CHEMISTRY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH Series Editor: Herbert S. Rosenkranz Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh 130 DeSoto Street Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Founding Editor: Alexander Hollaender Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 34-ARCTIC AND ALPINE MYCOLOGY II Edited by Gary A. Laursen, Joseph R. Ammirati, and Scott A. Redhead Volume 35-ENVIRONMENTAL RADON Edited by C. Richard Cothern and James E. Smith, Jr. Volume 36-SHORT-TERM BIOASSAYS IN THE ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL MIXTURES V Edited by Shahbeg S. Sandhu, David M. DeMarini, Marc J. Mass, Martha M. Moore, and Judy 1. Mumford Volume 37 - HAZARDS, DECONTAMINATION, AND REPLACEMENT OF PCB: A Comprehensive Guide Edited by Jean-Pierre Crine Volume 38 - IN SITU EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS Edited by Shahbeg S. Sandhu, William R. Lower, Frederick J. de Serres, William A. Suk, and Raymond R. Tice Volume 39-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY OF COMPLEX MIXTURES Edited by Michael D. Waters, F. Bernard Daniel, Joellen Lewtas, Martha M. Moore, and Stephen Nesnow Volume 40-NITROARENES: Occurrence, Metabolism, and Biological Impact Edited by Paul C. Howard, Stephen S. Hecht, and Frederick A. Beland Volume 41-ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR WASTE TREATMENT Edited by Gary S. Sayler, Robert Fox, and James W. Blackburn Volume 42-CHEMISTRY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Edited by 1. Pawlowski, W. J. Lacy, and J. J. Dlugosz A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. CHEMISTRY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Edited by L. Pawlowski Technical University of Lublin Lublin, Poland w. J. Lacy President, Lacy and Associates Alexandria, Virginia and J. J. Dlugosz u.s. Environmental Protection Agency Las Vegas, Nevada SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC Library of Congress Cataloglng-in-Publication Data International Conference an Chemlstry for the Protectian of the Environment (7th 1989 Lublin. Polandi Chemlstry for the protectlon of the environment / edlted by L. Pawlowskl. W.J. Lacy. and J.J. 0IUgOS2. p. cm. -- (Environmental sctence research ; v. 42) "Proceedlngs of the Seventh International Conference an Chemistry for the Protectlon of the Envlronment, held September 4-7. 1989. in Lublin, Poiand"--T.p. versa. Includes bibl iographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4613-6443-6 ISBN 978-1-4615-3282-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-3282-8 1. Environmental chemistry--Congresses. 2. Sewage--Purification- -Congresses. 3. Water--Pollutlon--Congresses. 1. Pawlowski. Lucjan. II. Lacy. W. J. (Wi Iilam J.) III. DlugOS2. J. J. IV. iitla. V. Series. TD193.I58 1989 628--dc20 91-20150 CIP Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment, held September 4-7, 1989, in Lublin, Poland ISBN 978-1-4613-6443-6 © 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1991 AlI rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, Of lransmilled in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher ANDRE VAN HAUTE (1930-1989) Andre Van Haute, a member ofinternational Committee on "Chemistry for Protection of the Environment," professor at the Faculty of Engineering of the Catholic University of Leuven (Belgium), died on October 22, 1989, after a hard and brave fight against a fatal disease. A. Van Haute was born in Hamme on April 28, 1930. He obtained a degree in chemical engineering from the University of Leuven in 1953 and a master's degree in chemical engineering from California Institute of Technology in Pasadena in 1954. Back in Leuven, he began teaching at the Institute ofIndustrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Soon he replaced Prof. Eugene Mertens de Wilmars in teaching industrial chemistry, both in Flemish and in French. He also taught industrial chemistry (inorganic chemical processes, polymers, materials, and glass), industrial electrochemistry, and corrosion. In the mid-sixties, he turned his attention to water treatment. The subject of his first research was water desalination by membranes and hydration processes. He started a new specialization in environmental management and was a leading figure in this field for about twenty years. Many government projects, the books Dr. Van Haute wrote about environmental problems, and many doctorates related to a wide range of aspects of wastewater purification resulted from this work. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Prof. Van Haute founded a program for Sanitary Engineering at the Institute of Technology in Surabaya. He was a member of the Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences, member of the Flemish Council for the Environment, administrator of the Environment Foundation, president of the Belgian National Committee ofthe International Association of Water Pollution Research and Control, and Belgian representative in the working party of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering. Prof P. Van Rompay v PREFACE Over the last decade and a half, an environmental conference series has emerged to become one of the major international forums on the chemical aspects of environmental protection. The forum is called Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment CCPE). The sponsors of this CPE series have included the Chemical Societies of Poland, France, Belgium, Italy, and the U.S.A., the European Federation of Chemical Societies, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the American Society of Testing and Materials, the International Ozone Association, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the Ministries of the Environment of Poland, France, Belgium, and Italy, US Environmental Protection Agency, more than twenty universities and institutes of higher learning, and five academies of sciences. The first meeting in this series was organized in 1976 at the Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Poland. The conference dealt with various physicochemical methodologies for water and wastewater treatment research projects that were jointly sponsored by US EPA and Poland. The great interest expressed by the participants led the organizers to expand the scope of the second conference, which was also held in Poland in 1979. The third and enlarged symposium was again successfully held in 1981 in Lublin, Poland. At that time the participating scientists and engineers expressed their desire to broaden the coverage as well as the title of the conference series. The International Committee, the governing body of the symposium, approved the title "Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment" and designated the date of the fourth conference, CPE IV, which was convened in September 1983 at the Paul Sabatier University in Toulouse, France, and was hosted and arranged by Prof. A. Verdier. The international scientific community expressed the need to have an independent, nonpolitical forum for chemists, chemical engineers, biologists, environmental scientists, and other professionals involved in environmental protection. Furthermore, this conference series includes participants from various government agencies, academia, and the private sector, representing industrialized countries as well as emerging nations, both East and West. The central goals of CPE are to improve technology transfer and scientific dialogue, thereby leading to a better comprehension of and solution to a broad spectrum of environmentally related problems. The fifth conference vii was held in September 1985 at the Catholic University in Leuven, Belgium. It was hosted by Profs. A. Van Haute and G. Alaerts. CPE V covered topics dealing with treatment technologies and phenomena related to hazardous waste and the utilization of fossil fuels. It provided an opportunity for interdisciplinary discussions and encouraged the exchange of ideas among international specialists from diverse fields and backgrounds. Under the leadership of Profs. E. Mentasti and C. Sarzanini and with the able assistance of Dr. M. Gennero, CPE VI, which was held in September 1987 at the University of Turin in Italy, was a success. Over 150 selected scientific papers and posters were presented to an audience of specialists from 32 nations. This assemblage comprised in equal measure scientists from Europe, the New World, and developing nations. CPE VII, of which these are the proceedings, was convened at the Catholic University in Lublin, Poland. The exchange of information by approximately 200 scientists and engineers made this a most memorable scientific occurrence. The scientific committee selected presentors of high intellectual and technical merit. The distinguished participants of CPE VII included Poland's Minister and Deputy Minister for Environmental Protection, U.S. Scientific Council, Israel's Deputy Minister of the Environment, presidents and vice presidents of five universities, representatives of the academies of sciences for Chechoslovakia, France, Italy, Poland, and the U.S.S.R., as well as many department heads and acclaimed scientists. 162 interesting, original, and informative papers and posters were presented on the following topics: adsorption, analytical methods, chemical/biological/physical/treatment, groundwater studies, ion exchange, modeling, ozonation, photodegradation, risk assessment, sludge treatment, waste minimization, and innovative technology. Some of the major benefits for the participants were technology transfer and exchange of innovative and alternative treatment methods and information about activities in other countries related to environmental problems. The proceedings of all these CPE conferences have been published in either hard-bound books or in selected peer review journals. The venue for the next conference, CPE VIII, will be selected during the spring 1990 meeting of the International Committee. In his closing remarks at CPE VII, Dr. W.J. Lacy stated that all scientists and engineers need to be aware of what is being done in other countries, since even scientists from the smallest developing nation could have the solution to the most vexing environmental problems. Prof. L. Pawlowski agreed that as long as scientists from around the globe wish to meet in this type of open, technical forum and exchange ideas and information on environmental protection, the Chemistry for Protection of the Environment series will continue. L. Pawlowski, W.J. Lacy, and J. Dlugosz CONTENTS GENERAL PROBLEMS GROUND WATER POLLUTION PLENARY LECTURE A.L. Kowal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 HYDROLOGIC AND GEOCHEMICAL IMPLICATIONS OF WASTE DISPOSAL SCENARIOS M.S. Bedinger ........................................ 7 CONSIDERATION OF HYDROGEOLOGIC FACTORS IN DESIGNING WELLHEAD PROTECTION AREAS M.S. Bedinger and S.P. Gardner .......................... 23 AN EXPERT SYSTEM APPROACH FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLING METHODS FOR GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION AT HAZARDOUS SITES RE. Cameron, RA Olivero, K.J. CabbIe, C. Carlsen, M.D. Teubner, D.W. Bottrell, and M.T. Homsher .............. 39 CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR POLLUTION MODELS K. Juda-Rezler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51 MONITORING METHODS FOR SURFACE AND GROUND WATER AND ANALYSIS OF POLLUTANTS REMOTE WATER QUALITY MONITORING WITH AN AIRBORNE LASER FLUOROSENSOR M. Bristow and R Zimmermann .......................... 75 IX AN OVERVIEW OF ADVANCED SPECTROSCOPIC FIELD SCREENING AND IN-SITU MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODS D. Eastwood, RL. Lidberg, S.J. Simon, and T. Vo-Dinh ........ , 97 STANDARDIZATION OF SAMPLE EXTRACT CLEANUP AND ANALYTICAL CONDITIONS FOR MORE EFFICIENT DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS W.F. Beckert and V. Lopez-Avila . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113 THE RATIONALE FOR GEOLOGIC DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE IN THE UNITED STATES J.J. Dlugosz and M.S. Bedinger ........................... 127 OPTICAL MONITORING OF NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER IN THE· AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT V. Pennanen ......................................... 141 MONITORED BIODEGRADATION OF CONCENTRATED WASTE WATERS BY MEANS OF TRADITIONAL AND MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHODS V. Balice, C. Carrieri, B. Rindone, and A Rozzi .............. 143 FAST ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN CONTAMINATED SOILS USING FIELD-PORTABLE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNOLOGY AND GEOSTATISTICS G.A Raab, RE. Enwall, W.H. Cole, C.A Kuharic, and J.S. Duggan 155 A NEW METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER J.D. Hanby .......................................... 175 THE ROLE OF LUMINESCENCE AND SPECTRAL PATTERN RECOGNITION IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS D. Eastwood, RL. Lidberg, and KJ. Siddiqui. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 187 HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN THE PLANT BIOMASS OF LAWNS IN CITY RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS H. Zimny, Cz. Wysocki, and E. Korzeniewska ................ 197 INCIDENCE AND LEVEL OF AFLATOXIN Ml IN LIQUID AND IMPORTED POWDERED MILK IN JORDAN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO AFLATOXIN Bl IN CORRESPONDING FEEDS R.M. Natour, J.A Rabba,·M.S.Nowar, A Salhab, and A Mahasneh 205 FLOW ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN ENVIRONMENTAL WATER BY THE USE OF BIOMIMETRIC FUNCTIONAL RESIN Y. Saito, J. Odo, M. Mifune, M. Chikuma, and H. Tanaka . . . . . .. 217 NONIONIC DETERGENTS AS TRACERS OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTION CAUSED BY MUNICIPAL SEWAGE U. Zoller, E. Ashash, G. Ayali, and S. Shafir ................. 225 CHANGES IN CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS AS A RESULT OF IRRIGATION WITH POTATO STARCH WASTE WATER H. Marzec ........................................... 235 WASTE CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING METHODOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES D. Friedman ......................................... 241 A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR REAL-TIME ASSESSMENT OF WASTEWATER TOXICITY M.1. Beach and F. Cadena .............................. 251 PATHWAYS OF CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PHOTOTRANSFORMATION OF THE HERBICIDE BROMOXYNIL (3,5-DIBROMO-4- HYDROXYBENZONITRILE) IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS CONTAINING SODIUM CHLORIDE J. Kochany, G.G. Choudhry, and G.R.B. Webster .............. 259 PESTICIDE LOSSES IN SURFACE RUNOFF FROM IRRIGATED FIELDS W.F. Spencer and M.M. Cliath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 277 STORMWATER CONTAMINATION IN AN URBANIZING WATERSHED C.G. Uchrin, T.Maldonato, Y.H. Pang, and R. Yu. ............. 291 AN ASSESSMENT OF HAZARD FROM SOLID INDUSTRIAL WASTES: A CASE STUDY I. Twardowska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 305 LEAD CONCENTRATIONS IN DRINKING WATER AT THE U.S. COAST GUARD ACADEMY: A CASE STUDY T.R. Reilly and G.B. Duerstock ........................... 323 xi