42 Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 63(1) March 2006 Case 3330 Nectminia senegalensis cruentata Riippell, 1845 (Aves, Passeriformes): proposed conservation of the subspecific name Frank D. Steinheimer Museumfiir Naturkunde, Berlin, do Sylter Strasse 18, Niirnberg, 90425 Germany (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the subspecific name Nectariniasenegalensis cruentata Riippell, 1845 for the Ethiopian, SE-Sudanese and Eritrean population of the scarlet-chested sunbird, originally proposed as Nectarinia cruentata. The senior objective synonym Cinnyris proteus Riippell, 1840 has not been used since its first publication except in synonymy. It is proposed that the name cruentata Riippell, 1845 be conserved by suppression ofproteus Riippell, 1840. Keywords. Nomenclature; taxonomy; nectariniidae; Nectarinia; Nectarinia senegalensis cruentata; Cinnyris proteus; sunbirds; Ethiopia; Southeast Sudan; Eritrea. 1. Riippell described the same species of sunbird twice, in 1840 and in 1845. Ruppell (1840, p. 91 and a footnote on p. 91) proposed by indication a new specific name Cinnyris proteus for a sunbird illustrated by Le Vaillant (1808, pp. 165-167, pi. 295, fig. 2) under the name 'Le Sucrier Protee' (Le Vaillant's names ofbirds were not latinized binomens; the name on the plate reads 'Protte'). In his paper Riippell (1840, p. 91) gave a reference to Le Vaillant's name 'Le Sucrier Protee', which he latinized as Cinnyrisproteus, thereby providing a valid scientific name (Indications - Articles 12.2.1 and 12.2.7). In addition, in the first footnote on p. 91 he described his own specim^ens ofCinnyrisproteus on the assumption that they belonged to the same taxon as the bird described by Le"Vaillant. However, the bird described by Le Vaillant had previously been named by Linnaeus (1766, p. 186) as Certhia senega- lensis and is now considered to be a different subspecies to the one described by Ruppell (1840, p. 91). 2. Later, Riippell (1845, pp. 26-27, pi. 9) established the name Nectarinia cruentata based on the same material (this time with no reference to Le Vaillant's specimens) indicating that his species is apparently different from Nectarinia senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) illustrated by Le Vaillant as 'Le Sucrier Protee'. 3. Riippell's (1845) description oi'Nectarinia cruentata contains citations from his description of Cinnyris proteus published in 1840, positively suggesting that it is indeed the same taxon. Bonaparte (1850, p. 406) was the first to recognize this fact and synonymized Cinnyrisproteuswith Nectarinia cruentata, not, however, acknowl- edging priority. Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 63(1) March 2006 43 4. Nectarinia cruentata Riippell, 1845 is treated in modern taxonomy as a subspecies ofNectarinia senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766), firs* published in this combi- nation by Neumann (1906, pp. 252, 254). 5. To the author's knowledge nobody since its first publication has used the senior synonym Cinnyris proteus Riippell, 1840, which precedes the name Nectarinia cruentata Riippell, 1845, except in synonymy. Therefore the conditions of Article 23.9.1.1 (Reversal ofPrecedence) oftheCode aremet (see Riippell, 1845, p. 26; Murs & Prevost, 1847, p. 87; Ferret & Gahnier, 1850, p. 248; Bonaparte, 1850, p. 406; Brehm, 1863, p. 211; Heuglin, 1864, p. 262; Blanford, 1868, p. 284; Heuglin, 1869, p. 228; Finsch, 1870, p. 229; Blanford, 1870, p. 352; Salvadori, 1873, p. 450; Shelley, 1878, p. 259; Gadow, 1884, p. 93; Salvadori, 1884, p. 125; Hartert, 1891, p. 30; Shelley, 1900, p. 100; Reichenow, 1904-1905, p. 462; Neumann, 1906, p. 252; Hilgert, 1908, p. 146; Salvadori, 1916, p. 11; Moltoni, 1937, p. 250; Moltoni, 1939, p. 36; Steinbacher, 1949, p. 116; Cave & Macdonald, 1955, p. 353; Smith, 1957, p. 328; Toschi, 1959, p. 399; Mackworth-Praed & Grant, 1960, p. 795; Rand, 1967, p. 234; Wolters, 1979, p. 278; Nikolaus, 1987, p. 250; Lewis & Pomeroy, 1989, p. 495; Howard & Moore, 1991, p. 425; Clements, 2000, p. 547; Fry et al., 2000, p. 194; Cheke & Mann, 2001, p. 236; Dickinson, 2003, p. 707). 5. However, the conditions ofArticle 23.9.1.2 ofthe Code are not met. Zoological Record from 1955 to 2004 does not list any publication which cited the particular subspecies of the scarlet-chested sunbird. Only general and local check-lists of the Ethiopian/North Kenyan avifauna and the monograph of Cheke & Mann (2001) offer such detail. Thelimited use ofthe name cruentata in the preceding 50years does not allow its automatic conservation under the provisions of the Code. 6. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is accordingly asked: (1) to use its plenary power to suppress the name proteus Riippell, 1840, as published in the binomen Cinnyris proteus, for the purposes of the Principle of Priority but not for those of the Principle of Homonymy; (2) to place the name cruentata Riippell, 1845, as published in the binomen Nectarinia cruentata, on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology; (3) to place the ndime.proteus Riippell, 1840, as published in the binomen Cinnyris proteus and as suppressed in (1) above, on the Official Index ofRejected and Invahd Specific Names in Zoology. Acknowledgements I am very grateful for the assistance and advice of Edward C. Dickinson. Clive Mann kindly suggested additional references. References Blanford, W.T. 1868. Notes on a journey in Northern Abyssinia. Proceedings ofthe Asiatic Society ofBengal. 37: 276-287. Blanford, W.T. 1870. 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Die Vogelarten derErde Finesystematische Liste mit Verbreitungsanga- ben sowie deutschen undenglischen Narnen, Lief. 4. Pp. 241-320. Paul Parey, Hamburg, Berlin. Acknowledgement ofreceipt ofthis application was pubHshed in BZN 61: 210. Comments on this case are invited for publication (subject to editing) in the Bulletin; they should be sent to the Executive Secretary, LC.Z.N., Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. (e-mail: iczn(@nhm.ac.uk).