Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 58(1) March 2001 19 Case 3132 Eudovylas Aczel, 1940 (Insecta, Diptera): proposed conservation of usage by the designation of Pipunculusfuscipes Zetterstedt, 1844 as the type species Marc De Meyer Koninklijk Museum voor Midden Afrika, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium (e-mail: [email protected]) Jeff Skevington Department ofZoology andEntomology, University ofQueensland, Brisbane, Queensland4072, Australia. Present address: Diptera Unit, Systematic Entomology Section, ECORC, Agriculture andAgri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. Thepurpose ofthisapplicationistoconservetheuse ofthenameEudorylas Aczel, 1940 for a large and cosmopolitan genus of pipunculid flies, parasites of Homoptera, by designating Pipunculusfuscipes Zetterstedt, 1844 as the type species. The originally designated type species is Cephalops opacus Fallen, 1816, but this was based on an error. C. opacus does not correspond to the original and subsequent usage of Eudorylas but is included in Microcephalops De Meyer, 1989. Neodorylas Kuznetzov, 1995 was proposed as a substitute name for Eudorylas auct., but it has not been adopted and if it were there would be considerable confusion, since the name Eudorylas would be transferred to the species placed in Microcephalops. The present proposals conserve the usage of both Eudorylas and Microcephalops; Neodorylas will become ajunior objective synonym ofEudorylas. Keywords. Nomenclature; taxonomy; Diptera; pipunculidae; Eudorylas; Eudorylas fuscipes; Microcephalops; Microcephalops opacus; Neodorylas. 1. Fallen (1816, p. 15) described the pipunculid fly Cephalops opacus based on male and female specimens from Ostrogothia, Sweden, apparently collected by Zetterstedt ('Habitat in Ostrogothia. D. Zetterstedt.'). 2. Subsequent authors (e.g. Becker, 1897, p. 35; Sack, 1935, p. 26) placed C opacus in a species-group of Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 recognised by a coloured pterostigma, dull pollinosity of abdomen, and usually an acuminate third antennal segment. 3. Aczel (1940, p. 151) established (in a key) the generic name Eudorylas for this species-group of Pipunculus. The genus keys out with the following characters [in translation]: 'Propleuron naked, without hairs or bristles. Anal vein present and well developed up to, or almost up to, the hind wing margin. Pterostigma present. Medial vein without furcation and without appendix. Third antennal segment larger than second segment, usually acuminate'. The absence ofa propleural fan is considered a 20 Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 58(1) March 2001 diagnosticcharacter, but this was not noticed byprevious entomologists studyingthe group. Aczel (1940) designated Cephalops opacus Fallen, 1816 as the type species of Eudorylas, but in doing so he merely selected the included nominal species with the oldest available name and did not examine any type specimens ofit. 4. Subsequently Aczel (1948, p. 77) wrote [in translation]: 'Specimens of31 species with dull abdomen and coloured pterostigma, which were placed in Becker's and Cresson's Group I [ofPipunculus] and in Sack's Group IV, have propleura without a fan. It is therefore most likely that all species with dull abdomen and coloured pterostigma ofthe genus Dorilas Meig. s. lat., which I could not study, also belong here. These species are indicated as 'Eudor.T in the Index'. Although in the Index (p. 164) C. opacuswas not given with a question mark itwas recorded as 'Eudor.V on p. 15 ofthe text, confirming that Aczel had not studied specimens ofthis species and that in 1948 he was not sure that it really belonged to Eudorylas. 5. Collin (1956) studied Fallen's collection in Stockholm as well as Zetterstedt's in Lund. No specimens (only two empty pins) remain under C. opacus in Fallen's collection (Collin, 1956, p. 149). InZetterstedt's collectiontwo specimens, amale and a female, are labelled as Pipunculus opacus, and Collin (1956, p. 151) designated the male specimen (no. 193; type number ZML 2449:1 assigned by R. Danielsson) as the lectotype of Cephalops opacus Fallen, 1816. 6. The genus Eudorylas as described by Aczel (1940, 1948) has been in common use, and411 species arecurrently placed init (see De Meyer, 1996, 1997; Dempewolf, 1996; Dempewolf & von der Dunk, 1996; Rafael, 1996; Rafael & Ale-Rocha, 1997). 7. Kuznetzov(1995) studied thelectotypeofC. opacusinLundandconcludedthat it is conspecific with Pipunculus vestitus Becker, 1900 (p. 230), ofwhich he studied some ofthe syntypes. P. vestitus is a species included in Microcephalops De Meyer, 1989 (p. 120), which has P. banksi Aczel, 1940 (p. 152) as its type species. Microcephalops is differentiated from Eudorylas by the propleural fan being present butreduced, the frons broadened and face narrowed, and the third antennal segment being rounded or short acute and only slightly largerthan the second segment. In the phylogeny proposed by Rafael & De Meyer (1992) Microcephalops and Collinias Aczel, 1940 are considered to form a monophyletic group which is distinct from Eudorylas. Based on the synonymy of Cephalops opacus and P. vestitus, Kuznetzov (1995) synonymised Eudorylas and Microcephalops, treating the former as the valid name. He (Kuznetzov, 1995, p. 326) established the new genus Neodorylas to accommodate all the species previously placed in the traditional genus concept of Eudorylas, and designated Pipunculusfuscipes Zetterstedt, 1844 as the type species. He proposed new generic combinations (with Neodorylas) for all 397 species previously placed in Eudorylas and (with Eudorylas) for the 28 species placed in Microcephalops. 8. A restudy ofthe lectotype ofC opacus and syntypes ofP. vestitusconfirms that the names are synonymous, and there can be no doubt that the species concept proposed by Fallen (1816) for C. opacus conforms to the lectotype. Although the original description is brief, it states (Fallen, 1816, p. 15) '... at nervus quartusjuxta nervum transversum ordinarium haud ita inflectitur, nullum formans angulum'. Freely translated, this means that the fourth longitudinal vein [Ml+2] is not curved where itcoincideswiththemarginal cross-vein. This characteris seen in the lectotype Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 58(1) March 2001 21 ofC. opacus and in all Microcephalops species (cf. illustration 26 in De Meyer, 1989). All othergenericcharactersforMicrocephalops, includingthepresenceofthereduced propleural fan, are similarly present in the lectotype of C. opacus. 9. A review of the recent literature (i.e. after 1995) shows that the proposal of Kuznetzov (1995) has not been adopted by other authors. No reference could be found where the name Neodorylas was used. All recent works still use the generic name Eudorylas in the sense originally described by Aczel (e.g. Bankowska, 1996, 1997; Dempewolf, 1996, 1998; Dempewolf & von der Dunk, 1996; Rafael, 1996; De Meyer, 1997; Guglielmino & Virla, 1997; Kozanek & Belcari, 1997; Lauterer, 1997;.Rafael &Ale-Rocha, 1997; Skevington & Marshall, 1997; von der Dunk, 1997; Dempewolf& Sander, 1999). 10. Von der Dunk & Lauterer (1998, p. 169) considered C. opacus and P. vestitus to be identical, although they did not examine type material, and placed C. opacus in a new combination as Microcephalops opacus (Fallen, 1816). However, they did not synonymise thegeneraEudorylasand Microcephalops, anditisevident thattheywere not aware that C. opacus is the type species ofEudorylas by original designation. 11. From the above it is clear that Aczel's (1940) designation of C. opacus Fallen, 1816 as type species for his genus Eudorylas was erroneous, since in doing so he designated a nominal species that does not possess the characters assigned to the generic concept (i.e. the type species was based on a misidentification, or at least in ignorance ofits characteristics). Under Article 70b ofthe 1985 edition ofthe Code, Kuznetzov (1995) should not have erected the new genus Neodorylas to accommo- date all species previously placed under Eudorylas but should have maintained existing usage and referred the case to the Commission; his action upset the well established usage ofthe generic name Eudorylas. 12. We propose that Pipunculus fuscipes Zetterstedt, 1844 (p. 953) should be designated as the type species of Eudorylas Aczel, 1940. We have studied the male lectotype designated by Collin (1956, p. 151) in Zetterstedt's collection in Lund (no. 296, type number ZML 2442:1 allocated by R. Danielsson) and found it to conform to the generally accepted concept of Eudorylas; from Aczel (1948) it is apparent that P.fuscipesis one ofthe originally included species that he had actually studied. This type species designation would conserve the original and modern usage ofthe generic name Eudorylas, would conserve the name Microcephalops, and would render Neodorylas Kuznetzov, 1995 a junior objective synonym of Eudorylas. The valid name of Cephalaps opacus Fallen, 1816 would be Microcephalops opacus, as used by von der Dunk & Lauterer (1998; see para. 10 above). 13. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is accordingly asked: (1) to use itsplenarypowerto set asideallprevious fixations oftype species forthe nominal genus Eudorylas Aczel, 1940 and to designate Pipunculus fuscipes Zetterstedt, 1844 as the type species; (2) to place on the Official List ofGeneric Names in Zoology the name Eudorylas Aczel, 1940 (gender: masculine), type species by designation in (1) above Pipunculusfuscipes Zetterstedt, 1844; (3) to place on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology the namefuscipes Zetterstedt, 1844, as published in the binomen Pipunculus fuscipes (specific name of the type species ofEudorylas Aczel, 1940); 22 Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 58(1) March 2001 (4) to place on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology the name Neodorylas Kuznetzov, 1995 (ajunior objective synonym of Eudorylas Aczel, 1940). Acknowledgements We thank M. Ackland, F. Benton, M. Dempewolf, N. Evenhuis, M. Foldvari, J.A. Rafaeland F.C. Thompson forusefuldiscussions and suggestions on thismatter. We appreciate the assistance of G. Stahls for her help in obtaining the lectotype of Cephalops opacus, as well as R. Danielsson (Lund) and H. Schumann (Berlin) for loan oftype material. References Aczel, MX. 1940. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographic der Dorylaiden (Dipt.). Dorylaiden- Studien V. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 132: 149-169. Aczel, M.L. 1948. Grundlagen einer Monographie der Dorilaiden (Diptera). Dorilaiden- Studien VI. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 6: 5-168. Bankowska, R. 1996. Pipunculidae (Diptera) Kampinoskiego Prku Narodowego. Fragmenta Faunistica, 39: 161-167. Bankowska, R. 1997. Pipunculidae (Diptera) of Puszcza Bialowieska. Fragmenta Faunistica, 40: 191-198. Becker,T. 1897. Dipterologische StudienV. Pipunculidae. BerlinerEntomologischeZeitschrift, 42: 25-100. Becker, T. 1900. Dipterologische Studien V [cont.]. Pipunculidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 45: 215-252. Collin, J.E. 1956. Scandinavian Pipunculidae. 1. On the species ofPipunculusin the collection of Fallen at Stockholm, and Zetterstedt and others at Lund. Opuscula Entomologica, 21(2-3): 149-169. De Meyer, M. 1989. Systematics of the Nearctic species of the genus Cephalops Fallen (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Bulletin de I'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (Entomologie), 59: 99-130. De Meyer, M. 1996. World catalogue of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Studiedocumenten van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, no. 86. 127 pp. DeMeyer, M. 1997. Contribution tothePipunculidaefaunaofSpain: (Diptera). Beitraegezur Entomologie, 47(2): 421^150. Dempewolf, M. 1996. Taxonomical notes on west palaearctic Pipunculidae, including the description of two new Eudorylas species (Diptera). [Anmerkungen zur Taxonomie westpalaarktischerPipunculidennebstderBeschreibungvon zweineuenEudorylas-Arten (Diptera)]. Studia Dipterologica, 3(1): 87-92. Dempewolf, M. 1998. On the taxonomy oftwo German pipunculid flies, with remarks on the terminology ofthe male genitalia (Diptera). Beitraege zur Entomologie, 48: 531-537. Dempewolf,M.&vonderDunk,K. 1996. AnewEudorylasspeciesfromSouthernandWestern Germany (Diptera, Pipunculidae). Studia Dipterologica, 3(1): 93-96. Dempewolf,M.& Sander,F.W. 1999. Pipunculidae. In: Schumann, H., Bahrmann, R. &Stark. A. (Eds.), Entomofauna Germanica 2, Checkliste der Dipteren Deutschlands. Studia Dipterologica Supplement, no. 2. 354 pp. Fallen, C.F. 1816. Syrphici Sveciae [part]. 22 pp. Berling, Lundae. Guglielmino,A. & Virla,E.G. 1997. Postembryonicdevelopment and biology ofPsammotettix alienus (Dahlbom) (Homoptera, Cicadellidae) under laboratory conditions. Bollettino di Zoologia, Agraria e di Bachicoltura, 29: 65-80. Kozanek, M. & Belcari, A. 1997. Structure of the ovipositor, associated sensilla and spermathecal system ofentomoparasitic pipunculid flies (Diptera Pipunculidae). Journal ofNatural History, 31: 1273-1288. Bulletin ofZoological Nomenclature 58(1) March 2001 23 Kuznetzov, S.Y. 1995. Neodorylas gen.n., with a key to the world genera, new synonymy and notes on the higher classification ofthe Pipunculidae (Diptera). InternationalJournal of Dipterological Research, 6(4): 321-333. Lauterer,P. 1997. Pipunculidae. Pp. 66-67 inChvala, M., CheckListofDiptera(Insecta)ofthe Czech andSlovak Republics. Karolinum, Prague. Rafael, J.A. 1996. Pipunculidae (Insecta, Diptera) of the Dominican Republic: new records and description ofnew species. Annals ofthe Carnegie Museum, 65(4): 363-381. Rafael, J.A. & Ale-Rocha, R. 1997. Chilean Pipunculidae (Diptera). Key to genera, new records, description ofa new species ofEudorylasAczel and a catalog ofspecies. Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 24: 31-36. Rafael,J.A.& DeMeyer,M. 1992. GenericclassificationofthefamilyPipunculidae(Diptera): a.cladistic analysis. JournalofNatural History, 26(3): 637-658. Sack, P. 1935. Dorylaidae (Pipunculidae). Pp. 1-57 in Lindner, F., Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, vol. 4, part 4. Skevington, J. & Marshall, S.A. 1997. First record ofa big-headed fly, Eudorylas alternatus (Cresson) (Diptera: Pipunculidae), reared from the subfamily Cicadellinae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with an overview ofpipunculid-host associations in the Nearctic Region. The Canadian Entomologist, 129: 387-398. Von der Dunk, K. 1997. Key to Central European species of Pipunculidae (Diptera). Studia Dipterologica, 4: 289-335. VonderDunk, K. & Lauterer, P. 1998. More details on the rareEudorylasfurvulusCollin and Microcephalops opacus (Fallen) comb.n. (Diptera: Pipunculidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiarum Biologica, 82 (1997): 163-171. Zetterstedt, J.W. 1844. Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta, vol. 3 (pp. 895-1280). Lundae. Comments on this case are invited for publication (subject to editing) in the Bulletin; they should be sent to the Executive Secretary, I.C.Z.N., c/o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, U.K. (e-mail:[email protected]).