J E F F R E Y S | A L EDITED BY L A ELAINE JEFFREYS AND PAUL ALLATSON T S O EDITED BY N ELAINE JEFFREYS AND PAUL ALLATSON CELEBRITY CELEBRITY PHILANTHROPY PHILANTHROPY C E L E There is no question that celebrities these days are some of B the most prominent faces of philanthropic activity – yet their R participation raises questions about efficacy, motivations, and I activism overall. This book presents case studies of celebrity T philanthropy from around the globe – including such figures Y as Shakira, Arundhati Roy, Zhang Ziyi, Bono, and Madonna – P looking at the tensions between celebrity activism and ground- H level work and the relationship between celebrity philanthropy and cultural citizenship. I L A Elaine Jeffreys is an Australian Research Council Future Fellow N and associate professor in the Faculty of Arts and Social T Sciences at the University of Technology Sydney, where Paul H Allatson is also associate professor. R O P Y intellect | www.intellectbooks.com Celebrity Philanthropy 04823_FM_pi-xiii.indd 1 6/2/15 8:25:56 AM 04823_FM_pi-xiii.indd 2 6/2/15 8:25:56 AM Celebrity Philanthropy Edited by Elaine Jeffreys and Paul Allatson intellect Bristol, UK / Chicago, USA 04823_FM_pi-xiii.indd 3 6/2/15 8:25:56 AM First published in the UK in 2015 by Intellect, The Mill, Parnall Road, Fishponds, Bristol, BS16 3JG, UK First published in the USA in 2015 by Intellect, The University of Chicago Press, 1427 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA Copyright © 2015 Intellect Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Series: Part of the Studies on Popular Culture series Series editors: Bruce Johnson and Hannu Salmi Series ISSN: 2041-6725 Electronic ISSN: 2042-8227 Cover designer: Holly Rose Copy-editor: MPS Technologies Production manager: Amy Rollason Typesetting: Contentra Technologies Print ISBN: 978-1-78320-482-3 ePDF ISBN: 978-1-78320-483-0 ePUB ISBN: 978-1-78320-484-7 Printed and bound by Gomer Press Ltd. 04823_FM_pi-xiii.indd 4 6/4/15 2:06:10 PM Contents Series Editors’ Preface vii Notes on Contributors ix Acknowledgements xiii Chapter 1: Celebrity Philanthropy: An Introduction 1 Elaine Jeffreys and Paul Allatson Part 1: Rethinking Celebrity Philanthropy 17 Chapter 2: On Celebrity Philanthropy 19 Elaine Jeffreys Chapter 3: Philanthropy, Celebrity and Incoherence 41 Jonathan Paul Marshall Part 2: Branding and Development 59 Chapter 4: T yra Banks’ Celebrity Philanthropy: Top Model, TZONE 61 and the Communication of Female Empowerment Dara Persis Murray Chapter 5: Celebrating Development Through Sport: Right to Play 83 and Basketball Without Borders Rob Millington Chapter 6: W orld Relations and Development Issues: Framing Celebrity 105 Philanthropy Documentaries Hilde Van den Bulck, Nathalie Claessens and Koen Panis Chapter 7: Raising Africa? Celebrity and the Rhetoric of the White Saviour 125 Katherine M. Bell 04823_FM_pi-xiii.indd 5 6/2/15 8:25:56 AM Celebrity Philanthropy Part 3: India, China and the Americas 149 Chapter 8: Arundhati Roy versus the State of India: The Politics 151 of Celebrity Philanthropy Devleena Ghosh Chapter 9: Celebrity Philanthropy in China and the Zhang Ziyi Scandal 171 Elaine Jeffreys Chapter 10: Shakira, Ricky Martin and Celanthropic Latinidad in the Americas 191 Paul Allatson Chapter 11: Afterword 211 Paul Allatson and Elaine Jeffreys Index 219 vi 04823_FM_pi-xiii.indd 6 6/2/15 8:25:56 AM Studies on Popular Culture Series Editors’ Preface In academic institutions, there is increasing interest in the meaning and place of ‘the popular’ in the definition of modernity and postmodernity. In particular, in the twenty-first century, it is through popular culture in its various forms that the tensions between the local and the global are acted out most immediately, not only through the content of popular cultural forms, but also in their means of production, distribution and reappropriation through consumption. Indeed, a study of the evolution of the term ‘popular’ is an essential analytical key to the understanding of the various confrontations – class, race, gender and place – that define contemporary power relations. The study of popular culture helps us to understand the contradictions in the contemporary sensibility. It gives us a more direct understanding of how we invent ourselves, how we imagine the possibilities of the world we live in, its ethical and moral dimensions and specific social practices. The International Institute for Popular Culture (IIPC) is a multidisciplinary research unit, concerned not only with issues in contemporary popular culture but also in its history and transformations. The Institute places special emphasis on the questions of popular culture as heritage and the social role of popular culture. The Institute was developed during 2005 at the Department of Cultural History, University of Turku, Finland, and was formally inaugurated in 2006 with an international conference under the title The History of Stardom Reconsidered. Apart from continuing regular conference activity, the Institute maintains a refereed online publication series for monographs and conference proceedings (http:// iipcblog.wordpress.com/publications/) and presents its monthly IIPC Debates featuring international speakers, available online at http://iipcblog.wordpress.com/iipc-debates/. IIPC facilitates international scholarly collaborations, offers its own doctoral programmes, and fosters engagements with private sector stakeholders in the culture industries. The series Studies on Popular Culture is a collaboration between IIPC and Intellect, presenting contributions to a critical understanding of popular culture and its history in all its forms. The series is particularly open to comparative and international approaches, and it places special emphasis on the transdisciplinary nature of popular culture studies. Its objective is to present leading research in the field, with a particular emphasis on work in and from what may be thought of as ‘off-centre’ research areas. 04823_FM_pi-xiii.indd 7 6/2/15 8:25:56 AM Celebrity Philanthropy Bruce Johnson and Hannu Salmi, Series Editors Contact: International Institute for Popular Culture, Department of Cultural History, University of Turku, Kaivokatu 12, F-20014 Turku, Finland http://iipc.utu.fi viii 04823_FM_pi-xiii.indd 8 6/2/15 8:25:56 AM Notes on Contributors Paul Allatson is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney. Paul has published widely in the areas of Latino and transamerican cultural studies, and cultural, post-colonial and sexuality studies more broadly. His publications include: Key Terms in Latino/a Cultural and Literary Studies (2007 Blackwell), Latino Dreams: Transcultural Traffic and the U.S. National Imaginary (2002 Rodopi), and the co-edited Exile Cultures, Misplaced Identities (2008 Rodopi). Katherine M. Bell is an Assistant Professor of Communication at California State University, East Bay. She worked as a journalist for more than 20 years. Her research explores celebrity as a form of cultural authority, and of identity construction in digital life and consumer culture. Recent publications include: ‘Affective expertise: The journalistic ethics of celebrity sourcing’, in S.J.A. Ward (ed.) Global Media Ethics: Problems and Perspectives (2013 Wiley-Blackwell), pp. 214–34; and (2011) ‘“A delicious way to help save lives”: Race, commodification and celebrity in Product (RED)’, Journal of International and Intercultural Communication (2011, 4, 3: 163–80). Hilde Van den Bulck is Full Professor of Communication Studies and head of the Media, Policy and Culture research group, University of Antwerp (Belgium). She has published extensively on celebrities’ role in mediated social and ethical discussion. Recent publications include: journal articles in Celebrity Studies (2013, 4, 1: 46–57), Critical Studies in Media Communication (2013, 30, 1: 69–84) and Javnost – The Public (2012, 19, 3: 75–92); and book chapters in K. Howley (ed.) Media Interventions (2013 Peter Lang); and R. Clarke (ed.) Celebrity Colonialism: Fame, Representation, and Power in Colonial and Post-Colonial Cultures (2009 Cambridge Scholars Publishing). Nathalie Claessens is guest professor at the Media, Policy and Culture research group, University of Antwerp (Belgium). In 2013, Nathalie completed her Ph.D. focusing on the relationship between celebrities, media and audiences. Recent publications include: journal articles in Journalism (2014, 15, 2: 218–36), Celebrity Studies (2013, 4, 1: 46–57), Critical Studies in Media Communication (2013, 30, 1: 69–84) and Northern Lights (2013, 11, 1: 35–50); and book chapters in L. Harrington, D. Bielby and A. Bardo (eds) Aging, Media, Culture (2014 Lexington Books); and K. Howley (ed.) Media Interventions (2013 Peter Lang). 04823_FM_pi-xiii.indd 9 6/2/15 8:25:56 AM