Cecil County Mills ADDISON MILL (6) The J. S. Addison grist and saw mill was shown in the 1877 atlas on Stone Run near confluence with Octoraro Creek. It was owned by William M. Addison (b. 1854) and later by Atkinson Brothers (Perkins ms., p. 16). AGWAY, INC. (6) Agway, Inc., was a commercial mill on the Penn-Central (now Amtrak) Railroad and Md. 276 at Rising Run, across the tracks from McCoy Mill [1976]. AIKEN FEED MILL (3) A feed mill was installed in the Aiken Warehouse at Elkton by E. Wilmer Jackson about 1904. ALEXANDER FULLING MILL (4) David Alexander, a settler in the area of New Munster before 1714, had a fulling and carding mill on the Shure Run or Fulling Mill Run, now called Grannies Branch. There were two mills on that run per HCC, p. 134. See that page for Johnston’s poetic description of the sure and unfailing stream. Also, Perkins ms., p. 6. It was called Holts Fulling Mill in Cecil Whig, October 18, 1845. ALEXANDERS MILL (4) Alexander’s Mill was shown on the Dennis Griffith 1794-1795 map on the east bank of Big Elk Creek, 7 milles north of Elkton. The site was just north of the present Md. 273 on a section of highway now by-passed, just east of Red Ball Tavern and fenced inside a large DuPont estate [1976]. Later the site of Garretts-Sentenan textile factory. In “New Munster,” in MHM, 35:147 (1940), Carl Ross McKenrick stated that “on Big Elk . . . near Appleton Cross Roads . . . there stood until recently the stone walls of a very large mill building.” Location was 7-C-5 in the ADC Street Atlas. Now inside the Fair Hill Natural Resource Management Area. ALEXANDERS MILL (5) See Matthews Mill (at North East). ALLEN AND PEARSON WOOLEN MILL ( ) 1 This works was listed at Bay View in 1861, Bishop, HAM, 3:556. ALLENDER MILL (3) Garrett A. Allender and his brother James Lawrence Allender came from Harford County in 1915 and took over Ricketts Mill at the dead end of Walnut Lane, Elkton. In 1923, they purchased the Smith-Davis-Vinsinger Mill and took over the contract to pump city water; surplus water could be used for milling, but the town needed all the water, and the partnership was dissolved and G. A. Allender closed both mills and set up a feed mill on the Pennsylvania Railroad in the former warehouse of Powers Foundry. Later he took over the foundry itself (1939) and retailed seed, feed, and fertilizer, serving as Elkton’s only miller by 1956, Cecil County Directory, p. 270. ANDERSON MILL ( ) Nathan Anderson, miller, was mentioned in a deed to John Wilson (1816) (Cecil County deeds, JS 12:28). ANDERSON MILL (6) Norman H. Anderson was proprietor of this red wooden feed mill on the railroad siding in Colora, supplying Red Rose Feeds [1968]. Later, the railroad was taken up and the mill closed; in 1988, it was being repaired. ARMSTRONG, SQUIRES MILL ( ) “Armstrong, Squires, & Co., North East, Md., have recently had their mill remodeled by Griscom & Co. & McFeely, Philadelphia, Pa., and speak very highly of the improvement on the same. Their product comes in much more salable condition as well as having the capacity increased,” American Miller, 17 (November 1, 1889): 779. ARMSTRONG STOVE CO. (7) This iron casting works was operating at Port Deposit and Perryville, ca. 1861. The Bel Air Aegis, May 11, 1866, mentioned the works as making Emerald cook stoves and agricultural implements. The Bradstreet Directory of 1867 listed Armstrong & Co., stoves and tin ware, with a CC credit rating. The company’s papers are on file in the Historical Society of Cecil County, Elkton. A photo of shop workers appeared in Warren & Warren, Maryland Time Exposures (Baltimore, 1984), p. 74, It was a three-story, gable-roofed building with at Perryville per Esther R. Perkins and Nancy C. Sawin in Backroading thru Cecil County, p. 3 [with line drawing], where Ms. Perkins stated, “Armstrong Foundry. How often one hears, ‘You could use an Armstrong heater.’ The mill once housed that industry. It is now occupied at one 2 time by the Susquehanna Post 135, American Legion [1976].” The American Legion later built a new headquarters. The Port Deposit Stove Works (Site) was assigned MHT Inventory No. CE-298. Location was 8-J-7 in the ADC Street Atlas. ASKEW BARK MILL (9) D. B. Trimble advertised a “mill for grinding bark” on Christiana Road .5 mille west of Brick Meeting House, Cecil Whig, August 12, 1848. A tan bark mill on Big North East Creek, just north of Md. 273 and just downstream of a fulling mill, was listed in the Perkins ms., p. 113. ASKEW TANNERY (9) David B. Trimble and Edward Askew, Executors, advertised in the Cecil Whig, January 15, 1848, to sell 40 acres of the late Peter Askew, a “Tan Yard with a two storied brick tan-house; the yard containing 60 lay-away vats; seven leeches; eight handlers, (under cover) with the usual number of limes, soaks, bates, &c, &c . . . contiguous to the lands of the Brick Meeting House . . . on the public road leading to Wilmington; within a few yards of the road leading from Philadelphia to Baltimore . . . .” ATKINSON WOOLEN MILLS (5) See North East Woolen Mills. ATLAS POWDER COMPANY (7) The Bel Air Aegis, November 13, 1975, reported that an old badge was found at Perry Point reading “Agent United States Government, Perryville Plant” and stated, “This is a relic of a short period in 1919. According to a history book in the Cecil County Library, this plant was built in six months, and was used to produce ammonium nitrate for use in high explosives during World War I. Three months after the completion of the plant, the Armistice was signed. In 1919, the site was turned over to the U. S. Public Health Service for a Hospital.” BACK CREEK MILLS (2) Back Creek was in the lower part of the county, and Augustine Herrman’s map of 1673 showed a mill on his manor near Back Creek. A more recent mill (perhaps that of Howell James, q. v.) was purchased by W. H. Freeman along with Back Creek Farm (120 acres), July 7, 1847. The mill was equipped with two water wheels and had grist, plaster, and clover mills under one roof. The estate rented for $1100 and sold for $9400 (Partridge Papers, MHS Special Collections, Ms. 642). The Lake family were once millers at this works near Pivot Bridge. [Principio Creek was also called Back Creek at one time but was in Election District 7, the name no longer used there.] 3 The Baltimore Sun, August 15, 1870, reported that a storm washed out the dams of Back Creek and Bohemia Mills. Joseph Salmon. Merchant miller and native of Delaware, was a patron of the 1877 county atlas, which showed the location as close to the State line on Back Creek between Warwick and Pivot Bridge. About 1910, William Salmon became owner (Perkins Ms., p. 2). Back Creek, listed as a village on the Delaware line, 3.5 milles east of Chesapeake City (GZMD, 1941), has disappeared in widening the C. & D. Canal. The mill was mentioned in the boundaries of the Sodom tract, HCC, p. 332. [Principio Creek was also called Back Creek, about 1722, HCC, p. 234.] BAKER MILL (5) Nathan Baker took out a writ of ad quod damnum on a branch of North East River near its head, June 11, 1722. The land belonged to the Lord Proprietor and was valued at 15/6; it began near the country road to Susquehanna Ferry (Chancery Records, Liber 3:718, MSA). Oddly enough, Baker had sold the mill and mill site to the Principio two months before. Nathan Baker appeared as a customer of North East Forge on February 4, 1756, when that company provided “Smith’s Work to the Bolting Mill Gears” (Principio Papers, N. E. Forge daybook, Delaware Historical Society, Wilmington, 1978). See also, Principio Grist Mill in this chapter. BALDWIN AND COMPANY (3) See Elk Mills. BALDWIN SAWMILL (4) The 1877 county atlas showed Baldwin Sawmill on Big Elk upstream of Elk Mills. BARK MILL (9) See Askew Bark Mill. BARNETT MILL (5) See Scarborough Mill. BARNITE SAWMILL (4) The 1880 census of manufactures listed William Barnite with $4000 capital investment in a sawmill on Big Elk with 2 employees, 1 circular and 1 Muley saw. A 12-foot fall drove a 20 hp overshot wheel 12 ft broad to cut 75,000 ft ($1500) annually. 4 BARRETT PAPER CORP. LTD. OF MD. (3) A successor of Marley Mill, q. v. BEAZLEY TANNERY (5) Vats for 360 hides were advertised at the late Edward Beazley’s tannery at Charles Town. BEE HIVE AND COOPER SHOP (4) Three stone houses and a ruin survive on the north side of Md. 273 (Telegraph Road) west of Rock Presbyterian Church (1998). The MHT called it “Coopers Mill” in 1998. An historical sign reads, “The Beehive.” There was also a poster reading “Elk Creeks Preservation Society” (observed October 14, 1999). This cluster was also called “the Beehive” in Pamela James Blumgart, At the Head of the Bay (1996), p. 208, where it was described as a “cooper shop,” MHT Site No. CE-72. The end house surviving in 1999 was Michael Wallach’s Store (p. 352)). These buildings were said to date from the 18th century. The 1858 county map by Martenet showed John Gallagher’s store. Not related to Rockville Paper Mill. There was a mystery pond upstream. BELL MILL (3) Bell Mill was a place name of 1882, served by Elkton post office, Industries of Md., p. 60. BELLE MILLS (7) Belle Mills was a place name of 1882 near Port Deposit, Industries of Md., p. 60. Belle Mills was also listed in Polk’s 1908 peninsula directory but got its mail via Port Deposit. Still listed in 1941 in GZMD. BENNETT MILL (5) See Dutton Mill. BIBB IRON FOUNDRY (7) The 1880 census of manufactures listed B. C. Bibb, Jr., with $16,100 capital investment in an iron foundry at Port Deposit, with 38 employees, 30 hp steam engine, and $57,600 production. The office was in Baltimore. Also, CCM, p. 26. BLACKBURN IRON WORKS (6) 5 The 1850 census of manufactures listed Manassah Blackburn as iron manufacturer with $18,000 capital investment, $583 monthly payroll, and water-powered production converting 500 tons of pig iron ($14,000 cost) into 100 tons bar iron and 300 tons of blooms worth $27,000 annually. BOHEMIA MILLS (2) A deed made in 1715 mentioned the “great road that leadeth to Bohemia Landing or Mill” (Cecil County deeds, JH 2:328, MSA). Bohemia Mills, distinct from Priest’s Mill, was on Sandy Branch Road (Md. 366) at Great Bohemia Creek near the Delaware line. The mill dated to 1678 per G. Harry Davidson. William Rumsey took out a writ of ad quod damnum on the “East Branch of Bohemia River called the Landing Branch being the middlemost of the three Branches of said river or near Bohemia Landing dividing,” October 31, 1738. The inquisition was taken at the Pipe Spring near the head of Bohemia River. Total damages were 45 Shillings awarded to John Thompson, Jr., Dr. Hugh Matthews, and William Rumsey, son of Charles. The parcels thus condemned were parts of the tracts: Adjonction, Manuaring Hall, and Heaths Third Parcel, respectively. The jury found the site “principally sandy light soil” and there were a number of panels of old fencing (Chancery Records, Liber 6:9, MSA). William Rumsey bequeathed “Mill Pond” and a mill to son Charles in 1747; he also had a “new mill” on Hicks Creek (Election District 1), which he left to his wife, HCC, p. 509. James Rumsey (1743-1792) was born here, and in 1782 operated a mill at Sleepy Creek, Virginia, in partnership with a friend; the business lasted less than a year because Rumsey was absorbed in his inventions (DAB, 16:223). In December 1787, Rumsey successfully ran a boat by steam power at Shepherdstown, West Virginia, An eye-witness letter in the Baltimore Md. Journal, February 8, 1788, noted that Rumsey had invented methods for more efficient use of water in mills and had improved the Savery steam engine for pumping water to fill mill wheels. “Murphy’s Mills” near the C. & O. Canal was mentioned in the Cecil Whig, September 21, 1851, p. 2. Bohemia Mills post office was established 1854. It was also called Bunker Hill Mill. The 1877 county atlas showed it as the T. C. Murphy gristmill, Thomas Murphy’s per the 1867 Hawes Business Directory. Murphy was also the postmaster. The Cecil Whig, May 26, 1855, reported, “The mill dam of Mr. Thomas Murphy at Bohemia Mills washed out although there was no rain.” The Baltimore Sun, August 15, 1870, reported that a storm washed out the dams of both Back Creek and Bohemia Mills. The Lake familly succeeded Murphy, and shortly after that, it was bought by a Mr. Davidson. The mill then burned. See also, G. Harry Davidson, “History of Head of Bohemia, Rumsey’s Mill and the Early Custom’s House,” January 17, 1939, in MHS 6 General Clipping file, s. v., “Cecil County.” The pond survives [1976], but the new building is not a mill. Location was 22-K-8 in the ADC Street Atlas. BOOTH MILL (3) Jonathan Booth, Gentleman, took out a writ of ad quod damnum on the Little Elk, September 14, 1758. The inquisition taken at his house found damages to him of 15 Shillings, and the same amount to Robert Evans, 7/6 to Zebulon Hollingsworth, and £ 1-2/6 to Adam Dawson, all yearly rents. The tract was part of Friendship “where Both intends to build a grist mill” (Chancery Records, Liber 9:40, MSA). The Red Mill existed ca. 1776 on Little Elk when the apprentice, Thomas C. Crouch, quit to become a bugler in the army, HCC, p. 516. The “Little Red Mill” was mentioned as on the post road ca. 1780 in CCM, p. 52, where it was described as a Hollingsworth Mill. In 1776, Henry Hollingsworth had taken out a warrant of resurvey which was issued in 1782 as a patent of the tract “Hollingsworth and Booth” to him and Ebenezer Booth (Patents, Liber BC & GS 50:278, MSA). Colonel Henry Hollingsworth was having great difficulty procuring acceptable flour for the army and he reported to Governor Lee on August 11, 1791, that he was bolting and grinding flour in his own mill in hopes of passing inspection (Arch. Md., 47:410, 244). In 1786, Hollingsworth sold his half of the “Mills Water Mills Merchant Mills Saw Mills” to Ebenezer Booth, Miller (Cecil County deeds, 16:58, MSA). The next year, Jonathan Booth, Miller, bought land and water rights from Adam Dobson and made an agreement with Zebulon Hollingsworth, owner of the next mill upstream, to share the water of Little Elk (Cecil County deeds 16:188-191, MSA). The 1789 map by Christopher Colles (Plate 55) and the Dennis Griffith State map of 1794- 1785 showed the mill west of Elkton, north side of the post road, east bank of the eastern fork of Little Elk. John Booth’s Merchant Mill was advertised with an 18 foot fall by trustee, James Sewell, in the Baltimore American of July 13, 1818. The 1820 census of manufactures listed Abraham Bennett mill on Little Elk within 1 mille of Elkton. The works had 2 pair of 4-foot, 6-inch stones, 3 bolting reels, packing press, elevators, and hopperboy, and was in bad repair. Consumption was 7000 bu wheat, 1000 bu corn; there was one employee. The Cecil Whig listed Purnell’s as the lowest mill on “Little Elk” with 7 ft of fall (October 25, 1845). The 1850 census of manufactures listed Greenbury Purnell with $3000 investment in a water mill, 1 employee, 2 run of stones, and annual output of 720 bbl flour, 5000 bu meal, 1000 bu feed, and 500 bu buckwheat ($7150). Purnell received title to the mill in 1852, following a suit against him filed by Washington Hall, Jr. (Cecil County deeds, HHM 1:260). In 1858, Purnell’s widow conveyed the land and mills to Henry H. Stites (Cecil County deeds, HHM 9:388); that same year the Martenet county map showed General H. S. Stites gristmill on the east bank of Little Elk, north side of the main road [the present US 40]. That map also showed the General’s 7 warehouse on the railroad at Elkton south of the passenger station between Bridge and Bow Streets. The mill passed to Mary A. Cameron, daughter of the General, and she was listed in the 1877 atlas as farmer and miller, born in 1836. The 1880 census of manufactures showed Clarence Cameron with $7500 capital investment in the mill and an annual product up at $18,240, including 1800 bbl flour. Now with 3 run of stones, the mill had 100 bu/diem maximum capacity and did 75% custom business. A 10-foot fall drove 25 and 26-inch turbines at 140 rpm to develop 22 hp. A railroad accident at Stiles [sic] Mill Crossing a mille south of Elkton was mentioned in the Baltimore American, June 6, 1881. The 1887 State business directory listed C. Cameron and Brother as millers. Mrs. Cameron died in 1907. The next owner or operator was Dominick McElwee. The American Miller, 9 (August 1, 1881): 326, reported, “Mr. D. McElwee of 819 Washington Avenue, Philadelphia, has purchased a Rechard Turbine Water Wheel made by Geo. F. Baugher of York, Pa., which he will put in his large mill at Elkton, Md.” The same journal of December 1, 1894 (22:910), reported, “The Red Flour Mill at Elkton, Md., owned by Dominick McEkwee, has been improved by much new machinery and a new steam power plant.” The same journal reported January 1, 1895 (23:72) that McElwee was “building . . . addition to his mill at Elkton.” Both mill and miller’s dwelling burned about 1920. Location was 12-K-9 in the ADC Street Atlas. BOSLEY MILL (7) Edward Wilson and John Trimble advertised this new stone mill as 4 stories, 66 ft front by 53 ft deep, with four pair of French burrs of 6-foot diameter. “All pit and small wheels except one are of iron . . . water guaranteed by canal company . . . Aaron Wilson residing at mill will show premises,” Baltimore Federal Gazette, April 8, 1817. The works was mentioned in a clipping found in the Partridge scrap book, “For Sale, July 10, 1845—mill seat near Port Deposit near the Tidewater Locks . . . on the East side of the Susquehanna Canal . . . Mill Seat Lot No. 4, whereon a Saw Mill is erected . . . (the quantity of water which was found to be required by the mill erected on these lots by the late James Bosley, Esq., which was afterwards destroyed by fire, was about 1140 inches delivered under a head of 3 feet 1-1/2 inches, the head and fall, from the surface of the Canal to the termination of the tail race at the River, being about 24 feet) – Charles Nicholas – trustee.” The Bosley Mill also had an 80-foot long barrel house. This advertisement masks the history of Bosley’s disaster. The mill had been built by Edward Wilson of Philadelphia, Wilson bought the land for $6000 from the canal company with water rights sufficient to run six pairs of millstones of 6-foot diameter to be driven by water wheels of not less than 15-foot diameter. The water turned out to be insufficient, and after Bosley acquired the mill he entered into a dispute with the canal company. The company advertised in the Baltimore papers that they intended to grant only that quantity of water agreed upon in the deed. Mr. 8 Bosley turned on the water in defiance and ran the mill at such speed that it took fire from the friction and was destroyed, HCC, p. 394. A full column advertisement for the Bosley Mill site with its burned mill appeared in the Baltimore American, July 2, 1845. Years later, another advertisement offered the Bosley Mill Seat or Burnt Mill, Port Deposit, at the terminus of the old Maryland Canal, Baltimore American, May 30, 1856. Location was 8-H-7 in the ADC Street Atlas. BREWSTERS MILLS (4) The 1858 county map showed this works downstream of the present Brewster Bridge Road, west side. The 1877 county atlas showed Brewsters Mills at Elk Mills on Big Elk Creek near Montgomery. John Brewster advertised as manufacturer of cotton yarn, cotton lap, flax, and counterpanes. The Baltimore American, October 8, 1877, reported “flood damage at Mr. Brewster’s cotton factory.” The 1880 census of manufactures showed a capital investment of $34,000, listing 30 employees, 14 of them children; a 60 hp steam engine and a 48 hp turbine 48 inches broad driven at 80 rpm by an 11-foot fall on Big Elk powered an annual production of $40,000. The mill was closed in the 1880s. The bell was preserved at the Historical Society of Cecil County. The Cecil Whig, March 22, 1972, reported, “Bulldozers Soon to End Long Life of Historic Brewster’s Mill,” on Big Elk Creek at Elk Mills. The article contained photographs by Larry Powell of the “last remaining structure of Baldwin Manufacturing Mills. “The small, stone row houses that lined Elk Mills Road for almost as long have been laid to rubble by bulldozers. Brewsters Mill is due to fall next.” See also the neighboring Elk Mills. Location was 7-C-11 in the ADC Street Atlas. BRICKLEY MILL (6) Same as Jacksons Mill. BRITTAIN MILL ( ) The Brittain Mill was purchased in December 1832 by Jethro McCullough and was upstream of Joseph R. Brown mill (Partridge Papers, MHS Special Collections, Ms. No. 642). The stream was not identified. BROOKINGS AND CHRISTY PAPER MILL (4) Same as Rockville Paper Mill, BROWN MILL ( ) 9 Joseph R. Brown’s Mill was downstream of the Brittain Mill and was purchased in December 1832 by Jethro McCullough (Patridge Papers, MHS Special Collections, Ms. No. 642). BROWN MILL (4) The 1880 census of manufactures listed Earnest Brown with $8000 capital investment in a custom mill on Little Elk with 2 employees, 3 run of stones, 100 bu/diem maximum. A 22-foot fall drove two 24 hp, 2.5-foot Vernon wheels at 200 rpm. Annual output was 1444 bbl flour, 199 tons meal, and 57.5 tons feed ($13,000). BROWN MILL (MATTHEWS) (9) In 1829, John Williamson mortgaged this mill on North East Creek to Nathaniel Wiley, who foreclosed in 1832. Thomas C. Ewing bought it and in 1838 sold to John A. Brown (Cecil County deeds, JB 41:195). The Cecil Whig listed John Allen Brown’s Mill on Big North East as a grist and clover mill, November 1, 1845. Brown sold in 1849 to John and Charles Matthews (Cecil County deeds, RCH 1:347) and in 1853, Charles Matthews became sole owner (Cecil County deeds, HHM 1:583). Martenet’s 1858 county map showed Charles Matthews mill at the present Kirks Mill Road (Detour Road) and the Hawes Business Directory of 1867 listed him with a grist and saw mill at Bay View. The 1867 Bradstreet Directory listed Charles Matthews with a mill at Zion with an AABB credit rating. The 1877 atlas showed the W. R. Matthews mill. Matthews was also an atlas patron, a native of Bucks County, having settled in Cecil in 1850. The Baltimore County Union, Towsontown, April 14, 1877, reported the burning of the grist and flour mill of W. L. Matthews on Big North East Creek, Cecil County. The 1880 census of manufactures listed William K. Matthews with $3000 capital investment in a water mill with 2 employees, 2 run of stones, 70 bu diem/maximum capacity, doing 87% custom business. A 9.5-foot fall on North East drove a 10 hp, 27-inch Eclipse wheel at 90 rpm. Annual output was 2000 bbl flour, 320,000 lb meal, 150,000 lb feed, and 25,000 lb buckwheat ($23,350). The mill is extinct. See also Kirk’s Mill (in Election District 9). BROWNS MILL (TRIMBLES) (9) Deeds show that the first owners were William Cole, Sr., followed by Jeremiah Brown, who was the miller in 1734. Jeremiah Brown was a Quaker from Chester County, Pa., and had come to Maryland in 1702 with his parents when they purchased 2500 acres from William Penn. The next owner was Jeremiah Brown, Jr. In 1779, the mill passed to Brown’s son-in-law, John Lewden, and Rachel; Brown Lewden; next to Joseph Haines, acting for Joseph Reynolds. In 1800, John Phillips became owner; then James Janney, Leven Gale, and in 1833, Eli and Morris 10