First published in Great Britain 2001 by A & C Black Publishers Ltd This second edition published 2012 by Bloomsbury Publishing Pic 50 Bedford Square London WC1B 3DP www.bloomsbury.com Copyright © Rawdon Wyatt, 2012 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-4081-5393-2 This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. Typeset by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Limited a About this workbook b o u t Introduction t h i s This workbook has been written for students who are planning to sit either the Academic or General Training modules of the IELTS examination. It covers some of the main vocabulary areas that you will w need for, or come across in, the Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking sections of the exam. o We hope that you find the exercises in this book useful, and that the vocabulary you acquire will r k help you to achieve the grade you want in the IELTS. b Good luck! o o k Structure of the hook Each vocabulary area is presented in the form of a self-contained module with task-based activities which present each vocabulary item in context. • Pages 1-57 focus on genera! vocabulary items. Some of these are relevant to specific tasks or questions in the IELTS examination (for example, describing how something works, talking about changes shown in a graph or table, saying where things are and following directions). • Pages 58-104 focus on topic-specific vocabulary areas which may be required in the examination (for example, education, architecture, family matters and science and technology). Each module consists of three tasks: the first two present vocabulary items in context, each with a practice or recognition exercise, and the third gives you the opportunity to review the vocabulary in a gap-fill exercise. • Pages 105-124 contain a comprehensive key so you can check your answers. The answer key also gives additional information about specific vocabulary items or general vocabulary areas, as well as other useful words or phrases. Using the workbook You should not work through the book mechanically from beginning to end. It is better to choose areas that you are unfamiliar with, or areas that you feel are of specific interest or importance to yourself. Recording, reviewing and extending your vocabulary Remember that you should keep a record of new words, phrases and expressions that you acquire, and review these on a regular basis so that they become part of your active vocabulary. Also remember that there are other ways of acquiring new vocabulary. For example, you should read as much as possible from a variety of authentic reading materials (books, newspapers, magazines, web-based articles, etc.). Using an English dictionary To help you develop your vocabulary more effectively, you should use a good monolingual English dictionary. This should clearly explain what the words mean, show you how they are pronounced, show you their various forms where relevant (e.g., what the noun form of an adjective is), tell you which words or phrases they collocate with, and give sample sentences to show you how the words are used. We particularly recommend the Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (ISBN 978-1405026284). A free on-line version of this can also be found at www.macmillandictionary.com. The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) The IELTS is administered by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), the British Council and IDP Education Australia. For further information, visit www.udes.org.uk. Note that this book is not endorsed by any of these organisations. s t Contents n e t n o c Page Title Page Title General vocabulary 47 Reason & result 1 Addition, equation and conclusion 48 Shape & features 2 Around the world 49 Size, quantity & dimension 3 Changes 1 51 Spelling 5 Changes 2 52 Stopping something 7 Condition 53 Success & failure 8 Confusing words & false friends 1 54 Task commands 10 Confusing words & false friends 2 55 Time 12 Context & meaning 1 56 Useful interview expressions Topic-specific vocabulary 14 Context & meaning 2 16 Context & meaning 3 58 Architecture 18 Contrast and comparison 61 The arts 19 Emphasis & misunderstanding 64 Business & industry 20 Focusing attention 67 Children & the family 21 Generalisations & specifics 69 Crime & the law 23 Groups 71 Education 24 How something works 73 The environment 25 Joining or becoming part of something bigger 75 Food & diet 26 Likes & dislikes 78 Geography 27 Location & direction 80 Global problems 30 Modified words 82 Healthcare 32 Objects & actions 84 The media 34 Obligation & option 86 Men & women 35 Opinion, attitude & belief 89 Money & finance 37 Opposites: adjectives 91 On the road 38 Opposites: verbs 93 Science & technology 39 Ownership, giving, lending & borrowing 96 Sport 40 Phrasal verbs 1 98 Town & country 41 Phrasal verbs 2 100 Travel 43 Phrasal verbs 3 102 Work 44 Phrasal verbs 4 46 Presenting an argument 105 Answers iv g Addition, equation & conclusion e n e r 1 Put the following words and phrases into their correct place in the table depending on their a l function. v o along with also and as well as besides correspondingly c a equaHy furthermore in addition in brief in conclusion b u in the same way likewise moreover similarly thus therefore l a to conclude to summarise to sum up briefly too r y we can conclude that what's more Addition Equation Conclusion and equally in conclusion 2 Complete these sentences with one of the words or phrases from above. In most cases, more than one answer is possible. 1. Tourism brings much-needed money to developing countries................................................................. it provides employment for the local population. 2..................................................................bringing much-needed money to developing countries, tourism provides employment for the local population. 3. Tourists should respect the local environment...............................................................they should respect the local customs. 4.................................................................. industrial waste, pollution from car fumes is poisoning the environment. 5. In order to travel, you need a passport................................................................, you might need a visa, immunisation jabs and written permission to visit certain areas. 6. Drugs are banned in Britain - .............................................................weapons such as guns and knives. 7. All power corrupts................................................................. absolute power corrupts absolutely. 8. You shouldn't smoke, drink, take drugs or eat unhealthy food.................................................................. you should live a more healthy lifestyle. 9. The ozone layer is becoming depleted, the air in the cities is becoming too dirty to breathe and our seas and rivers are no longer safe to swim in................................................................ pollution is slowly destroying the planet. 10. Your grades have been very poor for the past two years.................................................................you need to work really hard if you want to pass your exams next month. 1 y r Around the world a l u b 1 Choose the correct word or phrase in bold to complete these sentences. a c o 1. Japan, Korea and Taiwan are all in the Near East / the Middle East / the Far East. v 2. The South Pole is situated in the Arctic / Antarctic / Antarctica. l a r e 3. New Zealand is part of Austria / Australia / Australasia. n e 4. Bangladesh is part of the Indian subcontinent / India / Indiana. g 5. Guatemala is a country in North America / South America / Central America. 6. Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Panama and Honduras all form part of what is often referred to as Latin America / South America / Spanish America. 7. Botswana is in South Africa / southern Africa / Central Africa. 8. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are known collectively as Britain / Great Britain / the United Kingdom. 9. The United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland are part of Continental Europe / Mainland Europe / Europe. 10. Kuwait, Oman and the United Arab Emirates form part of what are known as the West Indies / the Gulf States / the European Union. 11. Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden are known collectively as the Baltic Republics / the Caribbean / Scandinavia. 12. Bangkok, Lima and Tunis are examples of capital / capitol / capitalism cities. 2 What are the nationalities of the people who come from these countries? 1. A f g h a n is ta n ................... 2. Argentina ........................... 3. Australia.......................................... 4. Bangladesh..................................... 5. Belgium................................. 6. Brazil................................................. 7. Canada........................................... 8. Denmark.............................. 9. Egypt.................................................. 10. England.......................................... 11. Finland................................ 12. Greece............................................. 13. India................................................ 14. Iran....................................... 15. Iraq................................................... 16. Ireland............................................ 17. Israel.................................... 18. Japan............................................... 19. Kuwait............................................ 20. Lebanon............................. 21. Malaysia......................................... 22. Mexico............................................. 23. Morocco............................. 24. the Netherlands......................... 25. Norway........................................... 26. Pakistan............................. 27. Peru................................................. 28. the Philippines............................. 29. Poland................................. 30. Portugal......................................... 31. Russia.............................................. 32. Saudi Arabia..................... 33. Scotland......................................... 34. Spain............................................... 35. Sweden.............................. 36. Switzerland................................... 37. Thailand......................................... 38. Turkey................................. 39. Wales ............................................. 40. Yemen............................................. Is your country on this list? If not, how do you say your nationality in English? 2 g Changes 1 e n e r 1 Look at the graph, and complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and phrases in a l the box. In most cases, more than one option is possible. v o decline decrease drop fall fluctuate go down c a go up increase peak at reach a peak of remain constant b u remain steady rise l a r y English school student numbers: May - August. □ Briarwood School of English Speakeasy School of Languages [= □ Windsor Language Centre Harefield College May June July August Between May and August... 1. ...student numbers at the Briarwood School of English increased/..................../....................... 2. ...student numbers at the Windsor Language Centre....................... /.................. /.................... / .................... / ...................... 3. ...student numbers at the Speakeasy School of Languages.................... /............................................... 4. ...student numbers at Harefield College..........................They.................. /.................... 120 in June. 2 Look at this table, and complete the sentences on the next page with words and phrases from the box. In some cases, more than one answer is possible. There is one word or phrase that you do not need. Petrol prices January £1.10/ litre June £1.55/litre February £1.12/litre July £1.52/litre March £1.15/litre August £1.53/litre April £1.18/litre September £1.58 /litre May £1.16/litre October £1.60 /litre downward trend dramatically gradually sharply slightly steadily upward trend 3 y r Changes 1 a l u b a 1. Between January and April, petrol prices increased............. ...... /...................... c o v 2. In May, petrol prices fell — l 3. In June, petrol prices rose .................../........................ a r e 4. Overall, there has been an .................... in petrol prices n e 3 Look at the task in the box, then complete the sample answer with words and phrases from g Exercises 1 and 2. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible. The graph below shows the number of visitors to three seaside towns over a five-month period. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. MB Seahaven Bridgeport Westhampton 16 15 14 13 o 12 o o 11 lX/l 10 <D 9 _Q E 8 dc L_ 7 o 'i/i 6 > 5 4 3 2 1 April May August Sample answer The graph shows how many people visited three seaside towns between April and August. The number of visitors to Seahaven (1) .increased (2).................... between April and June, then (3).................... (4).................... in July, and continued to (5).................... in August. For the first four months, visitor numbers to Bridgeport (6)...................... but then (7).................... (8).................... in the final month. Westhampton visitor numbers (9).................... from April to June, then (10).................... (11).................... in July and finally (12).................... 11,000 in August. Overall, there was an (13)....................in the number of visitors to Seahaven and Westhampton, but a (14)....................in the number of people visiting Bridgeport. 4 g Changes 2 e n e r 1 Complete these sentences with the correct form of one of the verbs in the box. Both sentences a l in each sentence pair should use the same verb. In some cases, the meaning of the verb may v change slightly. o c adjust aftef deteriorate exchange fade reduce renovate a b swell switch vary u l a r y 1. Moving to the countryside radically altered Some people choose to 3Iter their our lifestyle. appearance with surgery. 2. By....................to a different provider, it can I chose drama as an extra-curricular activity, be possible to pay much less for your mobile but....................to photography a few weeks phone bills. later. 3. It can take time to to living in a Prices seem low, but when you.................... different country. them to allow for tax, they are considerably higher. 4. The noise built up rapidly, and then just as As the applause ., the speaker quickly it....................into the distance. started talking. 5. The amount of tax you pay on a car People's reactions to the medicine ....................according to the amount of ....................a lot, with some people carbon dioxide it emits. complaining it has no effect at all. 6. Everyone should try to ....................the Many companies were forced to ....... amount of fat in their diet. their workforce during the recession. 7. Economic crises often into social Thew eather......................rapidly when it unrest. started raining and the winds picked up. 8. Ankles and other joints often The town is home to 3,000 people, but this when people travel by air. figure....................to 12,000 in the same summer. 9. The tokens can be for food in the Shops will normally....................damaged student canteen. goods if you have a receipt. 10. Businesses in the city centre were offered In some cases it can be more expensive to funding so they could....................their ....................an old building than knock it premises. down and build a new one. 5 y r Changes 2 a l u b 2 Now do the same with these. a c o adapt cut decline disappear expand improve promote v relax replace transform l a r e n e 1. Email has largely....................the traditional The plan is to ....................all the old desktop g letter as a means of written business computers in the library with netbooks. communication. 2. Some companies are slow to to a Courses can be..........................to suit the needs changing market. of individual students. 3. The symptoms of illnesses like measles aren't As the sun.......................behind the clouds, the usually serious, and....................within a few temperature quickly dropped. days. 4. A college course can help you to find a job The 'Peter Principle' is a theory which says or get....................at work. that in a big company, everyone eventually gets....................to a job that is beyond their ability. 5. Some people think that the government For the final part of the exercise, you need should...................the rules regarding to repeatedly tighten, then....................your building on protected land. stomach muscles. 6. The government's aim in the next five years The best way o f....................your English is to is to ....................educational standards. practise using it as much as possible. 7. Water freezes in the pipes, forcing them to Britain's universities....................at an ....................and burst. unprecedented rate at the end of the twentieth century. 8. Supermarkets....................prices on many I believe that governments should increase basic items to attract more customers. spending on the arts instead o f....................it. 9. Email and social networking websites have When it was closed down, the old fire ....................the way people communicate. station was....................into an art gallery. 10. House prices are so high that the number of Because so many people are out of work, people buying their own home has living standards are....................rapidly. ....................in the last five years. 6