Preface Scientific progress often takes place when new technologies. Appendices include representative technologies are developed, or when old procedures cultured cell lines and their characteristics, Internet are improved. Today, more than ever, we are in need resources in cell biology, and bioinformatic resources of complementary technology platforms to tackle for in silico proteome analysis. The Handbook pro- complex biological problems, as we are rapidly vides in a single source most of the classical and moving from the analysis of single molecules to the emerging technologies that are essential for research in study of multifaceted biological problems. The third the life sciences. Short of having an expert at your side, edition of Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook brings the protocols enable researchers at all stages of their together 236 articles covering novel techniques and career to embark on the study of biological problems procedures in cell and molecular biology, proteomics, using a variety of technologies and model systems. genomics, and functional genomics. It contains 561 Techniques are presented in a friendly, step-by-step new articles, many of which were commissioned in fashion, and gives useful tips as to potential pitfalls of response to the extraordinary feedback we received the methodology. from the scientific community at large. I would like to extend my gratitude to the Associ- As in the case of the second edition, the Handbook ate Editors for their hard work, support, and vision in has been divided in four volumes. The first volume selecting new techniques. I would also like to thank the covers tissue culture and associated techniques, staff at Elsevier for their constant support and dedica- viruses, antibodies, and immunohistochemistry. tion to the project. Many people participated in the Volume 2 covers organelles and cellular structures as realization of the Handbook and I would like to thank well as assays in cell biology. Volume 3 includes in particular Lisa Tickner, Karen Dempsey, Angela imaging techniques, electron microscopy, scanning Dooley, and Tari Paschall for coordinating and organ- probe and scanning electron microscopy, micro- izing the preparation of the volumes. My gratitude is dissection, tissue arrays, cytogenetics and in situ also extended to all the authors for the time and energy hybridization, genomics, transgenic, knockouts, and they dedicated to the project. knockdown methods. The last volume includes trans- fer of macromolecules, expression systems, and gene Julio .E Celis expression profiling in addition to various proteomic Editor xlv Contributors Numbers in parenthesis indicate the volume (bold face) and page on which the authors' contribution begins. Mads Aaboe :4( )38 Clinical Biochemical Terence Allen (3: 325) CRC Structural Cell Biology Department, Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Brendstrupgaardvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, UNITED DENMARK KINGDOM Tanja Aarvak :1( 239) Dynal Biotech ASA, PO Box Noona Ambartsumian :1( 363) Department of ,411 Smestad, N-0309, NORWAY Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Biology, Strandboulevarden 49, Harindra R. Abeysinghe :3( 345) Department of Copenhagen, DK-2100, DENMARK Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, 106 Elmwood Ave., Oystein Amellem :1( 239) Immunosystems, Dynal Rm 1-6337, Rochester, NY 14642 Biotech ASA, PO Box 114, Smestad, N-0309, NORWAY Ruedi Aebersold :4( 437) The Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103- Patrick Amstutz :1( 497) Department of 4098 Biochemistry, University of Zfrich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, CH-8057, SWITZERLAND Ueli Aebi :3( 233, 241) ME Muller Institute for Microscopy, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Jens .S Andersen :4( 427) Protein Interaction Klingelbergstr. 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Laboratory, University of Southern Denmark m SWITZERLAND Odense, Campusvej 55, Odense M, DK-5230, DENMARK Cheol-Hee Ahn :4( )92 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Mads Hald Andersen :1( )79 Tumor Immunology 151-744, SOUTH KOREA Group, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden ,94 Copenhagen, DK- Natalie G. Ahn :4( 443) Department of Chemistry 2100, DENMARK & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 512 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 Helena Andersson :4( )36 Bioscience at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Halsovagen 7-9, Huddinge, Ramiro Alberio :4( )54 School of Biosciences, 141-ES ,75 SWEDEN University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, UNITED Peter W. Andrews :1( 183) Department of KINGDOM Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Rm 2B 238, Sheffield, $10 2TN, UNITED KINGDOM Donna G. Albertson :3( 445) Cancer Research Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Elsa Anes :2( )75 Faculdade de Farmacia, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0808, San Universidade de Lisboa, .vA Forcas Armadas, Lisboa, Francisco, CA 94143-0808 1649-019, PORTUGAL Heiner Albiez :1( 291) Department of Biology II, James M. Angelastro :1( 171) Department of Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Pathology and Center for Neurobiology and GERMANY Behavior, Columbia University College of Physicians xxiii xxiv SROTUBIRTNOC and Surgeons, 036 West 168th Street, New York, NY Werner Baschong :3( )5 EM Muller Institute for 23001 Microscopy, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Sergey .V Anisimov :4( 103) Molecular Cardiology SWITZERLAND Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 Philippe I. H. Bastiaens :3( 153) Cell Biology and Cell Biophysics Program, European Molecular Celia Antonio :2( 379) Department of Biochemistry Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse ,1 Heidelberg, & Molecular Biophysics, College of Physicians & ,71196 GERMANY Surgeons, Columbia University, 107 W 168ST HHSC ,427 New York, NY 71196 Jiirgen .C Becker :1( 103) Department of Dermatology, University of W6rzburg, Sanderring ,2 Shigehisa Aoki :1( 411) Department of Pathology W6rzburg, 97070, GERMANY & Biodefence, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nebeshima 5-1-1, Saga, 849-8501, JAPAN Martin B6h6 :4( 149) Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philipp's-University of Marburg, Ron D. Appel :4( 207) Swiss Institute of Baldingerstrat~e, Marburg/Lahn, D-35043, Bioinformatics, CMU, Rue Michel Servet ,1 Geneva ,4 GERMANY CH-1211, SWITZERLAND Thomas M. Behr :4( 149) Department of Nuclear Rolf Apweiler :4( 469) EMBL Outstation, European Medicine, Philipp's-University of Marburg, Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Baldingerstrat~e, Marburg, D-35043, GERMANY Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UNITED KINGDOM Stefanie Benesch :2( 399) Department of Cell Biology, Gesellschaft fur Biotechnoogische Nobukazu Araki :2( 147) Department of Histology Forschung, Mascheroder Weg ,1 Braunschweig, -D and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa ,42183 GERMANY University, Mki, Kagawa, 761-0793, JAPAN Christopher M. Armstrong :4( 295) Dana Faber Aaron Bensimon :3( 429) Laboratoire de Biophysique de I'ADN, Departement des Cancer Institute, Harvard University, 44 Binney Biotechnologies, Institut Pasteur, 52 rue du .rD Roux, Street, Boston, MA 51120 Paris Cedex ,51 F-75724, FRANCE Anthony .J Ashford :2( 155) Antibody Facility, Max Planck Institute of Molecullar Cell Biology and John .J M. Bergeron :2( )14 Department of Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrsse 108, Dresden, D-01307, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, GERMANY McGill University, STRATHCONA Anatomy & Dentistry Building, Montreal, QC, H3A ,2B2 Daniel Axelrod :3( )91 Dept of Physics & CANADA Biophysics Research Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 5501-90184 Michael W. Berns :3( 351) Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Sheree Bailey :1( 475) Dept of Immunology, Road ,E Irvine, CA 5741-79629 Allergy and Arthritis, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, ,AS Joseph .R Bertino :1( 315) The Cancer Institute of 5051, SOUTH AUSTRALIA New Jersey, 591 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 10980 Nathalie Q. Balaban :2( 419) Department of Physics, The Hebrew University-Givat Ram, Racah Paulo Bianco :1( )97 Dipartimento di Medicina Institute, Jerusalem, 91904, ISRAEL Sperimentale e Patologia, Universita 'La Sapienza', Viale Regina Elena 324, Roma, ,16100-1 YLATI William E. Balch :2( 209) Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Hans Kaspar Binz :1( 497) Department of 05501 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 Biochemistry, University of Z~irich, Winterthurerstr. ,091 Z6rich, CH-8057, SWITZERLAND Debabrata Banerjee :1( 315) Department of Medicine, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 591 Little .R Curtis Bird :1( 247) Department of Pathobiology, Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Auburn University, Auburn, AL 94863 Jiri Bartek :4( 253) Department of Cell Cycle and Mina .J Bissell :1( 139) Life Sciences Division, Cancer, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron ,94 Copenhagen, DK-2100, DENMARK Road, Bldg 83-101, Berkeley, CA 02749 CONTRIBUTORS XXV Stephanie Blackwood :3( 445) Cancer Research Nicholas H. Brown :3( )77 Wellcome Trust/Cancer Institute, University of California San Francisco, PO Research UK Institute and Departmentt of Anatomy, xoB 0808, San Francisco, CA 8080-34149 University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, 2BC 1QR, UNITED KINGDOM Blagoy Blagoev :4( 427) Protein Interaction Laboratory, University of Southern Denmark m Heather L. Brownell :2( 329, 341) Office of Odense, Campusvej ,55 Odense M, DK-5230, Technology Licensing and Industry Sponsored DENMARK Research, Harvard Medical School, 52 Shattuck Street, Gordon Hall of Medicine, Room 414, Boston, Kenneth R. Boheler :4( 103) Laboratory of MA 51120 Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD Damien Brunner :3( )96 Cell Biology and Cell 5286-42212 Biophysics Programme, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse ,1 Heidelberg, ,71196-D Michelle A. Booden :1( 345) Lineberger GERMANY Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 5927-99572 Suzannah Bumpstead :3( 463) Genotyping / Chr ,02 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Gary G. Borisy :3( 277) Department of Cell and Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UNITED KINGDOM School, Chicago, IL 2703-1106 Deborah C. Burford :3( 403) Wellcome Trust, Elliot Botvinick :3( 351) Beckman Laser Institute, Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UNITED Road, East, Irvine, CA 5741-79629 KINGDOM G6rard Bouchet :4( 207) Swiss Institute of Gerald Burgstaller :2( 161) Department of Cell Bioinformatics (SIB), CMU, rue Michel-Servet ,1 Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Gen6ve ,4 CH-1211, SWITZERLAND Academy of Sciences, Billrothstrasse ,11 Salzburg, Rosemary Boyle :4( 437) The Institute for Systems A-5020, AUSTRIA Biology, 1441 North 34th St., Seattle, WA 90189 Ian M. Caldicott :1( 157) Susanne Brandfass :1( 563) Department of Angelique S. Camp :1( 457) Gene Therapy Centre, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 9117 of Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fat~berg ,11 Gottingen, Thurston-Bowles (G44 Wilson Hall), Chapel Hill, NC D-37077, GERMANY 2537-99572 Pascal Braun :4( )37 Department of Chemistry and Keith H. .S Campbell :4( )54 School of Biosciences, Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 21 Oxford Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, Street, Cambridge, MA 83120 UNITED KINGDOM Steven A. Braut :4( 121) Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Golding # 601, Albert Einstein u Cao :1( 373) Microbiology & Tumor Biology College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 0031 Center, Karolinska Institute, Room: Skrivrum (G415), Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 16401 xoB 280, Stockholm, SE-171 ,77 SWEDEN Alvis Brazma :4( )59 EMBL Outstation--Hinxton, Maria Carmo-Fonseca :2( 277, :3 419) Institute of European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, of Lisbon, .vA Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, ,820-9461 UNITED KINGDOM PORTUGAL .J David Briley :3( 471) Department of Genomic .T Carneiro :3( 419) Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Sciences, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, .vA Prof. Development, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, PORTUGAL Park, NC 8933-90772 Nigel .P Carter :2( 133) The Wellcome Trust, Sanger Simon Broad :1( 133) Keratinocyte Laboratory, Institute, The Wellcome Trust, Genome Campus, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UNITED London, WC2A 3PX, UNITED KINGDOM KINGDOM xxvi SROTUBIRTNOC C61ia Carvalho :3( 419) Faculty of Medicine, Juno Choe :1( 269) Institute for Systems Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of 1441 N. 34th ,tS Seattle, WA 98103 Lisbon, .vA Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Claus R. .L Christensen :1( 363) Department of PORTUGAL Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Lucy A. Carver :2( )11 Cellular and Molecular Institute of Cancer Biology, Strandboulevarden ,94 Biology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Copenhagen, DK-2100, DENMARK 10835 Altman Row, San Diego, CA 12129 Theodore Ciaraldi :1( 121) Veterans Affairs Medical Doris Cassio :1( 231, :3 387) INSERM U-442: Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Signalisation cellulaire et calcium, Bat 443, Universite Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 1119-39029 Paris-Sud, Street George Clemenceau Pack, 444, Aaron Ciechanover :4( 351) Center for Tumor and Orsay, Cedex, F-91405, FRANCE Vascular Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Chris Catton :3( 207) Department of Zoology, and Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, Technology, POB 9649, Efron Street, Bat Galim, Haifa, 1XO 3PS, UNITED KINGDOM 31096, ISRAEL Julio .E Celis :1( 527, :4 ,96 165, 219, 243, 289) Mark .S .F Clarke :2( 233, :4 )5 Department of Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Biology Health and Human Performance, University of and Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Houston, 3855 Holman Street, GarrisonmRm 104D, Research, Strandboulevarden ,94 Copenhagen O, Houston, XT 77204-6015 DK-2100, DENMARK Martin Clynes :1( 335) National Institute for Pierre Chambon :3( 501) Institut de G6n6tique Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, et de Biologie Mol6culaire et Cellulaire, 1 rue Glasnevin, Dublin, ,9 IRELAND Laurent Fries, B.P.10142, Illkirch CEDEX, F-67404, Philippe Collas :1( 207) Institute of Medical FRANCE Biochemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 2111 Francis Ka-Ming Chan :2( 355) Department of Blindern, Oslo, 0317, NORWAY Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Kristen Correia :4( )53 Krumlauf Lab, Stowers School, Room $2-125, 55 Lake Avenue North, Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Worcester, MA 01655 Kansas City, MO 64110 Ming-Shien Chang :3( )78 Department of Physics, Pascale Cossart :2( 407) Unite des Interactions Duke University, 701 Physics Bldg, Durham, NC Bacteries-Cellules/Unit6 INSERM 604, Institut 27708-1000 Pasteur, ,82 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris Cedex ,51 F-75724, FRANCE Samit Chatterjee :2( 241) Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Thomas Cremer :1( 291) Department of Biology ,II Ophthalmology, Weill Medical College of Cornell Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 12001 80333, GERMANY Sandeep Chaudhary :1( 121) Veterans Affairs Robert A. Cross :2( 371) Molecular Motors Group, Medical Center, San Diego (V111G), 3350 La Jolla Marie Curie Research Institute, The Chart, Oxted, Village Drive, San Diego, CA 16129 Surrey, RH8 0TE, UNITED KINGDOM Jingwen Chen :3( 471) Department of Genomic Matthew .E Cunningham :1( 171) Hospital for Sciences, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Special Surgery, New York Hospital, 520 .E 70th Development, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Street, New York, NY 12001 Park, NC 27709 No61ia Cust6dio :3( 419) Faculty of Medicine, Yonglong Chen :1( 191) Institute for Biochemistry Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Lisbon, .vA Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa, 1649-028, Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg ,11 G6ttingen, PORTUGAL D-37077, GERMANY Zbigniew Darzynkiewwicz :1( 279) The Yong Woo Cho :4( )92 Akina, Inc., Business & Cancer Research Institute, New York Medical Technology Center, 1291 Cumberland Ave., #E130, College, 91 Bradhurst Avenue, Hawthorne, NY West Lafayette, IN 47906 23501 SROTUBIRTNOC xxvii Ilan Davis :3( 187) Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell James Fred Dice :4( 345) Department Physiology, Biology, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Tufts University School of Medicine, 631 Harrison University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Ave, Boston, MA 11120 The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, Thomas J. Diefenbach :4( 307) Department of EH9 3JR, SCOTLAND Physiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 631 Stephen C. De Rosa :1( 257) Vaccine Research Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 11120 Center, National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Dr., Chris Dinant :2( 121) Biomolecular Sciences, Room 5610, Bethesda, MD 20892-3015 UMIST, PO Box ,88 Manchester, M60 1QD, UNITED KINGDOM Nicholas M. Dean :3( 523) Functional Genomics, GeneTrove, GeneTrove (a division of Isis Isis Da-Qiao Ding :3( 171) Structural Biology Section Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), 2292 Faraday Avenue, and CREST Research Project, Kansai Advanced Carlsbad, CA 92008 Research Center, Communications Research Laboratory, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Anne Dell :4( 415) Department of Biological Kobe, 651-2492, JAPAN Sciences, Biochemistry Building, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, Biochemistry Gilles Divita :4( )31 Centre de Recherche en Building, London, SW7 ,YA2 UNITED KINGDOM Biochimie Macromol6culaire (UPR 1086), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 1919 Panos Deloukas :3( 463) The Wellcome Trust, Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex ,5 F-34293, Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, FRANCE UNITED KINGDOM Eric .P Dixon :1( 483) TriPath Oncology, 4025 Nicolas Demaurex :3( 163) Department of Cell Stirrup Creek Drive, Suite 400, Durham, NC 27703 Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva Medical Center, 1 Michel-Servet, Geneva, CH-1211, Bernhard Dobberstein :2( 215) Zentrum fur SWITZERLAND Molekulare Biologie, Universitat Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg, D-69120, Chris Denning :4( )54 Division of Animal GERMANY Physiology, School of Biosciences, Institute of Lynda J. Donald :4( 457) Department of Chemistry, Genetics Room C15, University of Nottingham, University of Manitoba, Room 135 Parker Building, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, CANADA UNITED KINGDOM Wolfgang R. G. Dostmann :2( 299) Department of Ami Deora :2( 241) Margaret M. Dyson Vision Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Health Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Science Research Facility 330, Burlington, VT Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 05405-0068 York Avenue, New York, NY 12001 Adam Douglass :3( 129) Department of Cellular Julien Depollier :4( )31 Centre de Recherche en and Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Biochimie Macromol6culaire (UPR 1086), Centre California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 1919 Medical Sciences Building, Room $1210, 315 Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex ,5 F-34293, Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0450 FRANCE Kate Downes :3( 463) Genotyping / Chr 20, The Channing J. Der :1( 345) Department of Wellcome Trust, Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, Chapel Hill, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer UNITED KINGDOM Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Harry W. Duckworth :4( 457) Department of Bart Devreese :4( 259) Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Room 135 Physiology and Microbiology, University of Ghent, Parker Building, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, K.L. Ledeganckstraat ,53 Ghent, B-9000, BELGIUM CANADA Alberto Diaspro :3( 201) Department of Physics, Derek M. Dykxhoorn :3( 511) CBR Institute for University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genoa, Biomedical Research, Harvard Medical School, 200 ,64161-1 ITALY Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 xxviii SROTUBIRTNOC Lars Dyrskjot :4( )38 Clinical Biochemical Patricio Fern~indez-Silva :2( )96 Dept of Department, Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Univeridad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet ,771 Brendstrupgaardvej, Aarhus N, DK-8200, Zaragoza, E-50013, SPAIN DENMARK Erika Fern~indez-Vizarra "2( )96 Dept of Christoph Eckerskorn :4( 157) Protein Analytics, Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellulary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Klopferspitz Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, ,771 ,81 Martinsried, D-82152, GERMANY Zaragoza, E-50013, SPAIN Glenn S. Edwards :3( )78 Department of Physics, Patrick .F Finn :4( 345) Department of Physiology, Duke University, 122 LEF Bldg, xoB 90305, Durham, Tufts University School of Medicine, 631 Harrison NC 5030-80772 Ave, Boston, MA 11120 Andreas .A O. Eggert :1( 103) Department of Kevin L. Firth :2( 329, :2 341) ASK Science Products Dermatology, Julius-Maximillians University, Inc., 784 Victoria ,tS Kingston, Ontario, L7K 3Z8, Josef-Schneider-Str. ,2 W6rzburg, 97080, CANADA GERMANY Raluca Fliikiger-Gagescu :2( )72 Unitec m Maria Ekstri~m :4( )36 Bioscience at Novum, Office of Technology Transfer, University of Geneva Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SE-141 ,75 and University of Geneva Hospitals, ,42 Rue SWEDEN G6n6ral-Dufour, Geneva ,4 CH-1211, SWITZERLAND Andreas Engel :3( 317) Maurice .E re116M Institute for Microscopy at the Biozentrum, University of Leonard .J Foster :4( 363, 427) Protein Interaction Basel, Klingelbergstrasse ,07 Basel, CH-4056, Laboratory, University of Southern Denmark, SWITZERLAND Odense, Campusvej ,55 Odense M, DK-5230, DENMARK Anne-Marie Engel :1( 353) Bartholin Institutte, Bartholinsgade ,2 Copenhagen ,K DK-1356, Dimitrios Fotiadis :3( 317) M.E. Miiller Institute DENMARK for Microscopy at the Biozentrum, University of Jos6 A. Enriquez :2( )96 Department of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse ,07 Basel, CH-4056, Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, SWITZERLAND Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet, ,771 Patrick .L .T M. Frederix "3( 317) M.E. re116M Zaragoza, E-50013, SPAIN Institute for Microscopy at the Biozentrum, Rachel Errington :1( 305) Department of Medical University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse ,07 Basel, Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Wales CH-4056, SWITZERLAND College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Marcus Frohme :4( 113) Functional Genome UNITED KINGDOM Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Deutsches Virginia Espina :3( 339) Microdissection Core Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Facility, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Heidelberg, D-69120, GERMANY Institute, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building ,01 Room Masanori Fujimoto :4( 197) Department of BIB53, Bethesda, MD 20892 Biochemistry and Biomolecular Recognition, H. Dariush Fahimi :2( )36 Department of Anatomy Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, ,1-1-1 and Cell Biology ,II University of Heidelberg, Im Minami-kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, ,5058-557 Neuenheimer Feld 307, Heidelberg, D-69120, JAPAN GERMANY Margarida Gama-Carvalho :2( 277) Faculty of Federico Federici :3( 201) Department of Physics, Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University University of Genoa, aiV Dodecaneso ,33 Genoa, of Lisbon, .VA Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, ,820-9461 ,64161-1 YLATI PORTUGAL Daniel L. Feeback :2( 233, :4 )5 Space and Life Henrik Garoff :1( 419, :4 )36 Unit for Cell Biology, Sciences Directorate, NASA-Johnson Space Center, Center for Biotechnology. Karolinska Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, XT 85077 Huddinge, SE-141 ,75 SWEDEN CONTRIBUTORS xxix Susan M. Gasser :2( 359) Friedrich Miescher Frank L. Graham :1( 435) Department of Biology, Institute fr Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse ,66 McMaster University, Life Sciences Building, Room Basel, CH-1211, SWITZERLAND 430, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, CANADA Kristine G. Gaustad :1( 207) Institute of Medical Claude Granier :1( 519) UMR 5160, Facult6 de Biochemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 2111 Pharmacie, 51 .vA Charles Flahault, Montpellier Blindern, Oslo, 0317, NORWAY Cedex ,5 BP 14491, 34093, FRANCE Benjamin Geiger :2( 419) Dept. of Molecular Cell Lloyd A. Greene :1( 171) Department of Pathology Biology, Weizman Institute of Science, Wolfson and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Building, Rm 617, Rehovot, 76100, ISRAEL Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 036 .W 168th Street, New York, NY Kris Gevaert :4( 379, :4 457) Dept. Medical Protein 23001 Research, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Susan M. Gribble :3( 403) Sanger Institute, The Sciences, Ghent University, Instituut Rommelaere m Wellcome Trust, The Wellcome Trust Genome Blok D, Albert Baertsoenkaai ,3 Gent, B-9000, Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UNITED BELGIUM KINGDOM Jilur Ghori :3( 463) Genotyping / Chr 20, The Gareth Griffiths :2( 57, :3 299) Department of Cell Wellcome Trust, Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Biology, EMBL, Postfach 102209, Heidelberg, D- Trust, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 69117, GERMANY 1SA, UNITED KINGDOM Sergio Grinstein :3( 163) Cell Biology Program, Alasdair J. Gibb :1( 395) Department of Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, CANADA Street, London, WCIE GBT, UNITED KINGDOM Pavel Gromov :1( 527, :4 ,96 165, 243, 289) Institute Mario Gimona :1( 557, :2 161, :4 145) Department of Cancer Biology and Danish Centre for of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Translational Breast Cancer Research, Danish Cancer Austrian Academy of Sciences, Billrothstrasse ,11 Society, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, DK- Salzburg, A-5020, AUSTRIA 2100, DENMARK David A. Glesne :1( 165) Biosciences Division, Irina Grornova :4( 219) Department of Medical Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Biochemistry and Danish Centre for Translational Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439-4844 Breast Cancer Research, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Martin Goldberg :3( 325) Science Laboratories, DENMARK University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UNITED KINGDOM Dale E Gruber :1( )33 Cell Culture Research and Development, GIBCO/Invitrogen Corporation, 3175 Kenneth N. Goldie :3( 267) Structural and Staley Road, Grand Island, NY 14072 Computational Biology Programme, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse ,1 Heidelberg, D-69117, Markus Grubinger :4( 145) Institute of Physics and GERMANY Biophysics, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg, A-5020, AUSTRIA Jon W. Gordon :3( 487) Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Jean Gruenberg :2( 27, 201) Department of One Gustave .L Levy Place, New York, NY Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30, quai 92001 Ernest Ansermet, Geneva ,4 CH-1211, SWITZERLAND Angelika Gi~rg :4( 175) Fachgebiet Proteomik, Technische Universit~it M~inchen, Am Forum ,2 Stephanie .L Gupton :3( 137) 10550 North Torrey Freising Weihenstephan, D-85350, GERMANY Pines Road, CB 163, La Jolla, CA 92037 Martin Gotthardt :4( 149) Department of Nuclear Cernal Gurkan :2( 209) Department of Cell and Medicine, Philipp's-University of Marburg, Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Baldingerstrat~e, Marburg/Lahn, D-35043, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA GERMANY 92037 XXX CONTRIBUTORS Martin Guttenberger :4( 131) Zentrum ri~f Frederic Heitz :4( )31 Centre de Recherche en Molekulariologie der Pflanzen, Universitat T/~bingen, Biochimie Macromol6culaire (UPR 1086), Centre Entwicklungsgenetik, Auf der Morgenstelle ,3 National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 1919 Tiibingen, D-72076, GERMANY Route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex ,5 F-34293, FRANCE Thomas Haaf :3( 409) Institute for Human Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universit~it Mainz, Johannes W. Hell :2( )58 Department of 55101, Mainz, D-55131, GERMANY Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 2152 Bowen Science Building, Iowa City, IA 52242 Christine M. Hager-Braun :1( 511) Health and Human Services, NIH National Institute of Kai Hell :4( 269) Adolf-Butenandt-Institut fur Environmental Health Sciences, MD F0-04, PO xoB Physiologische Chemie, Lehrstuhl: Physiologische 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Chemie, Universitat Munchen, Butenandtstr. 5, Geb~iude ,B Munchen, D-81377, GERMANY Anne-Marl H~kelien :1( 207) Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Robert R. Henry :1( 121) Veterans Affairs Medical University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Center, San Diego (V111G), 3350 La Jolla Village NORWAY Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 Fiona C. Flalliday :1( 395) GlaxoSmithKline, Johan Hiding :2( )54 G6teborg University, Institute Greenford, Middlesex, UB60HE, UNITED of Medical Biochemistry, PO Box 440, G6teborg, -ES KINGDOM 403-50, SWEDEN Gerald Hammond :2( 223) Molecular Yasushi Hiraoka :3( 171) Structural Biology Section Neuropathobiology Laboratory, Cancer Reasearch and CREST Research Project, Kansai Advanced UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Research Center, Communications Research Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UNITED KINGDOM Laboratory, 588-2 Iwaoka, Iwaoka-cho, Nishi-ku, Kobe, 651-2492, JAPAN Klaus Hansen :4( 253) Mary M. Hitt :1( 435) Department of Pathology & Hironobu I-Iarada :1( 367) Department of Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Neurosurgery, Ehime University School of Medicine, Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Shitsukawa, Toon-shi, Ehime, 791-0295, JAPAN CANADA Robert J. Hay :1( 43, 49, 573) Viitro Enterprises Julie Hodgkinson :3( 307) School of Incorporated, 1113 Marsh Road, PO xoB 328, Crystallography, Birkbeck College, Unversity of Bealeton, AV 22712 London, Malet Street, London, WCIE 7HX, UNITED KINGDOM Izumi Hayashi :1( 151) National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute, Division of Klaus .P Hoeflich :2( 307) Division of Molecular Neurosciences, City of Hope, 1500 .E Duarte Rd, and Structural Biology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Duarte, CA 91010-3000 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 016 University Avenue, 7-707A, Toronto, Timothy A. Haystead :4( 265) Department of Ontario, M5G 2M9, CANADA Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, xoB 3813 Med Ctr, Durham, NC Tracy .L Hoffman :1( )12 ATCC, P.O. xoB 1549, 27710 Manassas, AV 20108 Rebecca I-Ieald :2( 379) Molecular and Cell Biology gr~iJ D. Hoheisel :4( 113) Functional Genome Department, University of California, Berkeley, Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Deutsches Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg, D-69120, GERMANY Florence Hediger :2( 359) Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, ,03 Quai Ernest Thomas Hollemann :1( 191) Institute for Ansermet, Geneva, CH-1211, SWITZERLAND Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Goettingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg ,11 G6ttingen, Rainer Heintzmann :3( )92 Randall Division of Cell D-37077, GERMANY and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, 1ES 1UL, UNITED Caterina I-Iolz :4( )75 PSF biotech AG, Huebnerweg KINGDOM ,6 Berlin, D-14059, GERMANY