Change Detection of Sri Ram Sagar Project-1 Command Area using Geospatial tools A report submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad For the award of Degree of Master of Technology In Geo Informatics and Surveying Technology By PANJALA PRANAY Roll. No. 15031D4707 CENTRE FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD-500 072, INDIA December, 2017 1 2 Change Detection of Sri Ram Sagar Project-1 Command Area using Geospatial tools Report Submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad By Panjala Pranay International Crops Research Institute for the Semi – Arid Tropics Patancheru, 502 324 Telangana State, India JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Kukatpally, Hyderabad – 500 085, Telangana (India) Centre for Spatial Information Technology CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “Change Detection of Sri Ram Sagar Project-1 Command Area using Geospatial tools" submitted by Mr. Panjala Pranay to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad for the award of the degree of Master of Technology (M.Tech) is a record of bona fide research work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. Mr. Panjala Pranay has worked on this topic for about ten months and the dissertation, in our opinion, is worthy of consideration for the award of Master of Technology in accordance with the regulations of the institute. The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other university or Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma. Signature of supervisor, Mr. J. VENKATESH Assoc. Professor, CSIT IST, JNTUH 4 DECLARATION I, Panjala Pranay hereby declare that the report entitled upon “Change Detection of Sri Ram Sagar Project-1 Command Area using Geospatial tools” is an authenticated work carried out by me at ICRISAT under the guidance of Dr. G. Murali Krishna, Scientist-GIS/Geospatial Science (RS and GIS Laboratory), at International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India, during the period of my study as a part of curriculum in Master of Technology in Geo Informatics and Surveying Technology. Date: Place: HYDERABAD Panjala Pranay 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to a number of people, without whom this dissertation would not have been completed. I express my heartfelt gratitude and indebtedness to Dr. G. Murali Krishna (Senior Scientist, RS & GIS, ICRISAT) and J. Venkatesh (Assoc. Prof. CSIT, JNTUIST) for his extensive help in helping me with the basics, methodologies and suggestions. We extend sincere thanks for his inspiring guidance, constant interest, suggestions, and encouragement throughout the course of these investigations. I was grateful to the Learning Systems Unit (LSU) at ICRISAT, for providing us an opportunity to join an institute of international repute and excellence in research. I owe my heartiest thanks to Mr. Irshad A Mohammed (Lead Scientific Officer, ICRISAT), Mr. Prashant Patil (Consultant, ICRISAT) and Mr. Ismail Rafi (DBA, ICRISAT) for their suggestions and support to carry out this work successfully. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Anthony M Whitbread (Research Program Director, Innovation Systems for Dryland Agriculture). I sincerely acknowledge to International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) for providing the infrastructure and the datasets. Working for ICRISAT gave me an opportunity to work on this project that lead to B.Sc. Agriculture dissertation. Perhaps my greatest good fortune has been to have friends like N. Keerthi, G. Varun and P. Tanuja who met me at the time of preparation of my study and helped me with this work. I express my gratitude to all whose names have not been mentioned individually but have helped me directly or indirectly in this work. 6 Title: Change Detection of Sri Ram Sagar Project-1 Command Area using Geospatial Tools Name: Pranay Panjala Institute: JNTU- Institute of Science and Technology (IST), Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India Internal Guide: J.Venkatesh Project Organization: ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics), Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana, India External Guide: Dr. Murali Krishna Gumma ABSTRACT Sri Rama Sagar Project is I is a multipurpose project constructed across the Godavari River near Pochampad (V) Balkonda (M) Nizamabad (District) during 1964 which is envisaged to irrigate an ayacut of 9, 68,640 Acres covering erstwhile four Districts viz, (Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar and Warangal) of Telangana and the dam was also meant for generating ( 4*9 MW ) 36MW power of which 3*9MW are already constructed and operational. The main of this study to assess and mapping the changes of crop intensity (i.e., double crop or single crop) under SRSP command area during the irrigated (2000-01, 2010-11) and non irrigated years (2004-05, 2015-16) using coarse resolution multispectral temporal satellite data (MODIS 250m) and their change detection using Geo Spatial Tools. This classification is mainly done by using spectral matching techniques i.e., comparing ideal spectral signatures with NDVI values and Google Earth. This work will help for decision makers to estimate the amount of crop and cropping intensity under the command area. 7 Contents DECLARATION........................................................................................................................... 5 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Remote Sensing- Definition .............................................................................................................. 12 1.3 Scope of Remote Sensing .................................................................................................................. 12 1.4 Sensors .............................................................................................................................................. 12 1.5 Remote Sensing Platforms ................................................................................................................ 13 1.6 Electromagnetic spectrum ................................................................................................................ 13 1.7 Interactions with the Atmosphere ................................................................................................... 15 1.8 Reflectance........................................................................................................................................ 17 1.9 Advantages And Limitations Of Remote Sensing .............................................................................. 17 1.10 Satellite characteristics ................................................................................................................... 19 1.11 Resolution ....................................................................................................................................... 20 1.12 Image Characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 21 1.13 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 2 STUDY AREA .......................................................................................................... 26 2.1 Location: ............................................................................................................................................ 27 2.2 Components ...................................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter 3 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 29 Chapter 4 DATABASE AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................... 33 4.1 Satellite Data ..................................................................................................................................... 33 4.2 Software used for the research ........................................................................................................ 33 4.3 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................... 35 4.3.1 Data Download .......................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.2 Data Conversion ............................................................................................................................. 38 4.3.3 Preparation of Mega File Datasets ............................................................................................. 40 4.4 Unsupervised Classification .............................................................................................................. 45 4.4.1 Ideal spectra generation ............................................................................................................ 46 8 4.4.2 Class spectra generation ............................................................................................................ 48 4.5 Class Identification and Labeling process: ........................................................................................ 49 4.6 Change Detection and validation ...................................................................................................... 50 4.7 Ground Truth Values ......................................................................................................................... 51 Chapter 5 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION ............................................................................ 52 5.1 Land Use Land Cover Classification ................................................................................................... 52 5.4 Area wise Classification 2010-11 and 2015-16 ................................................................................. 54 5.5 Area wise Classification 2000-01 and 2004-05 ................................................................................. 55 5.3 Double Crop Vs Single Crop .............................................................................................................. 56 5.2 Change Detection .............................................................................................................................. 57 5.6 Accuracy Assessment ........................................................................................................................ 58 5.7 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 59 Chapter 6 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 60 9 Table of Figures Figure 1-1:Electromagnetic Spectrum ........................................................................................................ 14 Figure 1-2: Swath ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 2-1: SRSP Command Area .............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 2-2: SRSP with its Canals ................................................................................................................ 28 Figure 4-1: MRT Application Interface ..................................................................................................... 38 Figure 4-2: ER Mapper 2014 Interface ....................................................................................................... 42 Figure 4-3: Stacked File .............................................................................................................................. 43 Figure 4-4: Ideal NDVI curves for some land use classes .......................................................................... 47 Figure 4-5: NDVI mean values for every month in crop year 2000-01 ...................................................... 49 Figure 4-6: Accuracy Assessment & Random Values ................................................................................ 50 Figure 5-1: Classification images 2000-01 and 2004-05 ............................................................................ 52 Figure 5-2: Classification images 2010-11 and 2015-16 ............................................................................ 53 Figure 5-3: Area Wise percentage of LULC during the years 2010-11 and 2015-16 ................................ 54 Figure 5-4: Area Wise percentage of LULC during the years 2000-01 and 2004-05 ................................ 55 Figure 5-5: Change Detection ..................................................................................................................... 57 Figure 5-6: Accuracy Report for the year 2000-01 ..................................................................................... 58 Figure 5-7: Accuracy Report for the Year 2010-11 .................................................................................... 58 List of Tables Table 2-1: Location of SRSP & LMD ....................................................................................................... 27 Table 2-2: SRSP Description ...................................................................................................................... 27 Table 4-1: MODIS Land use Bands ............................................................................................................ 37 Table 4-2: Ground Truth Values ................................................................................................................. 51 Table 5-1: Class wise area for all years ...................................................................................................... 53 List of Graphs Graph 5-1: Double Crop Vs Single crop ..................................................................................................... 56 10