The Project Gutenberg EBook of Charles Sumner; his complete works, volume 6 (of 20), by Charles Sumner This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. Title: Charles Sumner; his complete works, volume 6 (of 20) Author: Charles Sumner Editor: George Frisbie Hoar Release Date: January 22, 2015 [EBook #48045] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHARLES SUMNER: COMPLETE WORKS, VOL 6 *** Produced by Mark C. Orton and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) James Buchanan A. W. Elson & Co. Boston JAMES BUCHANAN Cover page COPYRIGHT, 1872, BY CHARLES SUMNER. COPYRIGHT, 1900, BY LEE AND SHEPARD. Statesman Edition. LIMITED TO ONE THOUSAND COPIES. OF WHICH THIS IS No. 565 Norwood Press: NORWOOD, MASS., U.S.A. [Pg i] [Pg ii] [Pg iii] CONTENTS OF VOLUME VI. PAGE Appeal for the Republican Candidates. Letter to the Republican Committee at Boston, June 21, 1856 1 Longing for Restoration to Active Duties, with Appeal to the Young Men of Massachusetts. Letter to the Committee of a Young Men’s Convention at Fitchburg, August 5, 1856 6 Appeal to the Republicans of Rhode Island. Letter to a Committee, September 4, 1856 9 Contribution for Kansas. Letter to Messrs. Greeley and McElrath, of the New York Tribune, September 23, 1856 10 Regret for Continued Disability. Letter to Hon. Lewis D. Campbell, of Ohio, September 24, 1856 11 Effect of a Vote for Buchanan: Appeal to the Republicans of Illinois. Letter to a Committee of Republicans at Joliet, October 2, 1856 13 Appeal for the Republican Cause. Letter to a Committee of Hudson River Counties, Poughkeepsie, New York, October 3, 1856 15 Relief for Kansas. Letter to a Committee of the Kansas Aid Society at Boston, October 3, 1856 18 Duty to vote for Kansas and for Burlingame. Letter to a Meeting at Faneuil Hall, October 29, 1856 20 Public Reception of Mr. Sumner, on his Return to Boston: with the Speeches: November 3, 1856 22 Aid for Kansas. Letter to Hon. M. F. Conway, November 17, 1856 40 Congratulation on Reëlection of Anson Burlingame as Representative in Congress. Letter to a Banquet at Faneuil Hall, November 24, 1856 41 The Late Presidential Election our Bunker Hill. Letter to a Committee at Worcester, November 24, 1856 43 Let Massachusetts help Kansas. Letter to James Redpath, Esq., January 10, 1857 44 Acceptance of Senatorship, on Reëlection. Letter to the Legislature of Massachusetts, January 22, 1857 46 Gratitude for Sympathy of the People of Vermont. Letter to Hon. Ryland Fletcher, Governor of Vermont, March 7, 1857 52 A Last Word for Kansas, on sailing for Europe. Letter to James Redpath, Esq., March 7, 1857 54 Invitation to Dinner by American Merchants in Paris. Letter to the American Merchants at Paris, April 20, 1857 56 Our Politics seen from a Distance. Letter to a Friend, dated Heidelberg, September 11, 1857 60 Farewell on sailing for Europe a Second Time in Quest of Health. Letter to the People of Massachusetts, on Board Steamer Vanderbilt, New York Harbor, May 22, 1858 62 Honor to the Inventor of the Electric Telegraph. Letter to Professor Morse, in excusing himself from a Dinner at Paris, August 17, 1858 64 Longing for Duties of Position. From a Letter to a Friend, dated at Aix, Savoy, September 11, 1858 65 Independence and Unity of Italy. Letter to a Public Meeting at New York, February 17, 1860 67 Two Lessons from the Life of Washington. Letter to the Washington Monument Association of the First School District of Philadelphia, February 21, 1860 70 Macaulay on Slavery. Communication to the New York Tribune, March 3, 1860 71 Statue of Horace Mann. Letter to Dr. Samuel G. Howe, March 5, 1860 78 Usurpation of the Senate in imprisoning a Citizen. Two Speeches, on the Imprisonment of Thaddeus Hyatt for refusing to testify in the Harper’s Ferry Investigation, in the Senate, March 12, and June 15, 1860 80 Abolition of Custom-House Oaths. Resolution in the Senate, March 15, 1860 95 Boston Common, and its Extension. Letter to George H. Snelling, Esq., of Boston, March 26, 1860 96 Attempt to kidnap a Citizen under Order of the Senate. The Case of Frank B. Sanborn, of Concord, Massachusetts, with Speeches in the Senate, April 10, 13, and 16, 1860 99 Petitions against Slavery. Speech in the Senate, April 18, 1860 106 Safety of Passengers in Steamships for California. Resolution and Remarks in the Senate, May 21, 1860 109 Candidates who are a Platform. Letter to a Ratification Meeting at Buffalo, New York, May 30, 1860 111 The Barbarism of Slavery. Speech in the Senate, on Bill for Admission of Kansas as a Free State, June 4, 1860 113 A Victory of Principle in the Presidential Election. Letter to a Public Meeting at Middleborough, Massachusetts, June 11, 1860 287 Refusal to Colored Persons of Right of Petition. Notes of Undelivered Speech in the Senate, on Resolution refusing to receive Petition from Citizens of Massachusetts of African Descent, June 15, 1860 288 The Late Honorable John Schwartz, of Pennsylvania. Speech in the Senate, on Resolutions in Tribute to him, June 21, 1860 300 Unhesitating Assertion of our Principles. Letter to the Republicans of New York City, June 27, 1860 302 The Republican Party: its Origin, Necessity, and Permanence. Speech before the Young Men’s Republican Union of New York, at Cooper Institute, July 11, 1860 303 Our Candidates will be elected. Letter to the Lincoln and Hamlin Club of Owego, New York, July 30, 1860 342 Emancipation in the British West Indies a Blessing, and not a Failure. Letter to a Public Meeting at Framingham, Massachusetts, July 30, 1860 343 Slavery a Barbarous Disease to be stayed. Letter to a Republican Meeting at the Dedication of the Republican Wigwam in New York, August 6, 1860 346 Tribute to a College Classmate. Remarks on the Late John W. Browne, August 20, 1860 348 Presidential Candidates and the Issues. Speech at the State Convention of the Republican Party at Worcester, August 29, 1860 352 [Pg 1] M APPEAL FOR THE REPUBLICAN CANDIDATES. LETTER TO THE REPUBLICAN COMMITTEE AT BOSTON, JUNE 21, 1856. The selection of a Republican candidate for the Presidency gave rise to the customary discussion in the newspapers, in the course of which the New York Tribune, under date of June 6, 1856, expressed itself as follows. “The People’s Convention, which assembles at Philadelphia on the 17th instant, will be called first to decide this question: Can the opponents of Slavery Extension elect whomsoever they may choose to nominate? If, on a careful comparison of views, this question can be confidently answered in the affirmative, we have next to consider who, by early, earnest, faithful, protracted, unswerving service to the cause, has done most for the triumph of Humanity and Impartial Freedom; and in that view but three names can be seriously considered, namely, those of William H. Seward, of New York, Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, and Charles Sumner, of Massachusetts. They are all capable, reliable, and deserving, and either of them would worthily fill the highest office in the Republic. We will not weigh their respective claims, but we shall support to the utmost of our ability whichever (if either) of them shall be nominated.” The Republican National Convention assembled at Philadelphia, June 17, 1856, and chose Henry S. Lane, of Indiana, as presiding officer. At an informal ballot for President there were 359 votes for John C. Fremont and 196 for John McLean; New York also gave two votes for Mr. Sumner and one for Mr. Seward. Mr. Fremont was thereupon nominated unanimously. At an informal ballot for Vice-President there were 259 votes for William L. Dayton, 110 for Abraham Lincoln, 46 for N. P. Banks, 43 for David Wilmot, 35 for Charles Sumner, 15 for Jacob Collamer, 9 for John A. King, 8 for S. C. Pomeroy, 7 for Thomas Ford, 5 for Henry Wilson, 4 for Cassius M. Clay, 3 for Henry C. Carey, 2 for J. R. Giddings, 2 for W. F. Johnston, and 1 for A. C. M. Pennington. On a formal ballot, Mr. Dayton was nominated unanimously. Mr. Sumner, who was at the time a guest of Francis P. Blair, at his place near Washington, addressed the following letter to a meeting at Faneuil Hall, in Boston, for the ratification of the nominations. Silver Spring (near Washington), June 21, 1856. Y DEAR SIR,—I am not strong enough for public speaking, even if I were strong enough for a journey to Boston. Besides, my duties in the Senate have the first claim upon me, and to them I must give my first returning strength. Therefore am I constrained to decline the invitation with which you have honored me. But I am strong enough to send from my present retreat a brief expression of cordial concurrence in the nominations made by the People’s Convention at Philadelphia, and also of the gladness with which I shall support them, by voice and vote, with mind and heart. I have long honored Colonel Fremont for his genius in geographical enterprise, his eminent intelligence, his manly fortitude, his perfect integrity, and his easy command of men,—swaying to his own beneficent purpose even the savages of the forest, while Nature herself, in her winter fastnesses, bowed before his march. It is well, at this moment, when a Great Crime is instigated and sustained by the National Government, that such a man, with courage which will not be questioned, and with sensitiveness to right which will not rest, should be summoned to grapple with the wrong-doers. And permit me to say that I find no force in the objection that he has never been a politician. Your candidate for Vice-President is worthy to enjoy the same enthusiastic support. As lawyer, as judge, and as Senator, Mr. Dayton has been conspicuous for character and ability; and I rejoice to believe that he will soon have a larger field of activity, where these can be employed for the good of our common country, while the Senate, which is the stronghold of Human Slavery, will be compelled to receive as its presiding officer a representative of Human Freedom. But better even than the candidates is the Declaration of Principles, under which we now go forth to conquer. Such a Declaration, promulgated by such a Convention, is in itself the beginning of victory. Strong in simplicity and truthfulness, it must prevail just so soon as it is comprehended. It expresses objects which should enlist the Conservative, while they enlist the Reformer,—which should rally all who turn with respect to the example of the Fathers, while they rally all who are filled with aspirations for a brighter future on earth. It proposes to save Kansas from the revolting usurpation established in that fair Territory, and in this good work it joins issue with the Slave Oligarchy, now swaying our whole country; so that, in saving Kansas, we shall necessarily overthrow this Despotism, and save ourselves. For support, it appeals to all, without distinction of party, who love their country. It appeals to the true Democrat, whose democracy is founded on the recognition of Human Rights; it appeals to the true Whig, who is animated by that hatred of despotic power which inspired those who earliest wore the name; it appeals to the true American, who is ready to forget all other questions for the sake of union to save Liberty endangered; and it appeals to the foreign-born, who, rejoicing in the privileges of American citizens, will not hesitate to join in this holy endeavor to vindicate them against the [Pg 2] [Pg 3] [Pg 4] [Pg 5] aggressions of an Oligarchy worse than any tyranny from which they have fled. In this appeal all former differences are forgotten, while men, “Erewhile that stood aloof, as shy to meet, Familiar mingle here, like sister streams That some rude interposing rock has split.” In this contest there is every motive to union, and also every motive to exertion. Now or never! now and forever!—such was the ancient war-cry, which, embroidered on the Irish flag, streamed from the Castle of Dublin, and resounded through the whole island, arousing a generous people to new struggle for ancient rights; and this war-cry may be fitly inscribed on our standard now. Arise now, or an inexorable slave-driving Tyranny will be fastened upon you. Arise now, and Liberty will be secured forever. Present my regards to your associates in the good cause, and believe me, my dear Sir, Always faithfully yours, Charles Sumner. Seth Webb, Jr., Esq. [Pg 5] [Pg 6] D LONGING FOR RESTORATION TO ACTIVE DUTIES, WITH APPEAL TO THE YOUNG MEN OF MASSACHUSETTS. LETTER TO THE COMMITTEE OF A YOUNG MEN’S CONVENTION AT FITCHBURG, AUGUST 5, 1856. Cresson, Alleghany Mountains, Pa., August 5, 1856. EAR SIR,—I wish that I could be with the young men of Massachusetts at their proposed Convention, but I am so feeble still that I am constrained to turn away from all temptations and opportunities of labor. In writing this letter I infringe a rule prescribed by my physician. We have been told that “the duties of life are more than life”; and I assure you that the hardest part of my present lot is the enforced absence from public duties, and especially from that seat where, as a Senator from Massachusetts, it is my right, and also my strong desire at this moment, to be heard. But in the coolness of the mountain retreat where I now am, I begin to gather hope of returning strength,—if too tardily for the performance of any public duties during the session of Congress now about to close, yet in season to take part in the rally of the people for the protection of Liberty in Kansas, and for the overthrow of the oligarchical Tyranny which now degrades our Republic. Meanwhile I commit the cause which we have at heart to the generous sympathies of the people, who will surely rise to smite the oppressor. Especially do I invoke the young. They are the natural guardians of Liberty. Thus has it been throughout all history; and never before in history did Liberty stand in greater need of their irresistible aid. It is the young who give spontaneous welcome to Truth, when she first appears an unattended stranger. It is the young who open the soul with instinctive hospitality to the noble cause. The young men of Massachusetts act under natural impulses, when they step forward as body-guard of the Republican party. The great discoverer Harvey, on announcing the circulation of the blood, was astonished to find that no person upward of forty received this important truth. The young only embraced it. More fortunate than this discovery, our cause rallies in its support alike the experience of age and the ardor of youth; but it is in the glowing embrace of the young that it finds assurance of victory. Were I able to make myself heard throughout the land, I would say to the young men everywhere who truly love Liberty: “Your candidate has been the renowned pioneer of civilization in unsettled wastes: associate yourselves with him now as pioneers of Liberty in the National Government; help him unfurl at Washington the flag which he first unfurled on the peaks of the Rocky Mountains; and be copartners with him in the glory of redeeming our beloved country.” Present to the young men of Massachusetts, whom you represent, the assurance of my sincere interest in their happiness and welfare, and believe me, my dear Sir, with much regard, Faithfully yours, Charles Sumner. George H. Hoyt, Esq., of the Committee, &c. [Pg 7] [Pg 8] [Pg 9] D APPEAL TO THE REPUBLICANS OF RHODE ISLAND. LETTER TO A COMMITTEE, SEPTEMBER 4, 1856. Cresson, Alleghany Mountains, Pa., September 4, 1856. EAR SIR,—Were I well, I should regard your letter as a summons. But I am still in the hands of physicians, by whom I am carefully warned against all public effort. Most reluctantly, at this period of our country’s trial, do I submit. Accept for the Convention which will assemble at Providence my best wishes. Let it apply itself with earnestness, diligence, and singleness of purpose to the rescue of our fair land from the tyranny which now degrades it. Here is room for all,—the aged and the young, the Conservative and the Reformer. Surely, Rhode Island, if not utterly disloyal to herself, if not utterly disloyal to New England civilization, if not utterly disloyal to the Republic of which she constitutes a part, will rise up as one man and insist that Kansas shall be secured to Liberty, and that the Slave Oligarchy shall be driven from its usurped foothold in the National Government. At all events, this State, first planted by the Author of Religious Freedom, will see that Human Rights do not suffer through the votes of her children. Believe me, my dear Sir, faithfully yours, Charles Sumner. [Pg 10] I CONTRIBUTION FOR KANSAS. LETTER TO MESSRS. GREELEY AND MCELRATH, OF THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE, SEPTEMBER 23, 1856. Messrs. Greeley and McElrath:— have watched with interest your generous fund for the relief and liberation of Kansas, now insulted, trodden down, torn, and enslaved by the President of the United States, acting as the tool of the tyrannical Slave Oligarchy. To other funds for this important charity I have already given according to my small means; but, as a constant reader of the “Tribune,” I cannot miss the opportunity which you afford to protest anew against an unparalleled Crime, and to contribute anew to its mitigation. Please to accept the check which I enclose for one hundred dollars. I wish it were more, when so much is needed. Believe me, Gentlemen, your faithful servant, Charles Sumner. Philadelphia, September 23, 1856. [Pg 11] M REGRET FOR CONTINUED DISABILITY. LETTER TO HON. LEWIS D. CAMPBELL, OF OHIO, SEPTEMBER 24, 1856. HAMILTON, Monday, September 29, 1856. Editors of the Cincinnati Gazette:— Tens of thousands of the Friends of Freedom were anxious to meet Senator Sumner at this place on Friday last. Many went away disappointed. I had assured the Committee of Arrangements, that, if the state of his health permitted, he would attend the meeting. I have just received the enclosed private letter, which I venture to hand for publication, that those who were disappointed may understand and appreciate the cause of his non-attendance. It is in answer to a letter in which I urged Mr. Sumner to spend a fortnight in the Miami Valley for recreation, and to appear at the Hamilton meeting, even if his health should not permit him to speak. Very truly yours, &c. Lewis D. Campbell. Philadelphia, Wednesday, September 24, 1856. Y DEAR SIR,—Your letter of the 9th of September, after travelling to Boston, at last found me here, where I am still detained under medical treatment, away from my home, which I have not visited since I left it at the beginning of the late session of Congress, now ten months ago. With sorrow inexpressible, I am still constrained to all the care and reserve of an invalid. More than four months have passed since you clasped my hand as I lay bleeding at the Senate Chamber, and my system is even now so far from the firmness of health that any departure from the prescribed rule is sure to occasion a relapse. I could not reach Ohio except by slow stages; and were I there, I should not have the sanction of my physician in exposing myself to the excitements of a public meeting, even if I said nothing. This is hard, very hard, for me to bear; for I long to do something at this critical moment for the cause. What is life without action? For a while, at least, I must leave to others the precious satisfaction of laboring for Liberty and the redemption of our country. But I have the comfort of knowing that never before was I so little needed. God bless Ohio for her glorious testimony already, and her more glorious promises! Believe me, my dear Sir, very faithfully yours, Charles Sumner. Hon. Lewis D. Campbell, Hamilton, Ohio. [Pg 12] [Pg 13] D EFFECT OF A VOTE FOR BUCHANAN: APPEAL TO THE REPUBLICANS OF ILLINOIS. LETTER TO A COMMITTEE OF REPUBLICANS AT JOLIET, OCTOBER 2, 1856. The local paper reports that this letter “was received with tremendous applause.” Philadelphia, October 2, 1856. EAR SIR,—I am sorry that I cannot be with the Republicans of Illinois at Joliet on the 8th of October, according to the invitation with which they have honored me; but inexorable, long-continued disability and the admonitions of medical skill keep me back still from all public effort, and even from return to my home, which I have not visited for more than ten months. It is hard to renounce the opportunity which you offer me; for I have constantly hoped to visit Illinois during the present contest, and in plain language put to her people the questions which they are to decide by their votes. These are all involved in the Freedom of Kansas, but they are manifold in form. Are you against the extension of Slavery? If yea, then vote for Fremont. Are you especially against the extension of Slavery BY FORCE? If yea, then vote for Fremont. Are you against the erection of the Slave Oligarchy as the dominant power in our Republic? If yea, then vote for Fremont. Are you against the violation of the constitutional rights of American citizens? If yea, then vote for Fremont. Audacious sophistry, often exposed, but still flaunting abroad, may seek to deceive you. It may foam with abuse and bristle with perversion of fact; but it cannot obscure the unquestionable truth, which now stares everybody in the face, that a vote for Buchanan is a vote for all these bad things. It is a vote not simply for the extension of Slavery, but also for the extension of Slavery BY FORCE, involving, besides, the erection of the Slave Oligarchy as the dominant power in our Republic, and the violation of the constitutional rights of American citizens. Surely, Illinois will not be led to sanction such enormities. Hers will be the path of Liberty, which is, of course, the path of true patriotism. Through her agency incalculable harm has already come to the Republic; but I cannot forget that she has begun a glorious reparation, by introducing to the National Councils a Senator of rare skill in debate, of sweetest purity of character, and of perfect loyalty to those principles by which Liberty will be secured, and our good name extended in history. I refer to Mr. Trumbull, who now belongs to the whole country, which is justly grateful for his eminent services. With his example before her, Illinois cannot wander again into the support of Slavery. Give to the Republicans of Illinois my hearty God-speed, and let my absence speak to them. Ever faithfully yours, Charles Sumner. To Hon. J. O. Norton. [Pg 14] [Pg 15] D APPEAL FOR THE REPUBLICAN CAUSE. LETTER TO A COMMITTEE OF HUDSON RIVER COUNTIES, POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK, OCTOBER 3, 1856. Philadelphia, October 3, 1856. EAR SIR,—Among valued opportunities, which, by the dictation of my physician and the admonitions of continued ill-health, I am constrained to forego, is that afforded by the invitation, with which I have been honored, to meet the Republicans of the Hudson River Counties at Poughkeepsie. They will, I trust, believe me not indifferent to their kindness, or to the cause in whose name they are to assemble. Nothing but necessity could keep me thus aloof, a mere looker-on, while the great battle of Freedom is waged. The pleasure of the sight to a spectator secure in the distance has been declared by an ancient poet in a much admired passage, reproduced by a greater modern:— “’Tis pleasant also to behold from far The moving legions mingled in the war.” Yet the impulse and ardor of my convictions do not allow me to be content in any such retirement. I wish to enter the strife, and give such powers as I can to the righteous cause. But I am forbidden. It only remains that from my retreat I should send all that for the present I can give, the prayers and benedictions of one yet too feeble for any exertion. While thus sitting apart, I am permitted to survey the field and to recognize the ensigns of triumph now streaming in the fresh northern breeze. Everywhere the people are aroused, at least away from the pavement of great cities, where, too often, human perversity is such as to suggest that “God made the country and man made the town.” Iowa, at the extreme West, and Maine, at the extreme East, testify to a sentiment which must prevail also in the intermediate States. In proper season New York and Pennsylvania will confess it. And this is natural; for the whole broad country has been shocked by the enormities of which Mr. Buchanan, in the pending contest, is the unflinching representative, and Mr. Fillmore the cautious, but effective, partisan. In this contest I discern the masses of the people, under the name of the Republican party, together with good men regardless of ancient party ties, arrayed on the one side, while on the other side is the oligarchical combination of slave-masters, with the few Northern retainers they are yet able to keep, composed chiefly of sophists whose lives are involved in a spider’s web of fine-spun excuses, hirelings whose personal convictions are all lost in salary, present or prospective, and trimmers whose eyes fail to discern present changes of opinion only because they are fastened too greedily upon ancient chances of preferment. Such are the parties. And I discern clearly the precise question on which these parties are divided. In stating it I answer it. The Territory of Kansas has been made the victim of countless atrocities, in order to force Slavery upon its beautiful, uncontaminated soil. By lawless violence a Government has been established there, which, after despoiling the citizen of all his dearest rights, has surrounded Slavery with the protection of pretended statutes. And the question is distinctly submitted to the American people, “Are you ready to sanction these enormities?” This is the simple question. The orators of Slavery, freely visiting Poughkeepsie, could not answer it, and therefore they have kept it out of sight. But there the question stands. Refusing to become partakers of such wrong, you will contribute not only to the freedom of Kansas, but also to the overthrow of the brutal and domineering Oligarchy which seeks to enslave Kansas, simply as a stepping-stone to the enslavement of the whole country. Surely, no man can hesitate, when Freedom requires his vote. Nay, more, is not this cause worth living for? is not this cause worth dying for? Accept my thanks for the special kindness of your communication, and my regrets that I can answer it only by this imperfect letter. Believe me, dear Sir, ever faithfully yours, Charles Sumner. [Pg 16] [Pg 17] Stephen Baker, Esq. [Pg 18] M RELIEF FOR KANSAS. LETTER TO A COMMITTEE OF THE KANSAS AID SOCIETY AT BOSTON, OCTOBER 3, 1856. Philadelphia, October 3, 1856. Y DEAR SIR,—There is inspiration in a good cause, which is shown at once in the improved character of all who embrace it. Especially is this apparent in the young. Never is youth so radiant as under its influence. The young men of Boston have done wisely for themselves in associating together for the relief of Kansas. All that they can do will be twice blessed,—blessing them in their lives, and blessing distant despoiled fellow-citizens. With pleasure I learn that the Governor will preside at your earliest public meeting. But this is only according to the just rule of life. Kindred to honors are duties; and the head of a Christian Commonwealth should be the head of this Christian charity, while every citizen should range in place, and our beloved Massachusetts, by the contributions, voices, and votes of her unanimous children, should become one united, compact, all-embracing Kansas Relief Society, at once an overflowing fountain of beneficence and an irresistible example to the country. For myself, I would rather a thousand times serve this cause, even in the humblest capacity, than be a Governor indifferent to its appeals. All that can be given is needed; and whoso gives bestows upon a missionary enterprise, which, in the footsteps of Liberty, will carry peace, civilization, Christianity, the Bible, and all blessings of earth and heaven. To such a charity every person must give; if in no other way, the man who has two coats must sell one, and let Kansas have the other. But, while encouraging this effort, candor compels the confession that all your contributions will be of small account, unless a President and Congress are chosen who shall give their sympathies to Freedom rather than to Slavery. Only in this way can the rod of the oppressor be broken. A vote for such men will be a contribution to Kansas. Present my thanks to your associates, and accept for yourself the assurance of my special gratitude for that constant devotion to human freedom by which you have been distinguished. Ever faithfully yours, Charles Sumner. Dr. W. F. Channing. [Pg 19] [Pg 20] S DUTY TO VOTE FOR KANSAS AND FOR BURLINGAME. LETTER TO A MEETING AT FANEUIL HALL, OCTOBER 29, 1856. Philadelphia, October 29, 1856. IR,—I cannot be at Faneuil Hall on Saturday evening, according to the invitation with which I have been honored. But, though feeble still, I hope to be in Boston on the succeeding Tuesday, to vote. If not strong enough to speak, I trust at least to be able to perform this duty of the citizen. My vote will not be needed; but I am unwilling that the opportunity should pass of uttering my determined NO against the efforts now making to subjugate Kansas and to install the Slave Oligarchy in permanent control of the National Government. Against this dreadful conspiracy I protest, with all the ardor of my soul; and I know no way in which I can hope to make this protest immediately effective, except by casting my vote for those candidates openly and unequivocally hostile to the consummation of the crime. Especially shall I vote for Burlingame; and I shall do this, not only because I think him worthy of honor, and admire his generous nature, intrepidity, and eloquence, but because I have at heart the good name of Boston, and the welfare of my country. Boston should sustain Burlingame, not merely for his sake, but for her own sake,—not merely to do him honor, but to save herself from dishonor,—not merely from local pride, but to strengthen Liberty and to serve the whole Republic, now endangered alike from criminal audacity and from subservient timidity. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your faithful servant, Charles Sumner. To the Chairman of the Meeting at Faneuil Hall. [Pg 21] [Pg 22]