CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL BIOLOGY Methodologies and Applications © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. AAP Research Notes on Chemistry CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL BIOLOGY Methodologies and Applications Edited by Roman Joswik, PhD, and Andrei A. Dalinkevich, DSc Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc, and A. K. Haghi, PhD Reviewers and Advisory Board Members Apple Academic Press TORONTO NEW JERSEY © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. CRC Press Apple Academic Press, Inc Taylor & Francis Group 3333 Mistwell Crescent 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Canada © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20140826 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-4661-2 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reason- able efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www. copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organiza- tion that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com For information about Apple Academic Press product http://www.appleacademicpress.com © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. AAP RESEARCH NOTES ON CHEMISTRY This series reports on research developments and advances in the ever- changing and evolving field of chemistry for academic institutes and in- dustrial sectors interested in advanced research books. Editor-in-Chief: Andrew G. Mercader, PhD Research Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physical-Chemistry (INIFTA), Argentina email: [email protected] Editorial Board Slavcho Kirillov Rakovsky, DSc Director of Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria Ryszard Kozlowski, DSc Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, Branch House for Elastomers and Rubber Processing, Piastow, Poland Bob A. Howell, PhD Professor, Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA Mihai V. Putz, PhD Associate Professor of Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Head of Labora- tory of Structural and Computational Physical Chemistry; Biology-Chemistry Department, West University of Timisoara, Romania © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. vi AAP Research Notes on Chemistry Richard A. Pethrick, PhD, DSc Research Professor and Professor Emeritus, Department of Pure and Ap- plied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK Charles Wilkie, PhD Professor, Polymer and Organic Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA Georges Geuskens, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Chemistry and Polymers, Universite de Libre de Brussel, Belgium © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. BOOKS IN THE AAP RESEARCH NOTES ON CHEMISTRY Chemistry and Chemical Biology: Methodologies and Applications Editors: Roman Joswik, PhD, and Andrei A. Dalinkevich, DSc Reviewers and Advisory Board Members: Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc, and A. K. Haghi, PhD Functional Materials: Properties, Performance, and Evaluation Editor: Ewa Kłodzińska, PhD Reviewers and Advisory Board Members: A. K. Haghi, PhD, and Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc High Performance Elastomer Materials: An Engineering Approach Editors: Dariusz M. Bielinski, DSc, Ryszard Kozlowski, PhD, and Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. ABOUT THE EDITORS Roman Joswik, PhD Roman Joswik, PhD is Director of the Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry in Warsaw, Poland. He is a specialist in the field of physical chemistry, chemical physics, radiochemistry, organic chemis- try, and applied chemistry. He has published several hundred original scientific papers as well as reviews in the field of radiochemistry and applied chemistry. Andrei A. Dalinkevich, DSc Andrei A. Dalinkevich, DSc, is head of the group at the Institute of Physi- cal Chemistry at the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. He is a specialist in the field of chemical kinetics, chemical physics, polymer materials sciences, and organic and inorganic fibers. He has published sev- eral original scientific papers as well as reviews in the field of degradation and stabilization of polymers and polymer materials. © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. REVIEWERS AND ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc Gennady E. Zaikov, DSc, is Head of the Polymer Division at the N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, and Professor at Moscow State Academy of Fine Chemi- cal Technology, Russia, as well as Professor at Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan, Russia. He is also a prolific author, re- searcher, and lecturer. He has received several awards for his work, in- cluding the the Russian Federation Scholarship for Outstanding Scientists. He has been a member of many professional organizations and is on the editorial boards of many international science journals. A. K. Haghi, PhD A. K. Haghi, PhD, holds a BSc in urban and environmental engineering from University of North Carolina (USA); a MSc in mechanical engineer- ing from North Carolina A&T State University (USA); a DEA in applied mechanics, acoustics and materials from Université de Technologie de Compiègne (France); and a PhD in engineering sciences from Université de Franche-Comté (France). He is the author and editor of many books as well as 1000 published papers in various journals and conference proceed- ings. Dr. Haghi has received several grants, consulted for a number of major corporations, and is a frequent speaker to national and international audiences. Since 1983, he served as a professor at several universities. He is currently Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Chemoinfor- matics and Chemical Engineering and Polymers Research Journal and on the editorial boards of many international journals. He is a member of the Canadian Research and Development Center of Sciences and Cultures (CRDCSC), Montreal, Quebec, Canada. © 2015 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.