CCNA Routing and Switching 200-125 Exam Cram Anthony Sequeira, CCIE No. 15626 Pearson 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA CCNA Routing and Switching 200-125 Exam Cram Editor-in-Chief Copyright © 2017 by Pearson Education, Inc. Mark Taub All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a Product Line retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, Manager photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the Brett Bartow information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken Development in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no Editor responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for Christopher A. damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. 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Contents at a Glance Introduction xviii Part I: Network Fundamentals 1 CHAPTER 1 Network Fundamentals: Models and Designs 3 CHAPTER 2 Network Fundamentals: IPv4 37 CHAPTER 3 Network Fundamentals: IPv6 57 Part II: LAN Switching Technologies 77 CHAPTER 4 LAN Switching Technologies: Switching Concepts 79 CHAPTER 5 LAN Switching Technologies: VLANs, Trunks, and STP 97 CHAPTER 6 LAN Switching Technologies: EtherChannel and Switch Stacking 129 Part III: Routing Technologies 143 CHAPTER 7 Routing Technologies: Routing Concepts 145 CHAPTER 8 Routing Technologies: Inter-VLAN Routing 159 CHAPTER 9 Routing Technologies: Routing Methods 175 CHAPTER 10 Routing Technologies: Static Routing and Dynamic Routing 187 Part IV: WAN Technologies 225 CHAPTER 11 WAN Technologies: WAN Options 227 CHAPTER 12 WAN Technologies: eBGP 245 CHAPTER 13 WAN Technologies: QoS 255 Part V: Infrastructure Services 263 CHAPTER 14 Infrastructure Services: DNS, DHCP, NTP, HSRP 265 CHAPTER 15 Infrastructure Services: NAT 299 iv CCNA Routing and Switching 200-125 Exam Cram Part VI: Infrastructure Security 313 CHAPTER 16 Infrastructure Security: Access Layer Security, AAA 315 CHAPTER 17 Infrastructure Security: ACLs 329 CHAPTER 18 Infrastructure Security: Device Hardening 347 Part VII: Infrastructure Management 363 CHAPTER 19 Infrastructure Management: SNMP, Syslog, IP SLA 365 CHAPTER 20 Infrastructure Management: Device Management 377 CHAPTER 21 Infrastructure Management: Initial Device Configuration 387 CHAPTER 22 Infrastructure Management: Device Maintenance 399 CHAPTER 23 Infrastructure Management: IOS Troubleshooting Tools 409 CHAPTER 24 Infrastructure Management: Network Programmability 431 Part VIII: C ommand Reference, Practice Exams, and Glossary 439 Command Reference 441 Practice Exam 1 453 Answer Key to Practice Exam 1 469 Practice Exam 2 477 Answer Key to Practice Exam 2 503 Glossary 511 Index 531 Contents Introduction ................. . .. . .. ... ... . ..... . .... . ... xviii Part I: Network Fundamentals 1 CHAPTER 1: Network Fundamentals: Models and Designs .. .. ... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. 3 Topic: Compare and contrast OSI and TCP/IP models . .. .. .. ... .. . 5 Topic: Compare and contrast TCP and UDP protocols . .. .. ... .. . 11 Topic: Describe the impact of infrastructure components in an enterprise network ..... .. ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... .. . 15 Topic: Describe the effects of cloud resources on enterprise network architecture ............ ... . .. . .. . .. . .. ... .. .... . .... 18 Topic: Compare and contrast collapsed core and three-tier architectures ............. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. ... .. .... . 22 Topic: Compare and contrast network topologies . .. ... . ... .. ... . 25 Topic: Select the appropriate cabling type based on implementation requirements ............ .. .. . .. . .. . .. ... .... .. ... .. . 28 Topic: Apply troubleshooting methodologies to resolve problems .. .. . 31 Review Questions ....... .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 33 Answers to Review Questions . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 35 Additional Resources ........ ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . ... 36 CHAPTER 2: Network Fundamentals: IPv4 ..... .. ... .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. 37 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 addressing and  subnetting .... ....... .. ... . . . .. . .. . .. .. ... .. .... . ... 38 Topic: Compare and contrast IPv4 address types .. ... . ... .. ... . . 47 Topic: Describe the need for private IPv4 addressing .. .. .. ... .. .. 50 Review Questions ....... .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 53 Answers to Review Questions . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 55 Additional Resources ....... .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . .... 56 CHAPTER 3: Network Fundamentals: IPv6 ..... .. ... .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. 57 Topic: Identify the appropriate IPv6 addressing scheme to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment .. .. .. .. ... 58 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv6 addressing . .. .. .. .. 62 Topic: Configure and verify IPv6 Stateless Address Auto Configuration ........ .. ... .. .. . .. . . . .. . ... .. ... .. 66 vi CCNA Routing and Switching 200-125 Exam Cram Topic: Compare and contrast IPv6 address types .. ... . ... .. ... . . 69 Review Questions ....... ....... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 72 Answers to Review Questions ...... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 74 Additional Resources ............ .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . .... 75 Part II: LAN Switching Technologies 77 CHAPTER 4: LAN Switching Technologies: Switching Concepts .. .. .. ... ... ... . . 79 Topic: Describe and verify switching concepts . .. .. ... .. ... .. . . . 80 Topic: Interpret Ethernet frame format . .. .. .. ... .. ... . .. . .. . . 85 Topic: Troubleshoot interface and cable issues (collisions, errors, duplex, speed) ...... ....... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. .... . ... 88 Review Questions ........ ..... .. .. . . . ... .. . .. . ..... . ... 94 Answers to Review Questions ...... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 95 Additional Resources ............. .. .. . .. . . . .. . ... .. ... .. 96 CHAPTER 5: LAN Switching Technologies: VLANs, Trunks, and STP . .. .. .. ... ... . 97 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot VLANs (normal range) spanning multiple switches ....... .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... 99 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot interswitch connectivity .. . 107 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot STP protocols . .. .. .. ... 111 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot STP-related optional  features ... ............. ... . .. . .. . .. . .... . ..... . .... 119 Topic: Configure and verify Layer 2 protocols . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . . 122 Review Questions ........ ..... .. .. . . . ... .. . .. . ..... . ... 125 Answers to Review Questions ...... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 126 Additional Resources .. ......... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . .. 127 CHAPTER 6: LAN Switching Technologies: EtherChannel and Switch Stacking ... . .. 129 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot (Layer 2/Layer 3) EtherChannel ...... ......... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . .... .. 130 Topic: Describe the benefits of switch stacking and chassis aggregation ....... ......... .. . .. . .. ... ... . ..... . .... 137 Review Questions ........ ..... .. .. . . . ... .. . .. . ..... . ... 139 Answers to Review Questions ...... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 140 Additional Resources ............. .. .. . .. . . . .. . ... .. ... .. 141 vii Contents Part III: Routing Technologies 143 CHAPTER 7: Routing Technologies: Routing Concepts .. .. .. ... .. ... . .. . .. . .. . 145 Topic: Describe the routing concepts . .. .. .. .. ... ... . . . .. . .. . 146 Topic: Interpret the components of routing table . .. .. .. .. .. ... . . 148 Topic: Describe how a routing table is populated by different routing information sources .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 153 Review Questions ....... .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 156 Answers to Review Questions . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 157 Additional Resources ....... .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . .... 158 CHAPTER 8: Routing Technologies: Inter-VLAN Routing .. .. .. ... ... .. .. . .. . .. . 159 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot inter-VLAN routing .. . ... 160 Review Questions ........ ... ... . .. . .. . .. . .. ... .. .... . . 171 Answers to Review Questions . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 172 Additional Resources .. .... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . .. 173 CHAPTER 9: Routing Technologies: Routing Methods .. . ... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . 175 Topic: Compare and contrast static routing and dynamic routing .. .. . 176 Topic: Compare and contrast distance vector and link state routing protocols ........ .. ... .. .. . .. . .. ... ... . ..... . . 179 Topic: Compare and contrast interior and exterior routing protocols .. 181 Review Questions ....... .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 183 Answers to Review Questions . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 184 Additional Resources ....... .. ... .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . .... 185 CHAPTER 10: Routing Technologies: Static Routing and Dynamic Routing .. .. ... . .. 187 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 static routing ...... .. ... .. ... . . . .. . .. . .. .. ... .. .. 189 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot single area and multi-area OSPFv2 for IPv4 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, stub, virtual-link, and LSAs) . ... .. .. 193 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot single area and multi-area OSPFv3 for IPv6 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, stub, virtual-link, and LSAs) . ... .. .. 199 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP for IPv4 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, and stub) ... .. ... .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . .. 202 viii CCNA Routing and Switching 200-125 Exam Cram Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP for IPv6 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution, and stub) ......... .. ... . .. . .. . .. ... .... .. 205 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot RIPv2 for IPv4 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, and redistribution) .............. .. . .. . .. . .. . ... .. ... .. ... 208 Topic: Troubleshoot basic Layer 3 end-to-end connectivity issues .. .. 218 Review Questions ....... ....... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 220 Answers to Review Questions ..... .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 222 Additional Resources ............ .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . .... 223 Part IV: WAN Technologies 225 CHAPTER 11: WAN Technologies: WAN Options ... .. ... .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . 227 Topic: Configure and verify PPP and MLPPP on WAN interfaces using local authentication ..... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... . 228 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot PPPoE client-side interfaces using local authentication .. .. .. ... .. ... . .. . .. . .. . 232 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot GRE tunnel connectivity . . 235 Topic: Describe WAN topology options . .. .. .. .. ... ... . . . .. . . 238 Topic: Describe WAN access connectivity options .. ... .. ... .. ... 240 Review Questions ....... ....... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 242 Answers to Review Questions ..... .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 243 Additional Resource ............ .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... .. . 244 CHAPTER 12: WAN Technologies: eBGP .......... ... .. . . .. . .. . .. . ... . .... . 245 Topic: Configure and verify single-homed branch connectivity using eBGP IPv4 (limited to peering and route advertisement using Network command only) .... .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . . . .. . .. 246 Review Questions ....... ....... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 251 Answers to Review Questions ..... .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 252 Additional Resource ............ .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... .. . 253 CHAPTER 13: WAN Technologies: QoS ............ .. .. . .. . .. ... ... . .... . .. 255 Topic: Describe basic QoS concepts . ... .. .. .. ... .. .. . . . .. . .. 256 Review Questions ....... ....... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 259 Answers to Review Questions ..... .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 260 Additional Resource ............ .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... .. . 261 ix Contents Part V: Infrastructure Services 263 CHAPTER 14: Infrastructure Services: DNS, DHCP, NTP, HSRP .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . 265 Topic: Describe DNS lookup operation .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . 267 Topic: Troubleshoot client connectivity issues involving DNS .. .. .. . 270 Topic: Configure and verify DHCP on a router (excluding static reservations)............ .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . .... . .... 275 Topic: Troubleshoot client- and router-based DHCP connectivity issues ...... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. ... . .... . ... 280 Topic: Configure and verify NTP operating in client/server mode .. .. 289 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic HSRP .. .. ... . .... 292 Review Questions ....... .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 295 Answers to Review Questions . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 296 Additional Resources ........ ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . ... 297 CHAPTER 15: Infrastructure Services: NAT ...... .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. ... .... .. 299 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot inside source NAT . .. ... . 300 Review Questions ....... .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 309 Answers to Review Questions . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 310 Additional Resource ........ .. ... .. .. . .. . .. ... ... . ..... . 311 Part VI: Infrastructure Security 313 CHAPTER 16: Infrastructure Security: Access Layer Security, AAA . .. .. .. ... .. ... . 315 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot port security .. .. .. ... .. 316 Topic: Describe common access layer threat mitigation techniques . .. . 321 Topic: Describe device security using AAA with TACACS+ and RADIUS ............... . .. . .. . .. .. . ... .. ... .. .... . . 323 Review Questions ....... .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 325 Answers to Review Questions . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 326 Additional Resources ........ ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . ... 327 CHAPTER 17: Infrastructure Security: ACLs .... ... . ... .. ... . . . .. . .. . .. . ..... 329 Topic: Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 standard numbered and named access list for routed interfaces .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . . 330 Review Questions ....... .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. .... . .. 344 Answers to Review Questions . .. .. .. .. ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . 345 Additional Resources ........ ... .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .... . ... 346