Progress in Inflammation Research Series Editor Prof. Michael J. Parnham PhD Senior Scientific Advisor PLIVA Research Institute Ltd. Prilaz baruna Filipovic´a 29 HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia Advisory Board G. Z. Feuerstein (Wyeth Research, Collegeville, PA, USA) M. Pairet (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG, Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany) W. van Eden (Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands) Forthcoming titles: Chemokine Biology – Basic Research and Clinical Application, Volume 2: Pathophysiology of Chemokines, K. Neote, G. L. Letts, B. Moser (Editors), 2006 Toll-like Receptors in Inflammation, L. A. J. O’Neill, E. Brint (Editors), 2006 The Hereditary Basis of Rheumatic Diseases, R. Holmdahl (Editor), 2006 Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammation, A. Graham (Editors), 2006 In vivo Models of Inflammation, 2nd edition, C. S. Stevenson, D. W. Morgan, L. A. Marshall (Editors), 2006 (Already published titles see last page.) Chemokine Biology – Basic Research and Clinical Application Volume I: Immunobiology of Chemokines Bernhard Moser Gordon L. Letts Kuldeep Neote Editors Birkhäuser Verlag Basel · Boston · Berlin Editors Bernhard Moser Gordon L. Letts Kuldeep Neote Institute of Cell Biology NitroMed, Inc. Bone and Inflammation University of Bern 12 Oak Park Drive Eli Lilly and Company Baltzerstrasse 4 Bedford, MA 01730 Lilly Corporate Center 3012 Bern USA Indianapolis, IN 46285 Switzerland USA A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.ddb.de ISBN-10: 3-7643-6825-X Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel – Boston – Berlin ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-6825-8 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel – Boston – Berlin The publisher and editor can give no guarantee for the information on drug dosage and administration contained in this publication. The respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other sources of reference in each individual case. The use of registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication, even if not identified as such, does not imply that they are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations or free for general use. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro- films or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. © 2006 Birkhäuser Verlag, P.O. Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland Part of Springer Science+Business Media Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF ∞ Cover design: Markus Etterich, Basel Cover illustration: see page 159. With friendly permission of Osamu Yoshie. Printed in Germany ISBN-10: 3-7643-6825-X e-ISBN: 3-7643-7423-3 ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-6825-8 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 www.birkhauser.ch Contents List of contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Introduction Marco Baggiolini Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Cellular targets in innate and adaptive immunity Charles Mackay and Bernhard Moser Traffic of T lymphocytes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 William W. Agace and Bernhard Homey Lymphocyte homing to peripheral epithelial tissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Chenggang Jin and Craig T. Morita Chemokine biology of NK cells and γδ T cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Federica Sallusto, Alfonso Martín-Fontecha and Antonio Lanzavecchia Dendritic cell traffic control by chemokines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Mario Mellado, Carlos Martínez-A., José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade Chemokine receptor-mediated signal transduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Lixin Liu and Paul Kubes Chemokines in leukocyte transendothelial migration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Mariagrazia Uguccioni and Basil O. Gerber Natural chemokine antagonism and synergism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Effector cell traffic-unrelated functions Ning Zhang and Joost J. Oppenheim Crosstalk between chemokine, opioid and vanilloid receptors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Osamu Yoshie Antimicrobial and related activities of chemokines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Alexandra Lucas, Dana McIvor and Grant MacFadden Virus-encoded chemokine modulators as novel anti-inflammatory reagents . . . . 165 Paola Romagnani, Laura Lasagni and Sergio Romagnani Chemokine receptors in tissue cells and angiogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 List of contributors William W. Agace, Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC I-13, 22184 Lund, Sweden; e-mail: [email protected] Marco Baggiolini, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via Lambertenghi 10A, 6904 Lugano, Switzerland; e-mail: [email protected] Basil O. Gerber, Division of Allergology, Dept. of Rheumatology & Clin. Immunol- ogy/Allergology, Sahlihaus 1, Inselspital, 3010 Berne, Switzerland Bernhard Homey, Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Chenggang Jin, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Group in Immunology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, EMRB 340F, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Paul Kubes, Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Bio- physics, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada; e-mail: [email protected] Antonio Lanzavecchia, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; e-mail: [email protected] Laura Lasagni, Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOthe of the University of Florence, 50134 Italy; e-mail: [email protected] Lixin Liu, Immunology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada vii List of contributors Alexandra Lucas, BioTherapeutics Research Group/Vascular Biology Reasearch Group, Robarts Research Institute, and Dept. Microbiology and Immunology, Uni- versity of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2K5; e-mail: [email protected] Charles R. Mackay, Garvan Institute of Medical Reasearch, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia Alfonso Martín-Fontecha, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; e-mail: [email protected] Carlos Martínez-A., Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin, 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Grant McFadden, BioTherapeutics Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, and Dept. Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2K5; e-mail: [email protected] Dana McIvor, BioTherapeutics Research Group/Vascular Biology Reasearch Group, Robarts Research Institute, and Dept. Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6G 2K5 Mario Mellado, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin, 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] Craig T. Morita, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and the Interdisciplinary Group in Immunology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, EMRB 340F, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Bernhard Moser, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; e-mail: [email protected] Joost J. Oppenheim, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Intramural Research Support Program, Building 560, Room 21-89A, Frederick, MD 21702- 1201, USA; e-mail: [email protected] José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Darwin, 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] viii List of contributors Paola Romagnani, Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOthe of the University of Florence, 50134 Italy; e-mail: [email protected] Serigio Romagnani, Center of Excellence for Research, Transfer and High Educa- tion DENOthe of the University of Florence, 50134 Italy; e-mail: [email protected] Federica Sallusto, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; e-mail: [email protected] Mariagrazia Uguccioni, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland Osamu Yoshie, Department of Microbiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; e-mail: [email protected]. Ning Zhang, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Intramural Research Support Program, Building 560, Room 21-89A, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA ix Preface The discovery of interleukin-8 close to 20 years ago initiated a new field of research touching on many aspects of immunology and inflammation. Interleukin-8 is just one member of a large class of structurally-related chemoattractant proteins, known as chemokines. Chemokines are involved in the traffic control of leukocytes, which bear the corresponding chemokine receptors on their surfaces. They are the largest family of cytokines in the human genome. The discovery of chemokines and chemokine receptors has been largely fueled by the human genome sequencing efforts. To date, there are more then 45 known chemokines and approximately 17 receptors. Chemokine research over the last two decades has focused on their role in leuko- cyte migration. It is now clear that chemokines affect all aspects of immunology and contribute to the pathology of a large number of inflammatory and immune-medi- ated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary inflammatory diseases and multiple sclerosis. Their fundamental contributions to chronic inflammatory dis- eases make them a principal target for the development of novel, anti-inflammato- ry therapeutics. More recently, it has become apparent that chemokines have an essential role in diverse processes distinct from their function in immunity, includ- ing tumor cell growth and metastasis, atherosclerosis and angiogenesis. This book gives a state-of-the-art account of recent developments in this field in the form of summaries written by highly regarded experts. Volume I is focused on basic principles and progress in chemokine biology. The emphasis is on the role of chemokines in leukocytes function and on their role in dendritic cell biology. In addition, chemokine receptor signaling and natural antag- onism of the receptors is covered. Finally aspects of chemokine biology, as pertains to endothelial cells and angiogenesis, are discussed. Volume II deals with issues related to the pathophysiology of chemokines, chemokine-related drug development and potential therapeutic applications. It is also published in the book series Progress in Inflammation Researchand is entitled Chemokine Biology – Basic Research and Clinical Application. Volume II: Patho- physiology of Chemokines (2006, Birkhäuser, ISBN 3-7643-7195-1). These books provide both introductory and novel information for a broad readership, including clinicians and biomedical scientists. September 2005 Bernhard Moser Gordon L. Letts Kuldeep Neote xi