” and “helping” verbs, that do I slightly different jobs in a sentence. J K They were both very angry. L Being verbs Being words, such as am, M is,are,was, and were, all come from the verb to be. They link someone or N She runs to school The dog often lies something with the words every morning. on the floor. that describe them. O Helping verbs Verb tenses P Verbs such as have, be, The form of a verb shows whether the action it describes will, must, may, and do, takes place in the present, the past, or the future. This is Q are sometimes used with called the verb’s tense. When a verb, such as hang, appears other verbs in a sentence. in this dictionary, the R They show how possible or entry looks like this: necessary it is that an action takes place. Helping S verbs can also be used to show a verb’s tense. T hang It may rain tomorrow. U hangs hanging hung verb V W The second line Present tense: of the entry shows how She hangs up her T-shirt. the verb is written in X three different tenses— Continuous present tense: the present, the She is hanging up her Y continuous present, T-shirt. and the past tense. I do like These tenses are Past tense: Z sandwiches! used like this: She hung up her T-shirt. 4 a Adverbs Nouns An adverb is a word that gives A noun is a word that names a thing, a person, or a place. b more information about a verb, Cat,teacher,spoon, and city are all nouns. Nouns do not an adjective, or another adverb. have to be things that you can see—words like truth and c Adverbs can tell us how, when, geography are also nouns. where, how often, or how much. Slowly,yesterday,upward, d andvery are all adverbs. Many adverbs end with e the letters “ly.” f g h i These newspapers are all They played happily They often went to The present came in a round j published daily. with the balloon. the café for a snack. box tied with ribbon. k Adjectives Interjections l An adjective is a word that is used to describe a noun. Interjections are words Fat,yellow,sticky,dark, and hairy are all adjectives. such as hello and good- m bye that can be used on their own, without being part of a full sentence. n Exclamations, such as Oh! and Ouch!, are o also interjections. p Conjunctions q A tall, green, Conjunctions are words The car was big, red, and shiny. prickly cactus. such as and,but, and of, that are used to join parts r of sentences together. Comparatives and superlatives s If you want to compare a person or thing with another, you often use an adjective in the comparative Prepositions t or superlative form. Taller,easier,better, and quicker are comparatives. Tallest,easiest,best, and Prepositions, such as in, quickest are superlatives. Comparatives with,behind, and on, u either end with the letters “-er,” or show how one person or include the word “more.” thing relates to another. v Superlatives either end with the letters “-est” or include She held the word “most.” the ball w above her head. x y Adjective: Comparative: Superlative: z This ball is big. This ball is bigger. This ball is the biggest. 5 A How to use this dictionary B Read the information on these two pages shown below. There are also 26 full-page C to find out how to get the most from your entries in the dictionary that provide a dictionary. Most pages in the book look like whole page of pictures and vocabulary on D the double page from the letter R section a theme. The page shown here is about cars. E What’s on a page F Guide word Headword Guide word Use the guide word at the top of This is the word you are looking up. The right-hand G the page to help you find the page The headword is printed in heavy, guide word, rate, a word is on. The left-hand guide black letters at the start of the entry. tells you that this H word,rabbi, tells you that this is The definition underneath explains is the last word on the first word on the page. what the headword means. this page. I rabbi rate J New letter A Rr radio rag railroad rake rascal a B rraae ddcieeoivsvi ecneso uethlneactt rsiecnadl ss iogrn als ara gsms naolul,n torn piece of cloth. 1rtar aialr inonaesdt rwsu onnrok uo nnof. tracks that artao kp geialse tr haoekrri nt oug psr amlkeoeaodvt evhse oribvnetro soil. raa smcaislsc hnioeuvnous person. b Pictures section C ianntdo cshouanngde.s them u2 sae st rraanils ptroarctkatsi,o tno gseytshteemr w thitaht rash c K D trains, stations, and land. rake oaran sp hyaeotscu hnr o osufk nrined., itchy spots d The photos and ML Esae abccitghio lnnee tswttea rlr,e tltsitk eweri tthhi s R. HGKLFEJI tRufrar(cid:78)rraraarhe aanasobbstleadeibnmbbbb gyeaebtii itsavrbb crios ttgehlan nesliinnrbeo e toomaria-utuneu rhnnoayegnn dfem t d no htl rmhoaia nrewatam tb.Jll i aunevwwlrielgirystiho s hawth .cl s otT.in vhgee yin 2sbbasrfr1soaptpa asaraacr odod ktic rprnlbmmeeotlktnagtsaui istnson ney d sn ntwiituu,otsono snpci ungtaeh anh rnd (ga sd eec ek1 e9t7). baucrntheoemapne u hdoi tneneuain rrnsoe mootrsamfgf uaocyeftl tr osrteimuaovlbd eslisaii ovbttsaayrienecndtgac ib kevtysihint. i tyHgnh cgeiags n.h hrTbrraIrrathaaany aanohiigse u ddgheue igad ss esdevd p ee ogrrnend,o or orroloearboiaurnu rcus ngren uhpse emnusu ,o tctrsaif.onhp dpngreeet i stsroawloepa rl olmalae ewt.midtdoa e tmcodeknem ntph.eer . sirrarritfwrrnnaaaaahhaanaiiiil einnnn tdltiina syh bsecnnrv e r orlenofaecos rbw podrth suobwhsujsk odme. oanhyncsfwt to i wiclvueohen lioetrn’ss trthaheian sti unangp .pears trir1tmaoo aal lppdli eleoilassyro rctnpguaoleesnu,s.t n p souorbm wliecot rhmriyneiegnt gitnh ga th iesl d orra2ar1frar aaoSL4nh om0nnchuath0segh cett -erehm swh ar efne ane atvoere nekuamrri,n bbmr haw oteacooh elkr se.ars rtauneorn rceea .rtetlaer ed. r(cid:78)orraan aassj uaptsaybi pc beryruab,r zsiree-hebs dra wni rrfoi-ryteuuheni tt htohrants g.rows hkgeljif isetalhhxnluiaodnswc gtht rlsyeya lol tpowuio ot hknoa slt i ke MN eat grass, roots, and leaves. aHha inersn a wdocraykusiemn tm gswa .niktohiin sge . Touhtesyid tee sttheed nfourc lreaadr ioactivity 1rroar aai lfsi ol lonrn ohgua nbnagrin fogr c hlootlhdeins go no.n to, 2Titnh ha ate htl poetn aeprgsat-tyrdsk ihd.setrlaidvn eacr eps ’oc salikrti icrlalaslc. era lly oklariat iktchnseoe d mnrasos mol ueafnoa rrntga esrt m omedaaoetlun lp stal eatn.h niSamtotsa m,l lowseo. hk isl e mn define the N Alphabet QORP race bstarnhhyo ade iudspe npevsano,i csdcreiait nitrohgsn, a o atau ntnted drl laassdip ryieocoer uwda faotv f es. ofrarrp(cid:78)aarf o asodd swaamtidioyi re c aao ririt curirahp gtcrylieshlava-e ddtecn e ietltaueoin.dsn- toejeeehs r c-dna triokva-uetwnivn-i -tee t2Uthh saeae ts lt othtanreiagr r silan.iinsl e rt uoo nfh mealpleo tynaoglu .t rcalicmkb rrara aaisniiidnnnrgofdlpear sdl onlroopupn of rain. rr1a aamm sm naolue nsheep. rrfHraaoe mnnra ggtnhege rtvheer bd otoor rbienllg. wsTthiotenhye t,c hwaenoir og dsnt, araownn dtgh efrvrooeunngt mh t eeettahl . qpor headwords. O Use the alphabet S 1ra ace cso nmopuentition of speed. eitdsg oeu.ter nthoeu namount of rain that falls ara npgeerrsso nno wuhno looks after a rate s P royinufo untthh nfieeinn pddgai cydgtoeoiou wtnron a p hrtleyha.lec pe s ide WUVYXT asr2Aah n casaedw rg vmierem ortabumhype is n oshgfaa mrpraeeeco sepao.lnmec wees htoo rs 2ar1rh(cid:78)wAa aiensaaadraa t di aytamttesohi trirro e iaaapcflrtnoy soator, or- lnowodmtl oto airtrameurnhantngeda.k alth htrtoha rtsoan cwutrk egaa ewhtlnel io.irttw h itn shh aott trhr1mraia aagafadtvhf dsifle ttuen lob syoaoe uftte ionlnnog gget stipeh tldeah rta.fto rm abao23War re iatber o ph u outthlearshnaoa etarsdl.vdlatt oei E iacclwleua srad rn omn oab dpadye t .fi.r mlaleialdd ew oitf hr ubber garrTroaav rahideoineinewr nnf cfoasahs r laeipefln,rso a itt hnrt srsor t nhSieotco,opo uswuwiucltntsaeah trtl h Ajaauemrr naeeegnaarlns.iec.u atah.la t ptatcachoal nava ra csecetra he nnir isogtrc ouiylmne n pp eowle vaaoiectnpdehdl. e b wu yfhsr eoedme ls mraAuqraf(cid:78)odd uaan srorjjaiueeerrpacypccssker tttiuhre ii dvvaoooa beeri rlbnl usoau-wjre tew trinefirotlfl.dt ylc.iofem pmNaorenkw.. York ChT2Oor1aif ihts aatg3eyte hr0sls iev t prcnmvaahaeoecxeietuallesid entcos s.ic fao fa (onp5bnr a0 r riy ektusmsmno aer )apt np tact eh.arrt a mrhraogetuenesrt .s. wuyxvt car dbca Q The highlighted letter Z p1rah6cyi2asli caadlj ecchtaivreacteristics. (cid:78)th sea ye nragyin-dee eo-fa ay- tvoerhicle. life raft tsipraere (cid:78)(cid:78) coopmpopsaitreis coonms rmaroenr rafureels tcan antenna163plilcaeztnese rooLf oranckdon taxitailgate ef tells you that you are mreairrrvoirew g h R in the R section. Word box tow hook jeep i muffler j Families of wheel hub twrhimeel minivan bumper k S linked words exhaust pipe tire spoke wwiipnedrshield ml are enclosed in mreairrrvoirew n T Alphabetical order a box. All the headlight ohronoadmentfendewrheel hatchback po piston q The headwords in this letters of the words are words in this r U dictionary are listed in used to decide which box start with fan s athlpeh saabmetei coarld oerrd aesr —the ccoommeess fibersfotr. eS oc octa,t twhoer dsa,mraei n. titrreu tnrekadvintage carhstaanrdtilnhegood windshieldradiator grill steering wheel engine hood uvt V letters of the alphabet. because A comes before w x Words that begin with O in the alphabet. y W A are grouped at the If words start with pexipheaust sports car lstiuiggrhnntal z 39 start of the dictionary, the same two letters, followed by B words, then the third letter X Full-page entries and so on up to Z. decides the order. So Where several words radius comes before All the pictures and labels on a full-page Y start with the same raft, because D comes entry are linked to the main headword. letter, the second beforeF. This page shows different car types, with their various parts labeled. Z 6 a How the entries work Headword ram Part of speech Tenses of verbs b The headword is printed rams noun This shows whether These three forms of c at the start of the entry. 1 a male sheep. the word is a noun, verb, the verb share show This shows you how to adjective, interjection, how it is written spell the word. adverb, or preposition. in the present, d Find out more about continuous present, parts of speech on and past tenses. Plural e pages 4–5. These tenses are This tells you how to explained on page 4. write a noun when there f is more than one of the thing it is referring to. g Here,rams is the plural 2 a device for pushing against of the headword ram. something with force. share shares sharing shared h verb Definition 1 to have or i This part of the use together. entry explains what 2 to divide j the headword means. something into If a word has more than parts to give one meaning, the first to others. k meaning given is They used the log as a ram normally the one that to break down the door. l is most common. ram verb They shared the melon. Other meanings are m listed below. Sample sentence n The sentence that follows the definition gives Comparisons you an example of how the headword is used. In o The two forms of an adjective that are the sample sentence the headword is always shown here are called the comparative and written in heavy, black type like this: shared. superlative. They are explained on page 5. p Rarer means “more rare” and rarest means “the most rare.” radioactivity q noun the energy released by the rare center of atoms breaking up r adjective in some substances. High unusual or not common. amounts of radioactivity can s be harmful to living things. A rare blue t morpho butterfly. (cid:78) comparisons rarer rarest (cid:78) opposite common u Related words Other words that are Opposite Pronunciation guide v related to the This tells you the word This guide helps you to pronounce headword are listed that is the opposite difficult words. It respells the here. This related w of the headword. For word so that you can sound out word,radioactive, example,common the letters. Part of the guide is in They tested for radioactivity is the adjective x is the opposite of heavy, black type. This shows you outside the nuclear that comes from the headword rare. which part of the word to stress, power plant. the headword y or say more loudly. (cid:78) say ray-dee-oh-ak-tiv-i-tee radioactivity. radioactive adjective z 7 A Dictionary games B See if you can solve these word puzzles, with a friend. Try giving a point for each C using your dictionary to help you. The games correct answer and then see which of you will help you learn how to use the dictionary gets the highest score. The answers to D quickly and easily. You can play all of the all the puzzles are somewhere in this games on your own, but you can also play dictionary. Have fun! E F Alphabetical birds How quickly can you arrange these G 12 bird names in alphabetical order? You could use the alphabet H at the side of the page to help you sort them out. For more help, turn to page 6, where alphabetical I order is explained in detail. flamingo J pelican K parrot L M N O P Q peacock R stork S T eagle U V owl W X Y ostrich Z duck budgerigar crane penguin 8