170 Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 59(3) September 2002 Case 3206 Halcampella Andres, 1883 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria): proposed designation of H. maxima Hertwig, 1888 as tlie type species E. Rodriguez and P.J. Lopez-Gonzalez Departamento de Fisiologia y Zoologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Sevilla, Reina Mercedes 6, 41012-Sevilla, Spain (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. The purpose of this application under Article 61.1.3 of the Code is to designate Halcampella maxima Hertwig, 1888 as the type species ofthe soft-bottom dwelling genus ofsea anemone Halcampella Andres, 1883 (family halcampoididae). The nominal species Halcampa endromitata Andres, 1881 is the type species by monotypy but is a nomen dubium and has not been recognized since its use by Andres in 1883. Keywords. Nomenclature; taxonomy; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Actiniaria; halcampoididae; Halcampella; Halcampella endromitata; Halcampella maxima; sea anemones. 1. Andres (1883, p. 315) estabhshed the genus Halcampella to accommodate the anthozoan species Halcampa endromitata Andres, 1881 (p. 331) from the Mediterranean. His paperwas reprinted the following year (Andres, 1884) where the reference to Halcampella appears on page 103. Both papers referred to Halcampella as 'gen. nov.'. Andres distinguished Halcampella from the genus Halcampa Gosse, 1858 by the number and disposition of the tentacles (12 in Halcampa and more abundant in Halcampella). The diagnostic characters for Halcampella given by Andres were so broad that species of several genera could be included. Andres's description of Halcampella endromitata is so vague that the species cannot be recognizedwithconfidence, andithasnotbeen reported sinceits originaldescription. Furthermore, Carlgren's comments (1949, pp. 28-29) on Andres's manuscript notes about the internal anatomy of H. endromitata indicate a mesentery disposition pattern similar to that shown by some species ofthe family edwardsidae. Andres's specimenscannot belocatedandmustbepresumed lost. Weagreewith Chintiroglou, Doumenc & Zamponi (1997, p. 66) and den Hartog (pers. comm.) that H. endromitata should be considered a nomen dubium. 2. Hertwig (1888, p. 29) described a second species in the genus Halcampella, H. maxima, from Philippine waters. Hertwig's species description is more accurate and detailed than Andres's description of H. endromitata, including for the first time anatomical characters to the diagnosis ofthe genus: 'Ilyanthidae with six powerfully developed pairs of mesenteries, but with numerous rudimentary mesenteries, and numerous tentacles'. However, Hertwighad no opportunity to examine specimens of H. endromitata for comparative purposes. 3. Carlgren (1931, p. 30)established anotherspecieswhich heincludedin the genus Halcampella, H. robusta from near Tristan da Cunha, mid-Atlantic. He examined Hertwig's type material of H. maxima and compared it with his new species; both Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 59(3) September2002 171 Species agree in general with the diagnostic anatomical features given by Hertwig in 1888. Carlgren did not make any comparisons or references to H. endromitata. 4. In his important monograph on sea anemones, Carlgren (1949, p. 28) gave the prevailing diagnosis of the genus Halcampella. He referred for the first time to H. endromitata as the 'genotype' ofthe genus. Basing his conclusions on Andres's notes on H. endromitata he included that species, togetherwith H. maxima and H. robusta, in Halcampella, although stressingthe absenceofdetails ofsomenecessarycharacters in the description of H. endromitata. The explanations given by Carlgren about Andres's notes are confusing, because of the possible description of the edwardsiid mesentery pattern in H. endromitata: 'moreover that 6 pairs of mesenteries were perfect, 8 mesenteries ofwhich are arranged as the macrocnemes in Edwardsia and stronger than the others, and that microcnemes were present only in the uppermost part ofthe body'. 5. Following Carlgren (1949, p. 28), the genus Halcampella is currently placedHin the family halcampoididae Appellof, 1896 and includes the three species endromitata (the type species), H. maxima and H. robusta. The genus is characterised by an elongate body divisible into physa, scapus and scapulus; physa more or less distinct, scapus with tenaculi; no sphincter; tentacles short, more numerous than the mesenteries in the aboral part of the body, their longitudinal muscles ectodermal; radial muscles oforal disc ectodermal to meso-ectodermal; siphonoglyphs weak; six pairs ofperfect and fertile mesenteries, two pairs ofdirectives; microcnemes only in the uppermost part ofthe body; retractors strong, restricted, formingnumerous high folds; parietobasilar muscles rather well developed. 6. The nominal genus Halcampella is not often cited, the most recent reference being by Fautin (1998) to an indeterminate species from the Californian coast. In a recent paper, we (Rodriguez & Lopez-Gonzalez, 2002) describe a new species of Halcampella, H. fasciata, from the Weddell Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula. We compare this species with H. maxima and (p. 44) designate a lectotype (SMNH-type-1160) of H. maxima from the collections in the Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm. In this application we propose that the Commission should designate H. maxima as the type species ofHalcampella. 7. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is accordingly asked: (1) to useitsplenarypowerto setasideallpreviousfixations oftypespecies forthe nominal genus Halcampella Andres, 1883 and to designate Halcampella maxima Hertwig, 1888 as the type species; (2) to place on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology the name HalcampellaAndres, 1883 (gender: feminine), typespeciesbydesignationin(1) above Halcampella maxima Hertwig, 1888; (3) to place on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology the name maxima Hertwig, 1888, as published in the binomen Halcampella maxima (specific name ofthe type species Halcampella Andres, 1883). Acknowledgements The authors wish to pay tribute to the late Dr Koos den Hartog (the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden) for his unfailingly kind assistance on sea anemone taxonomy and to thank Drs Sabine Stohr and Karin Sindermark (Swedish 172 Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 59(3) September 2002 Museum of Natural History, Stockholm) for the loan of the type material of Halcampella maxima and H. robusta. References Andres, A. 1881. Prodromus neapolitanae actiniarum faunae addito generalis actiniarum bibliographiae catalogo. Mittheilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu NeapeL 2(3): 305-371. Andres, A. 1883. Le Attinie. Atti della Reale Accademia de Lincei, Memorie, (3)14: 211-673. Andres, A. 1884. Le Attinie. Fauna undFlora Golf, Neapel, Monograph, 9: 1^60. Carlgren, O. 1931. Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkivfor Zoologi, 23A(3): 1-48. Carlgren, O. 1949. A survey ofthe Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, (4)1(1): 1-121. Chintiroglou, Ch., Doumenc, D. & Zamponi, M. 1997. Commented list ofthe Mediterranean Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia (Anthozoa). Acta Adriatica, 38(1): 65-70. Fautin,D.G. 1998. ClassAnthozoa: OrdersActiniaria,Ceriantharia, andZoantharia. In Scott, P.V. & Blake, J.A. (Eds.), Taxonomic atlasofthe benthicfauna ofthe Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel, vol. 3, Pp. 113-139. Hertwig, R. 1888. Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Supplement. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during theyears 1873-76, Zoology, 26: 1-56. Rodriguez, E. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P.J. 2002. A new species of Halcampella (Actiniaria, Halcampoididae) from the eastern Weddell Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula. Scientia Marina, 66(1): 43-52. Comments on this case are invited for publication (subject to editing) in the Bulletin; they should be sent to the Executive Secretary, I.C.Z.N., c/o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. (e-mail: iczn(gnhm.ac.uk). Halcampella maxima Hertwig, 1 Lateral view of the lectotype (left) and one of the paralectotypes (right). Scale bar 50mm.