CHARNEY & NESTLER’S NEUROBIOLO GY OF MENTAL ILLNESS Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, et al., Oxford University Press USA - OSO, 2018. 07:31:09. Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, et al., Oxford University Press USA - OSO, 2018. 07:31:09. CHARNEY & NESTLER’S NEUROBIOLOGY OF MENTAL ILLNESS FIFTH EDITION EDITED BY Dennis S. Charney, MD Pamela Sklar, MD, PhD ANNE AND JOEL EHRENKRANZ DEAN MOUNT SINAI PROFESSOR ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN PSYCHIATRIC GENOMICS AT MOUNT SINAI CHAIR, DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS PRESIDENT FOR ACADEMIC AFFAIRS AND GENOMIC SCIENCES MOUNT SINAI HEALTH SYSTEM PROFESSOR OF GENETIC AND GENOMIC PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENTS OF PSYCHIATRY, SCIENCES, PSYCHIATRY, AND NEUROSCIENCE NEUROSCIENCE, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI NEW YORK, NEW YORK NEW YORK, NEW YORK Joseph D. Buxbaum, PhD Eric J. Nestler, MD, PhD PROFESSOR OF PSYCHIATRY, NEUROSCIENCE, AND NASH FAMILY PROFESSOR OF NEUROSCIENCE GENETICS AND GENOMIC SCIENCES DIRECTOR OF THE FRIEDMAN DIRECTOR OF THE SEAVER AUTISM CENTER BRAIN INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND TREATMENT DEAN FOR ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AFFAIRS ICAHN SCHOOL OF AT MOUNT SINAI MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI NEW YORK, NEW YORK NEW YORK, NEW YORK 1 Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, et al., Oxford University Press USA - OSO, 2018. 07:32:22. 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. 4th edition: 2013 3rd edition: 2011 2nd edition: 2004 © Oxford University Press 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Charney, Dennis S., editor. | Sklar, Pamela B., editor. | Buxbaum, Joseph D., editor. | Nestler, Eric J. (Eric Jonathan), 1954– , editor. Title: Charney & Nestler’s neurobiology of mental illness / edited by Dennis S. Charney, Pamela Sklar, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Eric J. Nestler. Other titles: Neurobiology of mental illness. | Charney and Nestler’s neurobiology of mental illness Description: Fifth edition. | New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2018] | Preceded by Neurobiology of mental illness / edited by Dennis S. Charney ... [et al.]. 4th ed. 2013. | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2017046721 | ISBN 9780190681425 (hardcover) Subjects: | MESH: Mental Disorders—etiology | Mental Disorders—physiopathology | Mental Disorders—therapy | Neurobiology Classification: LCC RC341 | NLM WM 140 | DDC 616.8—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017046721 This material is not intended to be, and should not be considered, a substitute for medical or other professional advice. Treatment for the conditions described in this material is highly dependent on the individual circumstances. And, while this material is designed to offer accurate information with respect to the subject matter covered and to be current as of the time it was written, research and knowledge about medical and health issues is constantly evolving and dose schedules for medications are being revised continually, with new side effects recognized and accounted for regularly. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulation. The publisher and the authors make no representations or warranties to readers, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of this material. Without limiting the foregoing, the publisher and the authors make no representations or warranties as to the accuracy or efficacy of the drug dosages mentioned in the material. The authors and the publisher do not accept, and expressly disclaim, any responsibility for any liability, loss or risk that may be claimed or incurred as a consequence of the use and/ or application of any of the contents of this material. 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, et al., Oxford University Press USA - OSO, 2018. 07:32:56. CONTENTS Contributors ix 13. Genetics of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder  161 Alexander Charney and Pamela Sklar SECTION 1 14. Neuroimaging of Psychotic Disorders  177 Stephan Heckers, Neil Woodward, and Dost Öngür EMERGING AND ESTABLISHED TECHNOLOGIES 15. Animal and Cellular Models of Psychotic Disorders  193 Eric J. Nestler and Karl Deisseroth Mikhail V. Pletnikov, Guo- Li Ming, and Christopher A. Ross 1. Genetic Methodologies and Applications  3 16. Cognitive and Motivational Neuroscience Shaun M. Purcell of Psychotic Disorders: Animal and Human Studies  209 2. Network Methods for Elucidating the Complexity Jared W. Young, Alan Anticevic, of Common Human Diseases  17 and Deanna M. Barch Eric E. Schadt 17. Synaptic Mechanisms of Psychotic Disorders:  3. The Human Brain and Its Epigenomes  35 Animal and Human Studies  223 Andrew Chess and Schahram Akbarian Seth G. N. Grant 4. Methods for In Vivo Gene Manipulation  43 18. Cellular Mechanisms of Psychotic Disorders:  Lisa M. Monteggia and Wei Xu Human Studies  233 5. Application of Stem Cells to Understanding Samuel J. Dienel and David A. Lewis Psychiatric Disorders  55 19. Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms for Psychotic Kristen Brennand Disorders: Animal and Human Studies  245 6. Optogenetics and Related Technologies for Psychiatric Nao J. Gamo, Takeshi Sakurai, Hanna Jaaro- Peled, and Akira Sawa Disease Research: Current Status and Challenges  73 Lief E. Fenno and Karl Deisseroth 20. The Neurobiology and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder  255 7. In Vivo Circuit Analysis  87 Katherine E. Burdick, Luz H. Ospina, Ryan Bowman, Hannah Schwennesen, Kafui Dzirasa, Stephen J. Haggarty, and Roy H. Perlis and Rainbo Hultman 21. Novel Approaches for Treating 8. Magnetic Resonance Methodologies  95 Psychotic Disorders  267 Peter A. Bandettini and Hanzhang Lu Tiago Reis Marques and Shitij Kapur 9. PET Brain Imaging Methodologies  107 22. Current Treatments for Psychotic Disorders  277 Ansel T. Hillmer, Kelly P. Cosgrove, Deepak K. Sarpal and Anil K. Malhotra and Richard E. Carson 10. Neuromodulation and Psychiatric Disorders  121 Wayne K. Goodman and Mark S. George SECTION 3 11. The Neurobiology of Sleep  129 DEPRESSION Giulio Tononi and Chiara Cirelli Helen Mayberg 23. Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Depression  289 SECTION 2 Nicholas T. Van Dam, Brian M. Iacoviello, PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS and James W. Murrough Pamela Sklar 24. Genetics of Depression  301 12. Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Psychotic Disorders  149 Douglas F. Levinson and Walter E. Nichols Emma Meyer, Julie Walsh- Messinger, 25. Neuroimaging of Depression  315 and Dolores Malaspina Michele A. Bertocci and Mary L. Phillips Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, et al., Oxford University Prevss USA - OSO, 2018. 07:33:17. 26. Animal Models of Mood Disorders  329 SECTION 5 Lyonna F. Alcantara, Eric M. Parise, and Carlos A. SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS Bolaños- Guzmán Antonelli Bonci and Nora Volkow 27. Neurotrophic Mechanisms of Depression:  Animal and Human Studies  341 41. Epidemiology of Substance Use Disorders  547 Ronald S. Duman Denise B. Kandel, Mei- Chen Hu, Pamela C. Griesler, Bradley T. Kerridge, and Bridget F. Grant 28. Immune Mechanisms of Depression  355 42. The Genetic Basis of Addictive Disorders  565 Caroline Ménard, Madeline L. Pfau, Georgia E. Hodes, and Scott J. Russo David Goldman, Zhifeng Zhou, and Colin Hodgkinson 29. Neuroendocrine Mechanisms of Depression:  43. Animal Models of Addiction  577 Clinical and Preclinical Evidence  365 Christopher J. Evans, Brigitte L. Kieffer, David Jentsch, Jill M. Goldstein, L. Holsen, S. Cherkerzian, M. Misra, and Rafael J. Maldonado and R.J. Handra 44. Reward Circuitry and Drug Addiction  587 30. New Approaches for Treating Depression  377 Vaughn R. Steele, Vani Pariyadath, Rita Z. Goldstein, Eric J. Nestler and Elliot A. Stein 31. Current Treatments for Depression  387 45. Molecular Neuroimaging in Addictive Disorders  601 John H. Krystal and Dennis S. Charney Edythe D. London and Chelsea L. Robertson 46. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Addiction  617 Kathryn J. Reissner and Peter W. Kalivas SECTION 4 47. Brain Development and the Risk for Substance Abuse  631 ANXIETY DISORDERS Mary M. Heitzeg and B.J. Casey Kerry J. Ressler 48. Novel Approaches for Treating Addiction  643 32. Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Anxiety, Jane B. Acri and Phil Skolnick Obsessive- Compulsive, and Trauma 49. Current Approved Pharmacotherapies for Substance and Stressor- Related Disorders  409 Use Disorders  657 Murray B. Stein, Meghan E. Keough, Alexis S. Hammond and Eric C. Strain and Peter P. Roy- Byrne 33. Genetics of Anxiety Disorders  419 Takeshi Otowa, Roxann Roberson- Nay, SECTION 6 Mandakh Bekhbat, Gretchen N. Neigh, DEMENTIA and John M. Hettema Alison M. Goate 34. Functional Neurocircuitry and Neuroimaging Studies of Anxiety Disorders  435 50. Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Dementia  673 Madeleine S. Goodkind and Amit Etkin William C. Kreisl and Christiane Reitz 35. Animal Models and Assays Probing Anxiety Related 51. Genetics of Dementia  685 Behaviors and Neural Circuits  451 Alan E. Renton and Alison M. Goate Ramon Tasan and Nicolas Singewald 52. Neuroimaging and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers 36. What Are Fear and Anxiety? Listening to the Brain  471 of Alzheimer’s Disease  703 Joseph LeDoux Brian A. Gordon, Stephanie J.B. Vos, and Anne M. Fagan 37. Synaptic and Circuit Mechanisms of Anxiety 53. Animal Models of Alzheimer’s Disease  715 Disorders: Animal and Human Studies 477 David Morgan Anfei Li and Francis S. Lee 54. Cellular Mechanisms of Dementia:  38. The Neurobiology of Resilience  487 Animal and Human Studies  727 Adriana Feder, Sarah R. Horn, Margaret Haglund, Li Gan Steven M. Southwick, and Dennis S. Charney 55. Neurobiology of Lewy Body Dementias:  39. Novel Approaches for Treating Anxiety Disorders  513 Animal and Human Studies  737 David A. Sturman, Milissa L. Kaufman, James E. Galvin and Jose Tomas Bras Cara E. Bigony, and Kerry J. Ressler 56. Neurobiology of FTD: Animal and Human Studies  751 40. Current and Experimental Treatments for Dah- eun Chloe Chung, Jeannette N. Stankowski, Anxiety Disorders  531 and Leonard Petrucelli Adam J. Guastella, Alice Norton, Gail A. Alvares, 57. Current Treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease  769 and Christine Yun Ju Song  Mary Sano and Judith Neugroschil Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, et al., Oxford vUin iv•e rsCityo Prnests UeSnA t- OsSO, 2018. 07:33:17. SECTION 7 65. The Neurobiology of Tic Disorders and Obsessive- PEDIATRIC PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Compulsive Disorder: Animal and Human Studies 879 Joseph D. Buxbaum Christopher Pittenger 66. Neurobiology of Eating Disorders:  58. Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Pediatric Animal and Human Studies  891 Psychiatric Disorders  783 Thomas Hildebrandt and Ashley Heywood Elise B. Robinson, Benjamin M. Neale, 67. Novel Approaches for Treating Pediatric and Mark J. Daly Psychiatric Disorders  905 59. Genetics of Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders  797 Supritha Prasad and Edwin H. Cook, Jr. Silvia De Rubeis, M. Pilar Trelles, and Joseph D. Buxbaum 68. Current Treatments for Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders  915 60. Neuroimaging in Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders  807 M. Pilar Trelles, Paige M. Siper, and Dorothy E. Grice Timothy P.L. Roberts and Luke Bloy 61. Animal and Cellular Models of Pediatric SECTION 8 Psychiatric Disorders  823 FUTURE OF PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS: Elodie Drapeau, Hala Harony- Nicolas, TOWARD PRECISION PSYCHIATRY and Jacqueline N. Crawley Dennis S. Charney 62. Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms of Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders: Animal and Human Studies  841 69. DSM- 5 Overview and Goals  935 Silvia De Rubeis, Kathryn Roeder, and Bernie Devlin Darrel A. Regier, Sarah E. Morris, 63. Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Susan K. Schultz and Intellectual Disability: Animal 70. The Present and Future of Psychiatric Diagnosis  941 and Human Studies  855 Steven E. Hyman Jesse Costales, Silvia De Rubeis, Jennifer Foss- Feig, 71. The NIMH Research Domain Criteria Project:  Patrick R. Hof, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Toward Precision Medicine in Psychiatry  947 and Alexander Kolezvon Bruce N. Cuthbert 64. Neurobiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity 72. Computational Psychiatry and the Bayesian Brain  963 Disorder: Animal and Human Studies  865 Karl J. Friston and Raymond J. Dolan Stephen V. Faraone, Pradeep G. Bhide, and Joseph Biederman Index  975 Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, et al., Oxford U Cnivoernsityt Perensst UsSA •- OvSiOi, 2018. 07:33:17. CONTRIBUTORS Jane B. Acri, PhD Michele A. Bertocci, PhD Chief, Medication Discovery & Toxicology Branch Department of Psychiatry Division of Therapeutics & Medical Consequences University of Pittsburgh National Institute on Drug Abuse Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic National Institutes of Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Bethesda, Maryland Pradeep G. Bhide, PhD Schahram Akbarian, MD, PhD Florida State University College of Medicine Friedman Brain Institute Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit of the Child Psychiatry Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Service Icahn School of Medicine Tallahassee, Florida Mount Sinai Joseph Biederman, MD New York, New York Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit Lyonna F. Alcantara, MS Child Psychiatry Service Department of Psychology Massachusetts General Hospital Texas A&M University Harvard Medical School College Station, Texas Boston, Massachusetts Gail A. Alvares, PhD Cara E. Bigony, BA Brain and Mind Centre Department of Psychiatry Sydney Medical School McLean Hospital University of Sydney Harvard Medical School Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Belmont, Massachusetts Alan Anticevic, PhD Luke Bloy, PhD Department of Psychiatry Lurie Family Foundations MEG Imaging Center Yale University School of Medicine Department of Radiology NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Alcoholism Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities Carlos A. Bolaños- Guzmán, PhD Connecticut Mental Health Center Department of Psychology New Haven, Connecticut Texas A&M University Peter A. Bandettini, PhD College Station, Texas Principal Investigator Antonelli Bonci, MD National Institutes of Mental Health Scientific Director Bethesda, Maryland National Institute on Drug Abuse Deanna M. Barch, PhD Baltimore, Maryland Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences Ryan Bowman Department of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry Department of Radiology Duke University School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis Durham, North Carolina St. Louis, Missouri Jose Tomas Bras, PhD Mandakh Bekhbat, BA Department of Molecular Neuroscience Department of Physiology UCL, Institute of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, et al., Oxford University Preixss USA - OSO, 2018. 07:33:17. Kristen Brennand, PhD Kelly P. Cosgrove, PhD Associate Professor Department of Radiology and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, Biomedical Imaging Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Yale University New York, New York New Haven, Connecticut Katherine E. Burdick, PhD Jesse Costales, MD Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Seaver Autism Center for Research Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Treatment New York, New York Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Richard E. Carson, PhD New York, New York Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Jacqueline N. Crawley, PhD Department of Biomedical Engineering Robert E. Chason Endowed Chair in Translational Research Yale University MIND Institute New Haven, Connecticut Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience B.J. Casey, PhD University of California Davis School of Medicine Professor of Psychology Sacramento, California Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Bruce N. Cuthbert, PhD Department of Psychiatry Alexander Charney, MD University of Pittsburgh Instructor, Neuroscience Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York Mark J. Daly, PhD Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit S. Cherkerzian, SCD Massachusetts General Hospital Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine Program in Medical and Population Genetics Harvard Medical School Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Connors Center for Women’s Health & Gender Biology Silvia de Rubeis, PhD Boston, Massachusetts Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment Department of Psychiatry Andrew Chess, MD Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Developmental New York, New York and Regenerative Biology Icahn School of Medicine Karl Deisseroth, MD, PhD Mount Sinai Howard Hughes Medical Institute New York, New York Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry Stanford University Dah- eun Chloe Chung, BA Stanford, California Department of Neuroscience Mayo Clinic Bernie Devlin, PhD Neurobiology of Disease Department of Statistics Mayo Clinic Graduate School Carnegie Mellon University of Biomedical Sciences Department of Psychiatry Rochester, Maine University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Chiara Cirelli, PhD Professor, Department of Psychiatry Samuel J. Dienel, MD Neuroscience Training Program Department of Psychiatry University of Wisconsin- Madison University of Pittsburgh Madison, Wisconsin Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Edwin H. Cook, Jr, MD, IJR Raymond J. Dolan, FRS Department of Psychiatry Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging University of Illinois at Chicago Institute of Neurology Chicago, Illinois University College London London, England, UK Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Dennis S. Charney, et al., Oxfxo rd• U nCiveorsnity tPrresisb UuSAt - oOSrOs, 2018. 07:33:17.