NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and Kluwer Academic Publishers Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London o Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Springer-Verlag Systems Sciences Berlin Heidelberg New York G Ecological Sciences London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong H Cell Biology Series H: Cell Biology Vol. 43 The ASI Series Books Published as a Result of Activities of the Special Programme on CELL TO CELL SIGNALS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS This book contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanched Research Workshop held within the activities of the NATO Special Programme on Cell to Cell Signals in Plants and Animals, running from 1984 to 1989 under the auspices of the NATO Science Committee. The books published as a result of the activities of the Special Programme are: Vol. 1: Biology and Molecular Biology of Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Edited by JA Bailey. 1986. Vol. 2: Glial-Neuronal Communication in Development and Regeneration. Edited by H.H. Althaus and W Seifert. 1987. Vol. 3: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: Structure and Function. Edited by A. Maelicke. 1986. Vol. 4: Recognition in Microbe-Plant Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions. Edited by B. Lugtenberg. 1986. Vol. 5: Mesenchymal-Epithelial Interactions in Neural Development. Edited by J.R. Wolff, J. Sievers, and M. Berry. 1987. Vol. 6: Molecular Mechanisms of Desensitization to Signal Molecules. Edited byTM. Konjin, P.J.M. Van Haastert, H. Van der Starre, H. Van derWel, and M.D. Houslay. 1987. Vol. 7: Gangliosides and Modulation of Neuronal Functions. Edited by H. Rahmann. 1987. Vol. 9: Modification of Cell to Cell Signals During Normal and Pathological Aging. Edited By S. Govoni and F. Battaini. 1987. Vol. 10 Plant Hormone Receptors. Edited by D. KIEimbt. 1987. Vol. 11: Host-Parasite Cellular and Molecular Interactions in Protozoal Infections. Edited by K.-P. Chang and D. Snary. 1987. Vol.12 The Cell Surface in Signal Transduction. Edited by E. Wagner, H. Greppin, and B. Millet. 1987. Vol. 19: Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity in Nervous Systems. Edited byG. Hertting and H.-C. Spatz. 1988. Vol. 20: AminoAcid Availability and Brain Function in Health and Disease. Edited by G. Huether. 1988. Vol. 21: Cellular and Molecular Basis of Synaptic Transmission. Edited by H. Zimmermann. 1988. Vol. 23: The Semiotics of Cellular Communication in the Immune System. Edited by E.E. Sercarz, F. Celada, NA Mitchison, and 1. Tada. 1988. Vol. 24 Bacteria, Complement and the Phagocytic Cell. Edited by F. C. Cabello and C. Pruzzo. 1988. Vol. 25: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Nervous System. Edited by F. Celementi, C. Gotti, and E. Sher. 1988. Vol. 26: Cell to Cell Signals in Mammalian Development. Edited by SW. de Laat, J.G. Bluemink, and C.L. Mummery. 1989. Vol. 27: Phytotoxins and Plant Pathogenesis. Edited by A. Graniti, R.D. Durbin, and A. Ballio. 1989. Vol. 31: Neurobiology of the Inner Retina. Edited by R. Weiler and N.N. Osborne. 1989. Vol. 32: Molecular Biology of Neuroreceptors and Ion Channels. Edited by A. Maelicke. 1989. Vol. 33: Regulatory Mechanisms of Neuron to Vessel Communication in the Brain. Edited by F. Battaini, S. Govoni, M.S. Magnoni, and M. Trabucchi. 1989. Vol. 35: Cell Separation in Plants: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Edited by D.J. Osborne and M.B. Jackson. 1989. Vol. 36: Signal Molecules in Plants and Plant-Microbe Interactions. Edited by B.J.J. Lugtenberg. 1989. Vol. 39: Chemosensory Information Processing. Edited by D. Schild. 1990. Vol. 41: Recognition and Response in Plant-Virus Interactions. Edited by R.S.S. Fraser. 1990. Vol. 43: Cellular and Molecular Biology of Myelination. Edited by G. Jeserich, H. H. Althaus, and 1. V. Waehneldt. 1990. Cellular and Molecular Biology of Myelination Edited by G. Jeserich Universitat OsnabrOck, FB Biologie/Chemie BarbarastraBe 11 , 4500 OsnabrOck, FRG H. H. Althaus T.V. Waehneldt Max-Planck-Institut fOr Experimentelle Medizin Hermann-Rein-StraBe 3, 3400 Gottingen, FRG Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cellular and Molecular Biology of Myelination, held at Monastery Ohrbeck near Osnabruck, FRG, August 28-September 2,1989 ISBN-13: 978-3-642-83970-2 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-83968-9 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-83968-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Cellular and molecular biology of myelination/edited by G. Jeserich, H. H. Althaus, TV Waehneldt p. cm.-(NATO ASI series. Series H, Cell biology; vol. 43) "Proceed ings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cellular and Molecular Biology of Myelination held at Monastery Ohrbeck near OsnabrOck, FRG, August 28-September 2, 1989"-Tp. verso. ISBN-13 978-3-642-83970-2 (U.S.) 1. Neuroglia-Growth-Molecular aspects-Congresses. 2. Myelination-Congresses. I. Jeserich, G. (Gunnar),1950- . II. Althaus, Hans H. III. Waehneldt, TV (Thomas V), 1932- . IV NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cellular and Molecular Biology of Myelination (1989: OsnabrOck, Germany) V Series. OP363.2C45 1989 599'.0188-dc20 90-9587 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions ofthe German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current verSion, and a cOPYright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1990 Softeover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990 2131/3140-543210-Printed on acid-free-paper PREFACE The process of myelination is one of the key events during nervous system development and represent the ultimate step of cellular differentiation by which proper neuronal function is attained. Knowledge of the biochemistry and cell biology of the myelin-forming glia has advanced rapidly in recent years. This progress was to a large extent conveyed by the concerted application of new experimental tools, including improved cell culture systems, availability of specific immunological probes and the powerful development of recombinant DNA technology and cell transfection. The multidisciplinary aspects of glial cell biology and myelination were com prehensively dicussed by leading neuroscientist from Europe, Israel, USA and Canada at a NATO Advanced Research Workshop held at Monastery Ohrbeck, near Osnabruck, August 28 -September 2,1989. The meeting concentrated on the following major topics: A detailed characterization of the different steps of oligodendroglial differentiation ranging from a bipotential precurser to the actively myelinating oligodendrocyte was given. Subsequently the regenerative potential of mature oligodendrocytes after experimental lesioning was discussed and most recent progress made in the field of glial cell transplantation was reported. Furthermore the role of specific growth factors and their receptors for glial cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated in detail. Special emphasis was given to the involvement of proteinkinases A and C in the underlying transmembrane signalling events. New avenues of glial cell biology were pursued by means of genetically manipulated cells. In a subsequent session recent developments in the field of myelin membrane biochemistry were discussed. Another topic of major interest was related to the molecular structure and regulation of genes coding for myelin proteins. Detailed information was given as regards the structure of myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein genes as well as the chain of events underlying myelin gene expression in the peripheral nervous system. VI The rather remote location of the meeting place and its intimate setting provided an appropriate frame for fruitful discussions and a stimulating exchange of ideas in a friendly and harmonious atmosphere. We hope that these positive experiences are reflected in the contents of this book. The papers presented at the conference are combined m the present volume. The editors are very grateful to the participants for their cooperative efforts. We are particularly grateful to the NATO Scientific Affairs Division who provided the major fmanciaI support of this conference. In addition the meeting was sponsored by the following companies: Becton-Dickinson (Heidelberg), Boehringer (Mannheim), Millipore (Eschborn), Sartorius (Gottingen), Schleicher & Schuell (Dassel). Finally we would like to thank the administration and staff of Monastery Ohrbeck for their kind hospitality as well as our coworkers who contributed to the success of the meeting. Gunnar Je serich Hans H. Althaus Thomas v. Waehne1dt VII 1 J.N. Larocca, 2 A. Stratmann, 3 D. Michaelis, 4 W.T. Norton, 5 J. Malotka, 6 M.G. Rumsby, 7 JA. Black, 8 P. Morell, 9 DA. Kirschner, 10 M. Dubois-Dalcq, 11 G. Almazan, 12 J.F. Poduslo, 13 M. Tosic, 14 P.E. Braun, 15 M. Gumpel, 16 S.E. Pfeiffer, 17 P. Honegger, 18 F. Kirchhoff, 19 J.-P. Zanetta, 20 S.K. Ludwin, 21 M. Schuch, 22 U. Walter, 23 G. Lemke, 24 B.D. Trapp, 25 H. Marahrens, 26 W.D. Richardson, 27 FA. McMorris, 28 B. Zalc, 29 A. Roach, 30 A. Espinosa de los Monteros, 31 G. Jeserich, 32 C. Linington, 33 S. Szuchet, 34 H. Beriet, 35 W.F. Blakemore, 36 S.U. Kim, 37 F.x. Omlin, 38 D.R. Colman, 39 T.V. Waehneldt, 40 T. Rauen, 41 R.K. Yu, 42 M.V. Gardinier, 43 H.H. Althaus. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF MYELINATION August, 28 - September 2, 1989 Monastery Ohrbeck, FRG Almazan, Guillermina Braun, Peter E. Department of Pharmacology Department of Biochemistry & Therapeutics McGill University McGill University 3655 Drummond Street 3655 Drummond Street McIntyre Medical Science Building Montreal, PQ H3G 1Y6 Montreal, PO H3G 1Y 6 Canada Canada Althaus, Hans H. Colman, David R. Max-Planck-Institut Department of Anatomy f. Experimentelle Medizin Columbia University Hermann-Reinstr.3 630 W 168th Street 3400 Gottingen New York, NY 10032 FRG USA Black, Joel A. Dubois-Dalcq, Monique Department of Neurology Laboratory of Molecular Genetics Yale University of Medicine National Institute of Neurology 333 Cedar Street and Communicative Disorders and New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Stroke USA National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD 20892 Blakemore, William F. USA Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine Espinosa de los Monteros, Aracelie University of Cambridge Neuropsychiatric Institute Madingleyroad University of California Cambridge CB3 OES Rm68-225 England 760 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759 USA IX Gardinier, Minnetta V. Kirschner, Daniel A. Laboratoire de Neurochimie Neurology Research Service de P6diatrie Children's Hospital Centre Hospitalier Department of Neurology U niversitaire Vaudois Harvard Medical School CH-1011 Lausanne 300 Longwood Avenue Switzerland Boston, MA 02115 USA Gumpel, Madelaine Laboratoire de Neurochimie Kuo, J.F. I.N.S.E.R.M. U.134 Department of Pharmacology Hopital de la Salpetriere Amory University 47, Boulevard de l'Hopital Atlanta, Georgia 30322 F-75651 Paris Cedex 13 USA France Larocca, Jorge N. Honegger, Paul Albert Einstein College Institut de Physiologie Yeshiva University Universite Lausanne Department of Neurology Faculte de Medicine 1300 Morris Park Avenue 7, Rue du Bugnon Bronx, NY 10461 CH-1011 Lausanne USA Switzerland Lemke, Greg Jeserich, Gunnar Molecular Neurobiol. Laboratory Universitat Osnabriick Salk Institute FE Biologie/Chemie 10010 Torrey Pines Rd Abt. Zoophysiologie La Jolla, CA 92037 Barbarastr.11 USA 4500 Osnabriick FRG Linington, Christopher University of Wales Kim, Seung U. Department of Medicine Department of Medicine Heath Park Division of Neurology Cardiff, CF4 4XN University of British Columbia England Vancouver Canada x Ludwin, Samuel K. Pfeiffer, Steven E. Department of Pathology Department of Microbiology Queen's University University of Connecticut Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6 Health Center Canada Farmington, cr 06032 USA McMorris, F. Arthur The Wistar Institute and Poduslo, Joseph F. Children's Hospital of Membrane Biochemistry Laboratory Philadelphia Departments of Neurology and 36th Street at Spruce Biochemistry Philadelphia, P A 19104 Mayo Medical School and USA Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905 Morell, Pierre USA Biological Sciences Research Center Richardson, William D. Building 220H Department of Zoology University of North Carolina University College London School of Medicine Gower Street Chapel Hill, NC 27514 London WC1E 6BT USA England Norton, William T. Roach, Arthur Department of Neurology Mount Sinai Hospital Albert Einstein College Research Institute of Medicine 600 University Avenue 1300 Morris Park Ave Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Building F Rml40 Canada Bronx, NY 10461 USA Rumsby, Martin G. Department of Biology Omlin, Francois X. University of York Institut d'Histologie et York, Y01 5DD d'Embryologie England Universite de Lausanne Rue du Bugnon 9 CH-1011 Lausanne Switzerland