Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 63(1) March 2006 17 Case 3331 Cambalida coriacea Simon, 1909 (Arachnida, Araneae): proposed conservation of the specific name by the suppression of Castianeira fulvipes Simon, 1896 Charles R. Haddad Department ofZoology & Entomology, University ofthe Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. The purpose of the application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the specific name of Cambalida coriacea Simon, 1909 for a species ofspider from Africa. The name is threatened by the discovery that the type specimen of Cambalida coriacea is the same species as that of Castianeirafulvipes Simon, 1896. The senior synonym has not been used for the taxon since it was estabhshed and its proposed suppression would maintain nomenclatural stability. Keywords. Nomenclature; taxonomy; clubionidae; micariinae; corinnidae; Cambalida; Cambalida coriacea; Afrotropical Region; spiders. 1. Simon (1909, p. 369) established the nominal genus Cambalida with the type species Cambalida insulana Simon, 1909 (p. 369) (clubionidae. micariinaE) from Annobon Island, west ofGabon. Two additional species were described in the genus Cambalida in the same paper, C fulvipes (p. 369) from Bolama, Portuguese Guinea (Guinee Bissau) and C. coriacea (p. 370) from Freetown, Sierra Leone. One species in particular, C coriacea, is widespread throughout the Afrotropical Region and is associated with a wide diversity of habitats including forests, woodlands, savanna, grassland and fynbos, as well as agroecosystems. 2. Thecorinnidae remains oneofthemostpoorly-studied families ofspiders in the Afrotropical Region (Dippenaar-Schoeman & Jocque, 1997; Haddad, 2004) and many species have been referred to only in their original descriptions (see Platnick, 2004). Cambalidaisnoexceptionto thispaucity oftaxonomicresearch, with only one reference to C. coriacea having been published since the original description (Bosselaers & Jocque, 2000). The nominal genus Cambalida was included in the family liocranidae following Lehtinen's (1967, pp. 290-292) revision ofthe status of the clubionid subfamily liocraninae to family rank. Brignoli (1983) then transferred Cambalida from the clubionidae (p. 547) to the gnaphosidae (micariinae incertae sedis), but underthis family-group placement (p. 582) he added a note on Cambalida: 'uncertain position according to Reiskind, 1969: 196'. Platnick (1989, p. 433; 1993, p. 600; 1997, p. 695) followed Lehtinen's placement and listed Cambalida under the family liocranidae. Recendy, Dippenaar-Schoeman & Jocque (1997, p. 128) listed Cambalida under the corinnidae (CASTianeirinae) without formally transferring the genus from the liocranidae, an action which was undertaken soon afterwards by & Bosselaers Jocque (2000, p. 315). This was supported by a cladistic analysis 18 Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 63(1) March 2006 undertaken by Bosselaers & Jocque (2002, p. 264), who found Cambalida to be one of the most closely related genera to the castianeirine type genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879. 3. During a revision of the genus in southern and central Africa it has been discovered that the holotype of Castianeirafulvipes Simon, 1896 (p. 406), described C from Pretoria, South Africa, agrees with that of Cambalida coriacea, rendering fulvipes a senior synonym. However, this species should in fact be placed in Cambalidaandnot Castianeira. Allspeciesinthegenus Cambalidahaveexceptionally large eyes forcastianeirines and allmales appearto have diagnostic setae at the distal end ofthe cymbium, which are arranged in two or three columns ofthree setae each. Castianeira depygata Strand, 1916 (p. 91) and Castianeira mestrali Lessert, 1921 (p. 424) are alsojunior synonyms ofthis species. Synonymy ofthese nominal species would give the name Cambalida fulvipes (Simon, 1896) priority over Cambalida fulvipes Simon, 1909, which is in current use as the valid name for another taxon. Confusion would result from the use of C. fulvipes (Simon, 1896) for the taxon currently known as C coriacea. The name C. fulvipes Simon, 1909 would therefore be invalid as ajunior secondary homonym. 4. The conditions of Article 23.9.1.1 have been met in this case (that the senior synonym has not been used as a valid name since 1899). However, the conditions of Article 23.9.1.2 (that thejunior synonym orhomonymhas been used foraparticular taxon, as its presumed valid name, in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years) have not been met. The latter is a consequence of the limited study of this family in the Afrotropical Region. It is proposed that the name Castianeirafulvipes Simon, 1896 be suppressed to prevent confusion. The name C coriacea would thereby be conserved. 5. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is accordingly asked: (1) to use its plenary power to suppress the name fulvipes Simon, 1896, as published in the binomen Castianeirafidvipes, forthe purposes ofthe Principle of Priority but not for those ofthe Principle of Homonymy; (2) to place on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology the name coriacea Simon, 1909, as published in the binomen Cambalida coriacea; (3) to place on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology the name fulvipes Simon, 1896, as published in the binomen Cas- tianeirafulvipes and as suppressed in (1) above. References Bosselaers,J.&Jocque,R.2000. StudiesinCorinnidae: transferoffourgeneraanddescription ofthe female ofLessertina mutica Lawrence 1942. Tropical Zoology, 13: 305-325. Bosselaers, J. & Jocque, R. 2002. Studies in Corinnidae: cladistic analysis of38 corinnid and liocranid genera, and transfer ofPhrurolithinae. Zoologica Scripta, 31: 241-270. Brignoli, P.M. 1983. A catalogue ofthe Araneae described between 1940 and 1981. 755 pp. Manchester University Press, Manchester. Dippenaar-Schoeman,A.S.&Jocque,R. 1997. Africanspiders:anidentificationmanual. 392pp. Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 9, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria. Haddad, C.R. 2004. A revision ofthe African spider genus Graptartia Simon, 1896 (Araneae: Corinnidae). African Entomology, 12: 71-81. Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 63(1) March 2006 19 Lehtinen, P.T. 1967. Classification ofthecribellatespidersandsomeallied families, with notes on the evolution ofthe suborder Araneomorpha. Annates ZoologiciFennici, 4: 199^68. Lessert, R. de. 1921. Araignees du Kilimandjaro et du Merou (suite). 4. Clubionidae. Revue Suisse de'Zoologie, 28: 381^42. Platnick, N.I. 1989. Advances in Spider Taxonomy 1981-1987: A Supplement to Brignoli's 'A Catalogue of the Araneae described between 1940 and 1981'. 673 pp. Manchester University Press, Manchester. Platnick, N.I. 1993. Advances in spider taxonomy 1988-1991, with synonymies and transfers 1940-1980. 846 pp. New York Entomological Society, New York. Platnick,N.I. 1997. Advancesinspidertaxonomy 1992-1995withredescriptions 1940-1980. 976 pp. New York Entomological Society, New York. Platnick, N.I. 2004. The World Spider Catalog, version 5.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Simon, E. 1896. Descriptions d"arachnidesnouveauxdelafamilledes Clubionidae. Annatesde la Societe entomologique de Betgique, 40: 400^22. Simon,E. 1909. ArachnidesrecueillisparL. Feasurlacoteoccidentald'Afrique. 2emepartie. Annati del Museo Civico di Storiu Naturale Genova, 44: 335^49. Strand, E. 1916. Zentralafrikanische Clubioniden. In Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Zentral Afrika Expedition 1907-1908, unter Fiihrung Adolf Friedrichs, Herzogs zu Mecklenberg. Archivfiir Naturgeschichte, 81(A11): 79-98. Acknowledgement ofreceipt ofthis application was published in BZN 61: 210. Comments on this case are invited for publication (subject to editing) in the Buttetin; they should be sent to the Executive Secretary, I.C.Z.N., Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. (e-mail: [email protected]).