Sandra Johnson Editor Cataract Surgery in the Glaucoma Patient Cataract Surgery in the Glaucoma Patient Sandra Johnson Editor Cataract Surgery in the Glaucoma Patient 123 Editor SandraJohnson UniversityofVirginiaSchool ofMedicine Charlottesville,VA22908 USA ISBN978-0-387-09407-6 e-ISBN978-0-387-09408-3 DOI10.1007/978-0-387-09408-3 SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009931581 ©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2009 Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthe publisher(SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork,NY10013,USA),exceptforbrief excerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstorageand retrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafter developedisforbidden. 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Cover illustration:OriginalcoverphotocourtesyofPatSaine Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface CataractsurgeryisoneofthemostfrequentlyperformedproceduresintheUnitedStates,and cataractsarealeadingcauseofvisualimpairmentintheworld.Glaucomaisalsoaverycom- mon eye disease with an expected 3.3 million Americans afflicted with primary open angle glaucomaby2020.Itisalsoaleadingcauseofirreversibleblindnessworldwide.Thecoexis- tence of these two diseases is not uncommon, and how a cataract is approached can have an impactontheglaucomastatusofapatient.Afterall,cataractsarerarelyassociatedwithper- manent blindness as is glaucoma. Managing cataracts to the best advantage of the glaucoma shouldresultinthebestlong-termvisualoutcomesforourpatientswithbothdiseases. While detailed instruction on cataract surgery is reviewed in other texts, this book serves to focus on the management of cataract in the setting of glaucoma, using an evidence-based medicineapproach.Itishopedtoserveasawonderfulresourceforophthalmologists,residents, andglaucomafellows. Charlottesville,VA SandraM.Johnson,MD v Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge all the contributors of this book without whom it would not be published. The experience of our mentors and the contributors to our references, cited and uncited,helpedprovideuswithourcurrentinsights.Inaddition,Ithankthephotographerswho assistedtheauthorsincludingthosefromDartmouthHitchcockMedicalCenter(TomMonego andPatSaine),MedicalCollegeofGeorgia(MikeStanley),andUniversityofVirginia(Alan Lyon,JaredWatson,andLloydSitukali). SandraM.Johnson vii Contents PartI CataractSurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 ApproachtoCataractSurgeryinGlaucomaPatients . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 GrahamA.LeeandIvanGoldberg 2 Anesthesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 MarleneR.MosterandAugustoAzuara-Blanco 3 ManagementoftheSmallPupil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 CynthiaMattox 4 SmallIncisionCataractSurgeryandGlaucoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 BrooksJ.Poley,RichardL.Lindstrom,ThomasW.Samuelson, andRichardR.SchulzeJr. 5 ElevatedIntraocularPressureAfterCataractSurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 ParagA.GokhaleandEmoryPatterson PartII CombinedSurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 6 CombinedCataractandTrabeculectomySurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 SandraM.Johnson 7 Managing Cataract and Glaucoma in the Developing World – Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) CombinedwithTrabeculectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 RengarajVenkatesh,RengappaRamakrishnan,RamasamyKrishnadas, ParthasarathySathyan,andAlanL.Robin 8 Antimetabolite-Augmented Trabeculectomy Combined with CataractExtractionfortheTreatmentofCataractandGlaucoma . . . . . . 83 SumitDhingraandPengTeeKhaw 9 EarlyPostoperativeBlebMaintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 RobertT.ChangandDonaldL.Budenz 10 LaserSutureLysisandReleasableSutures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 AnastasiosCostaridesandPrathimaNeerukonda 11 CataractSurgeryCombinedwithGlaucomaDrainageDevices . . . . . . . . 109 RameshS.AyyalaandBrianJ.Mikulla 12 ChoroidalDetachmentFollowingGlaucomaSurgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 DiegoG.Espinosa-Heidmann ix x Contents 13 Cataract Extraction Combined with Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 StevenD.Vold 14 ApproachtoCataractExtractionCombinedwithNewGlaucomaDevices. . 135 DiamondY.TamandIqbalIkeK.Ahmed PartIII GlaucomaConditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 15 CataractSurgeryinPatientswithExfoliationSyndrome . . . . . . . . . . . 161 AnastasiosG.P.Konstas,NikolaosG.Ziakas,MiguelA.Teus, DimitriosG.Mikropoulos,andVassiliosP.Kozobolis 16 CataractSurgeryinthePresenceofaFunctioning Trabeculectomy Bleb . . 177 HyltonR.MayerandJamesC.Tsai 17 CataractExtractioninEyeswithPriorGDDImplantation . . . . . . . . . . 187 RameshAyyalaandBrianMikulla 18 CataractSurgeryinthePrimaryAngle-ClosurePatient . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 JimmyS.M.Lai 19 Nanophthalmos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 CarlosGustavoVasconcelosdeMoraesandRemoSusannaJr. 20 CataractInducedGlaucoma:Phacolytic/Phacomorphic . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 SandraM.Johnson 21 GlaucomaRelatedtoPseudophakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 JunpingLiandJasonMuch 22 CataractandGlaucomainRetinopathyofPrematurity . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 AnthonyJ.AnfusoandM.EdwardWilson 23 CataractSurgeryintheHypotonousEye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 DevonGhodasraandSandraM.Johnson Appendix:IndexofMajorFiguresandTables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Contributors IqbalIkeK.Ahmed,MD,FRCSC Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto,ONT,Canada,[email protected] AnthonyJ.Anfuso,MD UniversityofWestVirginia,Morgantown,WV,USA, [email protected] RameshS.Ayyala,MD,FRCS,FRCOphth DepartmentofOphthalmology,TulaneUniver- sitySchoolofMedicine,NewOrleans,LA,USA,[email protected] AugustoAzuara-Blanco,MD,PhD,FRCS(Ed) Department of Ophthalmology, The Eye Clinic,UniversityofAberdeen,Foresterhill,Aberdeen,Scotland,[email protected] DonaldL.Budenz,MD,MPH DepartmentofOphthalmology,BascomPalmerEyeInstitute, MillerSchoolofMedicine,UniversityofMiami,Miami,FL,USA,[email protected] RobertT.Chang,MD Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller SchoolofMedicine,UniversityofMiami,Miami,FL,USA,[email protected] AnastasiosCostarides,MD,PhD EmoryUniversitySchoolofMedicine,EmoryEyeCenter, Atlanta,GA,USA,[email protected] CarlosGustavoVasconcelosdeMoraes,M.D. Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Associates of New York, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY, USA, [email protected] SumitDhingra,MBBCh,MA,MRCOphth DepartmentofOcularRepairandRegeneration BiologyNIHRBiomedicalResearchCentre,UCLInstituteofOphthalmologyandMoorfields EyeHospital,London,UK,[email protected] DiegoG.Espinosa-Heidmann,MD Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC, USA, [email protected] DevonGhodasra,BS MedicalCollegeofGeorgia,SchoolofMedicine,Augusta,GA,USA, [email protected] ParagA.Gokhale,MD Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle,WA,USA,[email protected] IvanGoldberg,MBBS,FRANZCO,FRACS Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney Eye Hospital,UniversityofSydney,Sydney,NSW,Australia,[email protected] SandraM.Johnson Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Service, University of Vir- giniaSchoolofMedicine,Charlottesville,VA,USA,[email protected] PengTeeKhaw,PhD,FRCP,FRCS, FRCOphth, FIBiol, FRCPath, FmedSci Depart- ment of Ocular Repair and Regeneration BiologyNIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL InstituteofOphthalmologyandMoorfieldsEyeHospital,London,UK,[email protected] xi xii Contributors AnastasiosG.P.Konstas,MD,PhD 1st University Department of Ophthalmology, Head of theGlaucomaUnit,AHEPAHospital,Thessaloniki,Greece,[email protected] VassiliosP.Kozobolis,MD,PhD Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupoli, Greece, [email protected] RamasamyKrishnadas,DO,DNB AravindEyeHospitalandPostgraduateInstituteofOph- thalmology,Madurai,TN,India,[email protected] JimmyS.M.Lai,FRCSOphth,FRCSEd,M.Med(Ophthalmology),M.D.,L.L.B. Queen Mary Hospital, Eye Institute and Research Center for Heart Brain and Healthy Ageing, The UniversityofHongKong,Cyberport,HongKong,China,[email protected] GrahamA.Lee,MD,MBBS,FRANZCO Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Brisbane Hospital,Brisbane,QLD,Australia,[email protected] JunpingLi,MD,PhD ClinicalOphthalmology,UniversityofVirginia,ChiefofOphthalmol- ogy,SalemVeteransAffairsMedicalCenter,Salem,VA,USA,[email protected] RichardL.Lindstrom,MD Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, MinnesotaEyeConsultants,PA,Bloomington,MN,USA,[email protected] CynthiaMattox,MD Department of Ophthalmology, New England Eye Center, Tufts UniversitySchoolofMedicine,Boston,MA,USA,[email protected] HyltonR.Mayer,MD Department of Ophthalmology, Yale University School of Medicine, NewHaven,CT,USA,[email protected] DimitriosG.Mikropoulos,MD AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece, mikropou@med. auth.gr BrianJ.Mikulla,BS,MBA Department of Ophthalmology, Tulane University School of Medicine,NewOrleans,LA,USA,[email protected] MarleneR.Moster,MD Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital,Philadelphia,PA,USA,[email protected] JasonMuch,MD DepartmentofOphthalmology,UniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville,VA, USA,[email protected] PrathimaNeerukonda,MD DepartmentofOphthalmology,EmoryUniversity,Atlanta,GA, USA,[email protected] EmoryPatterson,MD DepartmentofOphthalmology,MedicalCollegeofGeorgia,Augusta, GA,USA,[email protected] BrooksJ.Poley,MD Department of Ophthalmology, Volunteers in Medicine Clinic, Hilton HeadIsland,SC,USA,[email protected] RengappaRamakrishnan,MD Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital, Tirunelveli,TN,India,[email protected] AlanL.Robin,MD University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins Univer- sity, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore,MD,USA,[email protected] ThomasW.Samuelson,MD Department of Ophthalmology, University of Minnesota, PhillipsEyeInstitute,Minneapolis,MN,USA,[email protected] ParthasarathySathyan,Dip.N.B. Department of Glaucoma, Aravind Eye Hospital, Peelamedu,Coimbatore,TN,India,[email protected]