CATESBEIANA BULLETIN OF THE VIRGINIA HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY ISBN 0892-0761 Volume 33 Fall 2013 Number 2 BULLETIN INFORMATION Catesbeiana is published twice a year by the Virginia Herpetological Society Membership is open to all individuals interested in the study of amphibians and reptiles and includes a subscription to Catesbeiana, two newsletters, and admission to all meetings. Annual dues for regular membership is $15.00. Payments received after September 1 of any given year will apply to membership for the following calendar year. HERPETOLOGICAL ARTWORK Herpetological artwork is welcomed for publication in Catesbeiana. If the artwork has been pub¬ lished elsewhere, we will need to obtain copyright before it can be used in an issue. We need draw¬ ings and encourage members to send us anything appropriate, especially their own work. Digital submissions are required. EDITORIAL POLICY The principal function of Catesbeiana is to publish observations and original research about Vir¬ ginia herpetology. Rarely will articles be reprinted in Catesbeiana after they have been published elsewhere. All correspondence relative to the suitability of manuscripts or other editorial matters should be directed to: Dr. Paul Sattler, Editor, Catesbeiana, Department of Biology, Liberty Uni¬ versity, 1971 University Blvd., Lynchburg, VA 24502 (email: [email protected]). Major Papers Manuscripts for consideration of publication in Catesbeiana should be submitted to the Editor electronically Consullt the style of articles in this issue for additional information, including the appropriate format for literature citations. The metric system should be used for reporting all types of measurement data. Computer diskettes or email attachments in Word format is desired for all papers. Submissions concerning the herpetofauna of selected areas, such as a park, city or county, should be prepared in article rather than field note format. Articles will be refereed by the editor and one or more qualified reviewers. All changes must be approved by the author before publica¬ tion; therefore, manuscripts must be received by the editor before March 1 and August 1 to be con¬ sidered for publication in the spring and fall issues, respectively, of Catesbeiana. Reprints of articles are not available, but authors may reprint their own articles to meet professional needs. (Editorial policy continued on inside back cover) CATESBEIANA Bulletin of the Virginia Herpetological Society Volume 33 Fall 2013 No.2 Contents VHS Annual HerpBlitz at Mattaponi Wildlife Management Area, June 22-24, 2012 Susan H. Watson.37 Virginia Herpetological Society Survey of Back Bay NWR and False Cape State Park. David A. Perry.48 Preliminary Estimation of Capture Rates for Red-Backed Salamanders at the Randolph-Macon College Environmental Station, Doswell, Virginia. J.D. McGhee.62 Field Notes.67 Articles of interest to Virginia Herpetology.76 President’s Corner.77 Minutes of the Spring 2013 Meeting.81 Treasurer’s Report.83 Fall Meeting Summary.84 35 Catesbeiana 2013 33(2) 36 VHS Annual HerpBlitz at Mattaponi Wildlife Management Area, June 22-24, 2012 Susan H. Watson Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries 4010 West Broad Street Richmond, Virginia 23230 Introduction The Virginia Herpetological Society (VHS) annually selects sites within the Commonwealth and surveys them for herpetofaunal species. The VHS usually selects sites that are within localities lacking any and/or recent official records of native and naturalized reptiles and amphibians. Survey site selection also occurs when a landowner (private or public) requests to have a survey done on their property. Through these surveys, The VHS is able to observe and document distributional, behavioral, morphological, and physiological data. Relative abundance of species may also be assessed during these surveys. From 22 June through 24 June 2012, The VHS held its Annual HerpBlitz survey at the Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries’ (VDGIF) Mattaponi Wildlife Management Area (Mattaponi WMA), in Caroline County, approximately 2 kilometers (1.3 miles) west northwest of the Town of Bowling Green. This property is in the northwestern corner of the Upper Coastal Plain physiographic region. It is a contiguous tract of flat to gently rolling land, with a few slopes that are somewhat steep and considered atypical of the surrounding topography, consisting of 1,029 hectares (2,542 acres). It contains a diversity of habitats, including mature upland hardwood and mixed forests, managed loblolly pine forests, wetlands (including lakes formed from old oxbows from old river channels, as well as vernal pools in some of the wooded areas), riparian areas along the Mattaponi River, the river itself, some recent clearcut areas, and an open area of gravel. The Mattaponi River runs through the northern portion of this property and along the southeastern border of the property. The South River runs along the southernmost and southwestern border of this property. This property also lies partially within the buffer area around Fort A.P. Hill. Consequently, the U.S. Department of Defense contributed funds from its Army Compatible Use Buffer Program to help The VDGIF purchase the land for use as a WMA. Fort A.P. Hill will be able to use 202 hectares (500 acres) of the area to establish one of the Army’s first wetlands mitigation banks. Ducks Unlimited also contributed towards the funding of this land acquisition, due to the wetlands and wetland restoration opportunities available on this property. Study Sites Site 1: Southwest, on Saturday, 6/23/2012 (south of Paige Road, west of main/southern entrance area w/kiosk) la: At road, near entrance: 38°03’33.90”N, 77°23’21.70”W, lb: At oxbow lake: 38°02’58.70”N, 77°23’30.20”W, lc: At power line: 38°03’04.90”N, 77°23’41.60”W, and Id: Along path in pine and open areas: 38°03’16.3(TN, 77°23’47.80”W. This area was accessed via an old logging road that leads west from the kiosk/parking area of the southern entrance into the WMA. Just west of the kiosk area, the road leads through mostly managed loblolly pine forest, with some open areas and vernal pools. One large vernal pool near the road was habitat for many amphibians. Moving further south on this road led to portions of wetlands surrounded by mixed forest, an open power line, and portions of an Catesbeiana 33(2): 37-47 37 Catesbeiana 2013 33(2) old oxbow lake area with marshy and swampy habitats. There were many blueberry bushes along the edge of the forest and oxbow lake areas. Species include oak, tulip poplar, hickory, American holly, beech, sweetgum, and Virginia pine. The understory is open and contains mostly blueberry bushes. Site 2: Southeast, on Saturday, 6/23/2012 (south of Paige Road, east of main/southern entrance area w/kiosk) 2a: At logging road next to river and hardwoods: 38°03’03.50”N, 77°22’57.30”W, 2b: Swamp, beaverdam, edge of oxbow lake: 38°02’51.80”N, 77°22’52.40”W, 2c: Hardwood forest, north of oxbow lake: 38°02’45.10”N, 77°23’14.20”W, 2d: Hardwood forest next to oxbow lake/wetland at power line: 38°03’09.40”N, 77°23’31.90”W, 2e: Along oxbow, floodplain, with hardwoods: 38°03H0.80”N, 77°23,41.90”W. This area was accessed via an old logging road (gravel trail/road) that leads east from the kiosk/ parking area of the southern entrance into the WMA. Just east of the kiosk area, the road leads through an area of early succession forest, timbered in recent years, then through an open area for the power line right-of-way. Moving further south on this road led to portions of mixed forest next to the Mattaponi River, more open areas, and portions of old oxbow lakes with marshy and swampy habitats, as well as some vernal pool habitats in some of the wooded areas. Tree species include oaks, tulip poplar, hickories, maples, American holly, beech, sweetgum, and Virginia pine. Understory included American holly and greenbrier. Site 3: Northwest, on Saturday, 6/23/2012 (north of Paige Road, westernmost entrance into the WMA and west of private farm that is surrounded mostly by WMA property) (38°04U5.36’'N, 77°24’07.38”W) A gravel logging road leads along and through mostly mixed hardwood and some pine forest in an upland area. There are small openings in the forested areas along the road, and towards the end of this section of road there is a large open area with edge habitat between the open area and forest. The forested areas near this edge include very wet and swampy habitats. Site 4: Middle northern area, on Saturday, 6/23/2012 (north of Paige Road, an entrance just to the east of the Mattaponi River) 4a: At pond/old gravel pit and cut over area: 38°03'48.7’'N, 77°23?2r?W 4b: Along old section of Paige Road, including old bridge over the Mattaponi River and road along mostly hardwood forest, just west of the river: 38°03’37.5”N, 77°23’14.88”W. This section of the WMA is accessed just east of the Mattaponi River and its junction with Paige Road. This access road is normally locked to the public. The road travels along a cut over area, with some mixed hardwoods to the west along part of this section of road. The road ends at a pond that is an old gravel pit. The pond had blooming spatterdock in it. Along the edge habitat and beginning to grow in the cleared area were loblolly pine and Virginia pine. Approximately halfway along the road that leads to the pond, there was a junction with a road that led to the west, an old paved road that was formerly a section of Paige Road, including an old bridge over the Mattaponi River. This section of road and river were surrounded mostly by mixed hardwood forest. This forest included oaks, beech, American holly, sassafras, tulip poplar, red maple, highbush blueberry, blackberry, river birch, and native azalea. 38 Mattaponi Wildlife Management Area Survey Site 5: Northeast on Saturday, 6/23/2012 (north of Paige Road, the easternmost entrance into the WMA, with a kiosk and parking area) 5a: Along logging road in pine woods: 38°04’07.2”N, 77°22?59.33”W, 5b: Near logging road in pine woods, near clear cut and stream: 38°04'02.65”N, 77°23’06.67”W, 5c: At marsh with pine woods, near clear cut: 38°04,04.08,'N, 77°23? 16.84,?W, 5d: Near logging road at area that borders pine woods, clear cut and wetlands: 38°04’24.00”N, 77°22,58.59,,W, 5e: Northernmost portion of logging road in this section, bordered by some pine and mixed woods and clear cut area: 38°04'33.43’'N, 77°23,08.94”W. This section of the WMA has a public access, just west of the railroad (which is to the east of the border of the property), with a gravel road and parking area with a kiosk. As one travels north along this access road, the habitat is mostly pine woods that have been managed for harvest and currently has lots of understory along with mature pine trees. Side roads off this access road travel west into areas that have been clear cut and areas of wetlands, streams, and some old oxbow lakes. Plant species in this section include: Virginia pine, loblolly pine, tulip poplar, sweetgum, American holly, blackberry, highbush blueberry, sassafras, wintergreen, ferns, running cedar, birch, ironwood, wild grape, pawpaw, blackjack oak, sycamore, maple, willow oak, and poison ivy. Site 6: Southern side of WMA, on Friday, 6/22/2012 (along access road through southern half of WMA) 6a: Along road next to river, next to woods along river and clear cut area on other side of road: 38o03’06.90,?N, 77o23’02.30”W, 6b: Along road next to oxbow lakes, where stream from lake crosses road, and the woods surrounding road are mostly pine with some mixed hardwoods: 38°02’34.40”N, 77°23’05.30,,W, and 6c: Along road at beaver dam between two oxbow lakes, just west of power line right- of-way: 38°03’06.80”N, 77°23,44.20”W. See descriptions of Sites 1 and 2. Site 7: Southern side of WMA, on Sunday, 6/24/2012 (along access road through southern half of WMA) 7a: Near road next to corner of oxbow lake, mixed hardwoods and pine along lake and open area just to the north: 38°02’53.10”N, 77°22’53.22”W, and 7b: Along road at beaver dam between two oxbow lakes, just west of power line right- of-way: 38°03’06.80”N, 77°23,44.20”W. See descriptions of Sites 1 and 2. Site 8: Northwest, on Sunday, 6/24/2012 (north of Paige Road, westernmost entrance into the WMA and west of private farm that is surrounded mostly by WMA property) (38°04? 15.36’'N, 77°24’07.38”W) See description of Site 3. Site 9: Northwest at Oxbow Lake, on Sunday, 6/24/2012 (north of Paige Road, travel down access road into WMA as it goes around the back of the private farm property, to the east of this 39 Catesbeiana 2013 33(2) property, and beside an oxbow lake/wetland) (38°03’52.0”N, 77°24,06.9,'W) Past Site 3, a gravel logging road leads to wooded and early succession areas and an oxbow lake. The lake has some mixed wooded (including oaks and pine) buffer next to the area of early succession habitat, which includes a lot of blackberry. The lake has emergent aquatic vegetation along its edges, and vines of dodder were prevalent amongst this vegetation. Materials and Methods On 23-24 June, 2012, the VHS surveyed the herpetofaunal species within Mattaponi WMA. Some of the VHS officers also surveyed on 22 June 2012. The survey resulted in the documentation of 26 herpetofaunal species. A total of 41 participants, mostly VHS members and some guests, assisted with this survey. There were 35 participants on Saturday and 14 on Sunday (6 of the Sunday participants were not present on Saturday). A wide range of collecting techniques were utilized during the survey weekend including hand capture, visual encounter, some road cruising, listening for vocalizing anurans, flipping debris, exploring in and under logs and bark, dip netting in aquatic habitats, and setting crayfish traps and baited hoop turtle traps in aquatic habitats. Digital voucher photos were taken of many of the species. Each group leader recorded all data on data sheets. On 23 June, four groups surveyed five areas (one group looked at two areas). On 24 June, two leaders from the previous day led two groups through two areas. All groups consisted of ten participants or less. See Table 1 for a breakdown of survey effort per study site. Data collected included a site description, species identification, microhabitat, number of animals, any interesting or unusual behaviors of phenotypes, and/or observations of disease or parasitism. The VHS obtains a Scientific Collection Permit biennially from VDGIF in order to conduct all survey events (Permit #44734 for 2012-2013). This permit requires the VHS to annually report all species location data. The data from these reports is entered into VDGIF's statewide wildlife species location databases and systems, primarily the SppObs (Species Observations) Database, which feeds other databases and systems at the VDGIF that are used for research, conservation, and education. Thus, VHS survey activities assist in keeping herpetofaunal data updated for the Commonwealth. Table 1: The amount of survey effort per research site. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 e e e e e e e e e t t t t t t t t t i i i i i i i i i S S S S S S S S S Number of hoop net sets 2 2 2 Crayfish traps 2 2 2 Number of surveyors 7 9 7 8 9 2 4 10 12 Hours surveyed 5 5 2 3 5 1.5 1.5 2 2 Person hours of survey effort 35 45 14 24 45 3 6 20 24 Results Over the course of the survey period 26 species were documented (10 anurans, 1 salamander, 5 turtles, 4 lizards, and 6 snakes) with a total of 343 animals captured and identified. Other animals, or parts thereof, were observed but not identified with certainty down to species. This includes an unknown skink species at Site la that was under a log on a dirt mound by a field; another unknown skink, an unknown juvenile of the genus Plestiodon on a log under bark at Site 2b eluded capture; another unknown Plestiodon adult female with eleven eggs at Site 2c 40 Mattaponi Wildlife Management Area Survey was left undisturbed given the condition; 22 eggs that were possibly laid by Coluber constrictor constrictor at Site 2a; and an unknown small tadpole of an anuran species captured in a dip net at Site 9. Table 2 summarizes the 26 species identified and the number of animals observed at different sites (represented by a total of 343 specimens). There were no new county records of species occurring in Caroline County, but four of the species documented only had one record or only had unvouchered records in Caroline County prior to this survey. Hand capture, dip nets, and direct observation led to the largest number of observations. Six baited hoop turtle traps and wire bell traps (crayfish traps) yielded no turtles or other herpetofaunal specimens in aquatic environments. An annotated checklist follows. Table 2. Summary of the number of animals observed at each site. (* denotes species that were documented only once and/or by unvouchered records prior to this survey.) Sites/Snecies 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Amphibians Acris crepitans 3 49 25 2 25 1 25 Anaxyrus a. americanus 3 Anaxyrus fowleri 1 1 1 Hyla chrysoscelis 1 2 1 Hyla cinerea * 5 Lithobates catesbeianus 2 1 1 12 1 2 Lit ho bates clamitans 5 45 1 1 20 2 12 Lithobates sphenocephalus 2 1 4 utricularius Lithobates virgatipes 1 13 1 5 1 Notophathalumus v. viridescens 10 2 Pseudacris crucifer 1 4 6 Reptiles Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen 1 Aspidoscelis s. sexlineata * 1 Carphophis amoenus amoenus 1 2 1 Chrysemys picta picta 1 1 1 1 1 1 Coluber constrictor constrictor 1 Kinosternon s. subrubrum * 1 1 Nerodia sipedon sipedon 1 Pantherophis alleghaniensis 1 1 1 Plestiodon fasciatus 1 1 Pseudemys rubriventris 2 Scleoporus undulatus 2 2 1 3 Seineella lateralis 1 Sternotherus odoratus 1 1 Storeria dekayi dekayi * 1 Terrapene Carolina Carolina 2 3 1 1 Total Number of animals by site 30 121 9 40 20 4 68 12 39 41 Catesbeiana 2013 33(2) Annotated Checklist Amphibians 1. Acris crepitans (Eastern Cricket Frog) - [lb, 2b, 2c, 2d, 4a, 5c, 7a, 8, 9] Eastern Cricket Frogs were found in a variety of habits including stream edges, in streams, in oxbow lakes and ponds, in leaf litter, and at the edge of the Mattaponi River. Many males were heard chorusing from lakes/ponds, making this the species that yielded the most numerous specimens during this survey event. 2. Anaxyrus americanus americanus (Eastern American Toad) - [5a, 5b, 5d] Adults were observed, captured, and released in edge habitats, along the edges of trails and woods. 3. Anaxyrus fowler i (Fowler’s Toad) - [3, 4a, 5d] Adults of this species were found in open areas or edge areas, either along trails at the edge of woods, or in open areas near mixed woods. 4. Hyla chrysoscelis (Cope’s Gray Treefrog) - [lc, 4b, 5e] Adult males were heard calling in a variety of forest habitats: pines, mixed hardwoods, and hardwoods. 5. Hyla cinerea (Green Treefrog) - [7a] Adult males were heard calling near an oxbow lake. 6. Lithobates catesbeianus (American Bullfrog) - [2b, 4a, 5c, 7a, 8, 9] At most sites, adult males of this species were heard calling. At Site 4a, a subadult was captured and released next to a gravel pit pond. At Site 9, an adult male was heard calling, and a tadpole was captured in a dip net and released at an oxbow lake. 7. Lithobates clamitans (Green Frog) - [lb, lc, 2b, 2e, 4a, 5c, 7a, 8, 9] At most sites, adult males of this species were heard calling. At Sites lb and lc, juveniles were captured and released at an oxbow lake and a swamp. At Site 8, a metamorph subadult was captured and released at a ditch. 8. Lithobates sphenocephalus utricularius (Southern Feopard Frog) — [lb, 2d, 5b, 5c] Adult males were heard calling at most sites, in or near oxbow lakes and in a marsh. At Site 5b, one adult was seen hopping along the gravel trail/road. 42